Classical dosage forms including Cachets, Lozenges, Tinctures and Snuffs. These 4 dosage forms are described undeer this presentation.

1. CLASSICAL DOSAGE FORMS
ASAD BILAL
Faculty of Pharmacy
University Of Lahore
Asad.bilal14@gmail.com

2. CACHETS
Tincture
SNUFFS

3. A POWDER WAS A SIMPLE WAY TO TAKE MEDICINE.
IT COULD BE STIRRED WITH WATER
AND SWALLOWED. BUT SOME POWDERS HAD A
TERRIBLE TASTE, HOW COULD IT BE
MASKED?????

4. “CACHETS” Were one answer

5. CACHETS
• A seal shaped capsule or wafer made of flour for
enclosing powders of disagreeable taste. The sealed
dosage form is wetted and swallowed.
• There were two types of cachets
Wet-seal
Dry-seal

6. Cachet Machine

7. Wet and Dry-seal
Cachets
Wet-seal were closed
by wetting the flanges
of each half and
joining, with dry-seal
the two halves were
pushed together.

8. • To administer unpleasant and large volume.
e.g. Sodium aminosalicylate and isoniazid
cachets.

9. CAUTION
• Before administration cachet should be
immersed in water for few seconds and then
placed on the tongue and swallowed with
water.

11. Lozenges
• Lozenges are solid preparations that are
intended to dissolve in mouth or pharynx.
They may contain one or more medicaments
in a flavored and sweetened base.
• Intended to treat local irritation or infection of
mouth or pharynx and may also be used for
systemic drug absorption.

12. Classification
Lozenges
Texture &
Composition
Chewy or
Caramel
Compressed
Tablet
Soft
Lozenges
Hard
Candies
Site of
Action
Local Acting
Systematic

13. Chewy or Caramel Based Medicated
Lozenges
• These are the dosage form in which
medicament is incorporated into a caramel
base which is chewed instead of being
dissolved in mouth.

14. Compressed Tablet Lozenges
• If the active ingredient is heat labile, it may be
made into lozenge preparation by
compression.
• The lozenge tablets differ from conventional
tablets in terms of non-disintegrating
characteristics and slower dissolution profiles.

15. Soft Lozenges
• Soft lozenges are either meant for chewing or
for slow dissolution in mouth.
• They can be made from PEG 1000 or 1450,
chocolate or sugar-acacia base while some
soft lozenge formulations can also contain
acacia and silica gel.

16. Hard Candy Lozenges
• Hard candy lozenges are mixtures of sugar and
other carbohydrates in an amorphous
(noncrystalline) or glassy state.
• The moisture content and weight of hard
candy lozenge should be between, 0.5 to 1.5%
and 1.5-4.5g respectively.

17. Medicaments
• Antiseptics
• Local anesthetics
• Antibiotics
• Antihistaminics
• Antitussives
• Analgesics
• Decongestants
• Demulcents

18. Advantages
• Can be given to those patients
who have difficulty in
swallowing.
• Easy to administer to geriatric
and pediatric population.
• Has a pleasant taste.
• It extends the time of drug in
the oral cavity to elicit a specific
effect.
• Easy to prepare, with minimum
amount of equipment and time.
• Do not require water intake for
administration.
• Technique is non invasive, as is
the case with parenterals.

19. Disadvantages
• It could be mistakenly
taken as candy by
children, hence should
be kept out of the reach
of children.
• Possible draining of
drug from oral cavity to
stomach along with
saliva.

20. Tincture

21. Tincture
• These are alcoholic preparations containing
the active principle of vegetable drugs. They
are relatively weak compared with extract.

22. General Method of Preparation
• Herbs are put in a container and a spirit of 40% or
more ethanol is added, for example, 80 proof
vodka or 190 proof rectified spirit.
• The jar is left to stand for 2–3 weeks and shaken
occasionally in order to maximize extraction.
• More accurate measuring can be done by
combining 1 part herbs with a water-ethanol
mixture of 2–10 parts, depending on the herb
itself. For most tinctures, however, 1 part water
to 5 parts ethanol is typical.

23. • Tincture of Benzoin
• Tincture of cannabis
• Tincture of cantharides
• Tincture of iodine
• Tincture of opium
• Camphorated opium
tincture

24. Advantages
• Ethanol is able to dissolve substances which are
less soluble in water, while at the same time the
water content can dissolve the substances less
soluble in ethanol. One can sometimes vary the
proportion of ethanol and water to produce
tinctures with different characteristics due to the
distinct solvent properties of these two.
• The alcohol content also acts as a preservative.

25. Disadvantages
• Ethanol has a tendency to denature some organic
compounds, rendering them so changed as to be
ineffective.
• Certain other constituents, common among
them proteins, can become irreversibly
denatured, or "pickled" in a manner of speaking.
• A basic tenet of organic chemistry teaches that
anytime a biologically viable component is
denatured, it will reduce or negate its prior
biological viability.

26. SNUFFS

27. Snuff
• Snuff is a hygienic preparation of tobacco with
aromatics, perfumes and menthol. It is to be
inhaled through nose.
• Oral snuff is very coarse milled tobacco, not
sniffed but put in the mouth.
• Snuffs vary from moist to dry, and from coarse
to fine and may be natural, or perfumed, or
"medicated“.

28. Types of Snuffs
• Tobacco Snuff: fine-ground tobacco, intended
for consumption by being inhaled or sniffed
into the nose

29. Moist Snuff
Herbal Smokeless Tobacco

31. • One of the best way of giving up smoking is
snuff taking.
• Snuff has great medicinal values.
• it opens up nose quickly and makes a person’s
mind fresh.
• Many European countries are promoting snuff
in order to help people to shift from smoking
to snuff-taking.

32. Sneezing

33. KEEP
CALM
And
FEEL FREE
TO ASK ANY QUESTION