Materials and techniques of Philippine contemporary arts

5. 2ND QUARTER
LESSON 1: MATERIALS AND
TECHNIQUES OF
CONTEMPORARY ARTS

7. ARTISTS, CRAFTSPEOPLE, AND DESIGNERS USE
A BROAD RANGE OF MATERIALS, TECHNIQUES,
AND PROCESSES IN THEIR WORK, SOMETIMES
COMBINING TRADITIONAL CRAFT WITH
CONTEMPORARY ART AND DESIGN IN
INNOVATIVE WAYS.

8. DEVELOPMENTS IN EMERGING
TECHNOLOGY HAVE CREATED A
VARIETY OF NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR
THE CREATIVE PROCESS.

9. THE PURPOSE OF THIS LESSON IS
TO IMPROVE THE KNOWLEDGE,
SKILLS AND UNDERSTANDING OF
LEARNERS TO WORK SAFELY AND
CREATIVELY WITH THEM.

10. BUILD THE EXPERTISE, SKILLS AND
UNDERSTANDING OF LEARNERS TO WORK
SAFELY AND CREATIVELY WITH THE
RESOURCES, TECHNIQUES AND
PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR
SPECIFIC PATHWAY.

11. IT WILL ALLOW LEARNERS TO EXPLORE,
EXPERIMENT AND UNDERSTAND THE
USE OF A BROAD RANGE OF
MATERIALS, TECHNIQUES, AND
PROCESSES.

12. IN THEIR CREATION WORK AND IN THE
PRODUCTION OF FINISHED WORK, LEARNERS
WILL DEMONSTRATE ABILITY AND
UNDERSTANDING. TO CHOOSE AND USE SUITABLE
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES, LEARNERS MUST
ANALYZE THE VARIOUS QUALITIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT MEDIA.

13. THEY MUST LEARN TO OBJECTIVELY
REVIEW THEIR EXPERIMENTS AT
VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT TO
CHANGE AND REFINE THEM.

14. TRY TO DEFINE THE FOLLOWING WORDS.
•1. medium
•2. technique
•3. artist
•4. musician
•5. critique

15. MEDIUM
•In contemporary art, the medium has become
largely dependent on conventions; artists are
experimenting and inventing new mediums and
techniques, thereby widening the range of
artistic tools.
•Medium is defined as the material or the
substance out of which a work is made.

16. THE MEDIUM ALSO DESCRIBES THE
ESSENCE OF THE TYPE OF ART AS
FOLLOWS:

17. WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF ART?
Art as Human Creation (a valid concept). Art
in the sense of the artificial or the manmade is
a concept that pertains to the product of
human activity: a thing or state of affairs which
is the end-result of conscious, purposive
human activity.

18. WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF ART?
Art doesn't imitate or copy anything, but it thrives on
otherness, on the very essence of what it means to
be different and unique in its own right. Art
changes everything into something different.
Furthermore, art is not about seeking but about
finding possibilities. It is about re-creating the world
anew each time.

19. WHAT ARE THE 7 DIFFERENT FORMS OF ART?
1. Painting
2. Sculpture
3. Literature
4. Architecture
5. Cinema/Film
6. Music
7. Theater

20. 1. Sculptor uses metal, wood stone, clay, and glass.
Sculptures fall within the category of “three
dimensional” arts.
Three dimensional arts occupy space
and have volume

21. POTTERY IS A FORM OF SCULPTURE. OTHER
EXAMPLES ARE NUDES OR FIGURES SUCH AS
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO’S OBLATION, RITUAL
OBJECTS SUCH AS BULUL WOOD CARVINGS IN THE
CORDILLERA, OR THE SANTOS OR CARVINGS OF
SAINTS IN CHRISTIAN CHURCHES.

22. GUILLERMO TOLENTINO’S OBLATION

23. 2. ARCHITECT USES WOOD, BAMBOO, BRICKS,
STONE, CONCRETE, AND VARIOUS BUILDING
MATERIALS. BUILDINGS ARE ALSO CALLED
“THREE-DIMENSIONAL ARTS” BECAUSE LIKE
SCULPTURE, THEY OCCUPY SPACE AND HAVE
VOLUME.
However, architecture has the added element of
time since we move into the structures.

24. 3. PAINTER USES PIGMENTS (WATERCOLOR, OIL,
TEMPERA, TEXTILE PAINT, ACRYLIC, INK ETC.) ON
A USUALLY FLAT GROUND (WOOD, CANVAS,
PAPER, STONE WALL SUCH AS IN CAVE
PAINTINGS).

25. 4. PRINTMAKER USES INK PRINTED OR
TRANSFERRED ON A SURFACE. (WOOD, METAL
PLATES, OR SILK SCREEN) THAT IS IN KEEPING
WITH A DUPLICATION OR REPRODUCING
PROCESS. PRINTS AND PAINTINGS ARE FURTHER
CLASSIFIED AS “TWO DIMENSIONAL” ARTS,
BECAUSE THEY INCLUDE THE SURFACE OR
GROUND ON WHICH COLORING SUBSTANCES
ARE APPLIED.

26. 5. MUSICIAN USES SOUND AND
INSTRUMENTS (INCLUDING THE HUMAN
VOICE).
A T’BOLI CHANTER SINGS CREATION
STORIES IN A WAY THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM
A CLASSICAL SINGER OR POP MUSIC SINGER
INFLUENCED BY THE WESTERN MUSIC
SCALE.

27. 6. DANCER USES THE BODY AND ITS MOVEMENTS.
DANCE IS OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY MUSIC, BUT
THERE ARE DANCERS THAT DO NOT RELY ON
MUSICAL ACCOMPANIMENT TO BE REALIZED.

28. 7. THEATER ARTIST INTEGRATES ALL
THE ARTS AND USES THE STAGE,
PRODUCTION DESIGN, PERFORMANCE
ELEMENTS, AND SCRIPT TO ENABLE
THE VISUAL, MUSICAL, DANCE AND
OTHER ASPECTS TO COME TOGETHER
AS A WHOLE WORK.

30. 7 TYPES OF THEATER IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• 1. Sarswela
• 2. Epic Poetry
• 3. Duplo
• 4. Moro-moro
• 5. Senakulo
• 6. Traditional Folk Dance
• 7. Bodabil

31. 8. PHOTOGRAPHERS USE THE
CAMERA TO RECORD THE
OUTSIDE WORLD

32. 9. FILMMAKER USES THE CINEMATOGRAPHIC
CAMERA TO RECORD AND PUT TOGETHER
PRODUCTION DESIGN, SOUND ENGINEERING,
PERFORMANCE, AND SCREEN PLAY.

33. IN DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND FILM, THE
IMAGES CAN BE ASSIMILATED INTO THE
COMPUTER, THUS ELIMINATING THE NEED
FOR CELLULOID OR NEGATIVES,
PROCESSING CHEMICALS, OR PRINT

34. 10. WRITER OF A NOVEL,
POETRY, NONFICTION, AND
FICTION USES WORDS.

35. 11. DESIGNER, PERFORMANCE
ARTIST AND INSTALLATION ARTS
COMBINE USE OF THE RANGE OF
MATERIALS ABOVE.

36. •Installation art is an artistic genre of three-
dimensional works that are often site-specific and
designed to transform the perception of a space.
•Installation artwork is generally a collage, a
collection of mediums: painting, sculpture,
video, drawing, photography and even
performance. In fact, the genres of live art,
performance art and installation are often grouped
together.

38. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE CLASSIFICATION
OF ARTS BASE ON THE MEDIUMS:
1.Musical arts
2.Practical arts
3.Environmental arts
4.Pictorial arts
5.Dramatic arts
6.Narrative arts

39. MUSICAL ARTS INCLUDE MUSIC, POETRY AND
DANCE THAT IS ACCOMPANIED BY MUSIC

40. PRACTICAL ARTS USE FOR EVERYDAY AND
BUSINESS LIFE SUCH AS DESIGN, ARCHITECTURE,
AND FURNITURE.

41. ENVIRONMENTAL ARTS OCCUPY SPACE
AND CHANGE IN ITS MEANING AND
FUNCTION DEPENDING ON THEIR
CATEGORIES INCLUDING ARCHITECTURE,
SCULPTURE, AND SITE-SPECIFIC WORKS
SUCH AS INSTALLATIONS AND PUBLIC
ART.

43. PICTORIAL ARTS INCLUDE PAINTING, DRAWING,
GRAPHICS AND STAGE AND PRODUCTION
DESIGN.

44. DRAMATIC ARTS INCLUDE DRAMA,
PERFORMANCE ART, MUSIC, AND DANCE.

45. NARRATIVE ARTS INCLUDE DRAMA,
NOVEL, FICTION, NONFICTION, MUSIC,
AND DANCE.

46. IS THE IN WHICH ARTISTS USE AND MANIPULATE
MATERIALS TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED FORMAL
EFFECT, AND COMMUNICATE THE DESIRED
CONCEPT OR MEANING, ACCORDING TO HIS OR
HER PERSONAL STYLE. THE DISTINCTIVE
CHARACTER OR NATURE OF THE MEDIUM
DETERMINES THE TECHNIQUE. FOR EXAMPLE,
STONE IS CHISELED, WOOD IS CARVED, CLAY IS
MODELED AND SHAPED, METAL IS CAST, AND
THREAD IS WOVEN.
Technique

47. TECHNIQUE INVOLVES TOOLS AND
TECHNOLOGY, RANGING FROM THE MOST
TRADITIONAL (CARVING, SILKSCREEN,
ANALOG, PHOTOGRAPHY AND
FILMMAKING ) TO THE MOST
CONTEMPORARY (DIGITAL
PHOTOGRAPHY, DIGITAL FILMMAKING,
MUSIC PRODUCTION, INDUSTRIAL
DESIGN, AND ROBOTICS).

48. FOR EXAMPLE, THE MURAL FILIPINO STRUGGLES
THROUGH HISTORY ( 1963) BY NATIONAL ARTISTS CARLOS
FRANCISCO DEPICTS ANDRES BONIFACIO LEADING THE
REVOLUTION. IT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF LINE AND COLOR
TO COMMUNICATE DYNAMISM AND INTENSE PASSION, IN
THE EXPRESSIONIST MODERN STYLE.

49. THE BONIFACIO MONUMENT
BY ANOTHER ARTIST,
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
(BELOW)ON THE OTHER HAND,
MAKE USE OF THE CARVING
TO COME UP WITH WORK THAT
HAS MASS AND VOLUME,
ENABLING HIM TO DEPICT THE
SCENE REALISTICALLY
CAPTURING A MOMENT OF
STILLNESS WHEN BONIFACIO
STANDS REFLECTIVELY ON A
SCENE OF DEATH, BUT WITH
GRACE AND DIGNITY
BEFITTING A LEADER IN
NEOCLASSIC STYLE.

50. THE ART CRITIC IS A SYSTEMATIC STUDY
AND ASSESSMENT OF A PIECE OF ART.
ALTHOUGH NO TWO PEOPLE CAN HAVE
THE SAME REACTION TO, OR VIEW, A
WORK OF ART IN THE SAME WAY, THERE
ARE A FEW SIMPLE PRINCIPLES THAT CAN
BE FOLLOWED TO PRODUCE A CRITICAL,
DETAILED CRITIQUE.

51. DESCRIPTION (DESCRIBING THE WORK FOR CRITIQUING)
1.Gather important knowledge about the art
Title of the work
Artist’s name
When the piece was created
Where it was made
The types of media used to create the work (e.g., oil paint on
canvas)
The exact size of the work

52. Title of the work:
Filipino Struggles Through
History
Artist’s name:
Botong Francisco
When the piece was created:
1964
Where it was made:
Manila
The types of media used to
create the work (e.g., oil paint on
canvas):
Oil on canvas
The exact size of the work:
270 cm × 794 cm (110 in
× 313 in)

53. TITLE OF THE WORK:
MONA LISA
ARTIST’S NAME:
LEONARDO DA VINCI
WHEN THE PIECE WAS CREATED:
1503–1506, PERHAPS CONTINUING
UNTIL C. 1517
WHERE IT WAS MADE:
LOUVRE, PARIS
THE TYPES OF MEDIA USED TO CREATE
THE WORK (E.G., OIL PAINT ON
CANVAS):
OIL ON POPLAR PANEL
THE EXACT SIZE OF THE WORK:
77 CM × 53 CM (30 IN × 21 IN)

54. 2. DESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE
Describe the artwork using fair words. "Avoid using words
like "beautiful," "ugly," "good" or "evil."

56. 3. DISCUSS THE WORK'S ELEMENTS.
Explain the work in more detail. Now
describe the work in more detail. Talk
about how art uses these five basic
elements in art and design: line, color,
space, light, and form.

58. 4. DESCRIBE HOW TO USE THE LINE.
Lines in a piece of art may be either explicit or
symbolic. Different types of lines may produce
various moods or effects. The rough, sketchy
lines build a sense of movement and
independence, while the smooth, firm lines
sound more still and carefully designed.

61. 4. DESCRIBE HOW TO USE THE LINE.
The arrangement of figures and objects within
a scene can indicate a line of sight or action.
For e.g., a group of figures all looking or
pointing to same way can create an implied
line that draws your eye through the work in a
direction.

62. 5. SPEAK ABOUT HOW COLOR IS USED IN YOUR WORK.
Note characteristics such as hue (red, green, blue,
etc.), color (lightness or darkness) and strength.
Look at the overall color scheme and think about
how colors fit together. For example, do the colors
clash, or are they harmonious? Does the work use a
variety of colors, or is it monochromatic (all shades
of blue, for example)?

69. 09