This document describes different types of asexual reproduction and cloning. It outlines 5 types of asexual reproduction including binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative reproduction, and spore formation. The advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction are provided. The document also describes the processes of reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning aims to create an identical genetic copy of an organism, while therapeutic cloning uses stem cells to generate tissues and organs for transplantation.

1. 5e: Asexual Reproduction &
5f: Cloning
• Describe the 5 types of asexual reproduction and give examples
• List advantages and disadvantages of reproducing asexually
• Describe the process of reproductive cloning
• Describe the process of therapeutic cloning

2. Reproduction
 Reproduction – the process of generating offspring
 Sexual Reproduction – Methods of reproduction
requiring genetic input from two parents. Produces
genetically unique offspring
 Asexual Reproduction – Methods of reproduction where
a single parent produces offspring that are genetically
identical to each other and the parent.

3. Asexual Reproduction
Advantages
 Able to produce large numbers
of offspring quickly
 Large colonies can outcompete
other organisms and increase
chances of species survival
 No energy required to find a
suitable mate
Disadvantages
 Offspring are identical so a
single negative mutation can
wipe out an entire population
 No variation in population so
entire colony can be killed by
bad conditions
 Many offspring close together
may compete for
food/resources

4. Types of Asexual Reproduction
 Use text pages 168-174 to fill out the “Five Types of
Asexual Reproduction” chart
1. BINARY FISSION
2. BUDDING
3. FRAGMENTATION
4. VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
5. SPORE FORMATION

5. Cloning
 A clone is an identical genetic copy of the parent
organism
 Human assisted cloning falls into two categories
 Reproductive Cloning
 Therapeutic Cloning

6. Reproductive Cloning
 Making an entire organism that is genetically identical
to the parent.
 Purpose: Make a duplicate of an existing organism
with desirable characteristics.

7. What have we cloned?
 Tadpole – 1953
 Fish - 1963
 Mice -1986
 Sheep -1995
 Monkey -2000
 Pig -2000
 Guar -2001
 Cow -2001
 Cat -2001
 Rat -2003
 Mule -2003
 Horse -2003
 Dog -2005
 Wolf -2005
 Water buffalo -2009
 Ibex -2009 (extinct)
 Camel -2009
 Goat -2012

8. Reproductive Cloning Procedure
 Requirements:
 Somatic (body) cell from organism to be cloned
 Donor egg cell with nucleus removed
 Surrogate mother to carry and deliver the clone
 Process:
 Fuse somatic cell with the donor egg cell (nucleus removed)
 Implant egg into surrogate mother
 Clone develops in surrogate and is born
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clickandclone/

9. Dolly the Sheep – First mammal clone
from an adult cell (1995)

10. Why reproductive cloning?
 Science – we clone because we can
 Create animal models of disease – Purposefully create
many animals with the same genetic mutations for
testing possible treatments
 Revive endangered or extinct species – Jurrasic park
 Reproducing a pet – For $50,000 - $100,00 you can
clone your pet when they die.
 Cloning livestock with desirable traits – Fast, milky or
meaty
 Drug production – Genetically engineer drug or
protein producing organisms then clone

11. Therapeutic Cloning
 Using stem cells to replace damaged cells or grow
new organs or tissues
 Purpose: Correct health problems by producing
specialized tissues and organs that are a perfect
match for transplant.
 Stem Cells: Undifferentiated cells that have the
potential to become many different types of cells.
Found in bone marrow and embryos

12. Therapeutic Cloning
 Requirements:
 Cell from patient
 Donor egg cell with nucleus removed
 Process
 Nucleus from the patient is implanted into donor egg
cell and an embryo begins to develop
 Stem cells are removed from the embryo and are grown
into the required tissue or organ
 New tissue or organ is transplanted into the patient

13. Therapeutic Cloning