This document discusses different forms of performing and visual arts. It outlines three main categories of performing arts classified by the material used: 1) Auditory, which includes elements of music like rhythm, pitch, melody, etc. 2) Kinesthetic, which includes elements of dance like the human body and movement patterns. 3) Dramatics, which includes elements of theater like stage direction and scenic design. It also outlines three categories of visual arts based on dimensions: 1) Two-dimensional works like drawings and paintings. 2) Three-dimensional sculptures and carvings. 3) Multi-dimensional works that incorporate time, space and mixed media techniques. The document notes that Philippine arts have roots in indigenous rituals and have been

1. 01
UNIT 2:
Classification of
Forms in the

2. Lesson 1:
Performing Arts in the
Philippines

3. Performing arts involve a performer
(usually a person) undertaking certain
actions and movements usually
accompanied by sound in a particular
space and time for an audience.
Moreover, performing arts is defined
by its interdisciplinarity and how it
integrates various art forms.

4. There are three kinds of performing
art forms classified according to the
material used.

5. 1. Auditory
2. Kinesthetic
3. Dramatics

6. 1. Auditory for music, which has the
following elements:
a. Rhythm - movement, fluctuation, or
variation marked by the regular
recurrence or natural flow of related
elements.
b. Pitch - highness or lowness of sound

8. c. Melody - a rhythmic succession of
single tones organized as an aesthetic
whole
d. Musical Notations - the act, process,
method, or an instance of representing
by a system or set of marks, signs,
figures, or characters used in music

9. e. Harmony - the combination of
simultaneous musical notes in a chord
f. Timbre - the perceived sound
quality of a musical tone which sets it
apart from other tones. This may be
described as soft, rough, hoarse, cold,
and other similar adjectives

10. 2. Kinesthetic for dance, which has the
following elements:
a. Human body - the body is the center
of the performance activity. It performs
the actions and movements necessary to
the piece. With that, it is considered to
be the main medium in performing arts.

11. b. Arrangement or pattern - the
movements and steps which enable
the performers to perform in an
organized manner.

12. c. Time and space - performing arts
depend highly on time and space.
The other elements must all come
together to complement the available
and selected time and space.

13. 3. Dramatics for theatre, which has
the following elements:
a. Stage direction - instructions
indicating movement, blockings or
positions, and other nuances in the
performers’ speaking, movement,
and acting.

14. b. Narratology - the narrative
structure of the piece c. Scenic design
- the artistic design that creates the
background or scene to complement
the performances

15. In the Philippines, performing arts is
shaped by the country’s long history of
colonization and characterized by the
diverse cultural practices within the
nation. In general, Philippine
performing arts have its roots in the
indigenous practice of rituals.

16. It is believed that the rituals of early
Filipino ancestors is the very origins
of theatre arts in the country. After
all, it fulfills all the necessary
materials needed in theatre.

17. The shamans or babaylans perform
a ritual that involve going through a
trance; its choreography usually
involves the partaking of an animal
sacrifice.

18. This is accompanied by the chanting
of the crowd or even rhythmic
playing of indigenous musical
instruments. Further, it is done
usually in front of an audience or
the entire community.

19. Lesson 2:
Visual Arts in the

20. Some works of art are considered visual
in nature. In order to understand and
appreciate the nature of visual art, it is
important to distinguish the different
forms of visual art. Mainly, there are
three types of visual arts categorized
according to their materials and
approaches used.

21. 1. Two-Dimensional Expression
2. Three-Dimensional Expression
3. Multi-Dimensional Expression

22. 1. Two-Dimensional Expression -
It is mainly flat because it only has
length and width as its dimensions.
There are several techniques that
utilize this, namely:

23. a. Alla Prima - also known as wet-on-
wet or when you paint over a layer of
wet paint.

24. b. Encaustic - also known as hot wax
painting or when you add pigment to
beeswax and use it to paint.

25. c. Tempera Painting - adding
pigment to water-soluble binder
medium such as egg yolk

26. d. Fresco - a mural painting technique
that involves painting over fresh
plaster.

27. e. Water Color - when pigments are
suspended in a water-based solution

28. f. Oil on Canvas - adding pigments to
drying oil for binder.

29. g. Mosaic - when small pieces are
assembled together (such as glass,
stone, seeds, etc) to form an image

30. h. Stained Glass - when an artwork is
made with coloured glass

31. i. Tapestry - textile art woven on a
vertical loom.

32. j. Drawing - using a writing material
(pen, pencil, marker, etc) to mark a
two-dimensional canvas such as paper
and form an image.

33. k. Printing - when an image is formed
using a master template.

34. l. Photography - creating images
with light .

35. 2. Three-Dimensional Expression -
Apart from length and width, three-
dimensional objects also has volume.
There are several techniques under this
category, namely:

36. a. Molding - reshaping a three-
dimensional object such as marble or
plaster to create a new form.

37. b. Carving - scraping off parts of a
material (often wood) to create a new
form.

38. c. Etching - using a strong acid on a
surface to create a design.

39. d. Installing - a site-specific artwork
designed to transform and include
space in its message.

40. 3. Multi-Dimensional Expression -
Multi-dimensional expression uses
length, width, mass, time and space as
its dimensions and it uses various
techniques. The techniques are as
follows:

41. a. Lashed construction- is the
technique of binding two or more
materials together in order to build a
structure. It can be something as
simple as extending a pole to raise a
flag, a tripod for cooking, or as
complex as a tower or bridge.

43. b. Truss Construction- is essentially a
triangulated system of straight
interconnected structural elements. The
most common use of trusses is in
buildings, where support to roofs, the
floors and internal loading such as
services and suspended ceilings, are
readily provided.

45. c. Post and lintel construction- is a
simple method of construction involving
the use of vertical and horizontal
elements. The verticals support the
horizontals, creating one storey of a
building. Additional verticals can be placed
atop the horizontals to create structures
with more than one level.

47. d. Cantilever- In architecture, It is
structure that is anchored at one end
and projects horizontally beyond its
vertical support.

49. e. Arches- A curved structural
member spanning an opening or
recess. They embody and symbolize
strength and support.

51. In the Philippines, visual arts is
characterized by the manifestations
of a wide array of cultural influence
to the country. Specifically, it is
marked by ethnic, Spanish, American,
and contemporary traditions.