This document discusses classical dosage forms, which are conventional dosage forms prepared without advanced techniques. It describes lozenges as medicated candies dissolved in the mouth to soothe throat irritation. Pills are small, round solids containing medication. Cachets enclose medication within a wafer shell. Draughts are single-dose liquid preparations packaged in larger volumes. Suppositories and pessaries are solid medications inserted into orifices to exert local or systemic effects as they dissolve.

2. CLASSICAL DOSAGE
FORMS
by: Amna Saeed Pharm.D (2009-
2014)
Institute of pharmaceutical Sciences
Lahore College For Women
University

3. DOSAGE FORMS
 Dosage forms are the
means by which drug
molecules are delivered
to sites of action with in
the body.
 The different forms in
which drugs may be
supplied to a patient
 These forms are a
mixture of active drug
components and
nondrug components.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF DOSAGE FORMS
 They are classified
according to Physical
form:
 Solid( tablets, pills
capsules etc)
 Semisolid(ointments,crea
ms etc)
 Liquid (syrup, draughts &
elixirs etc)

5. CLASSICAL DOSAGE FORMS
 They are the
conventional dosage
forms in which no
advanced or
computerized technique
is used for their
preparation.
 These were used in old
days and now their use
is almost obsolete.

6. CLASSICAL DOSAGE FORMS
 LOZENGES
 PILLS
 CACHETS
 VITRELLAE
 DRAUGHTS
 SUPPOSITORIES
 PESSARIES

7. LOZENGES
 cough drop, troche, cachou,
or cough sweet
 A small, medicated candy
intended to be dissolved slowly
in the mouth to lubricate and
soothe irritated tissues of the
throat.

8. TYPES OF LOZENGES
 Hard lozenges ; Hard
lozenges are similar to
hard candy
 Soft lozenges;
 Chewable lozenges;
popular with the
pediatric population
since they are "gummy-type"
lozenges.

9. PREPARATION
Compounded lozenges can be prepared by
molding mixtures of ingredients containing:
 sugars to form a hard lozenge
 polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form a soft
lozenge
 gelatin to form a chewable lozenge

10. LOZENGES
 USE: to temporarily stop coughs
and lubricate and soothe
irritated tissues of the throat
(usually due to a sore throat),
possibly from the common cold
or influenza
 Nicotine lozenges are used to
help people stop smoking.
 NYSTATIN LOZENGES are
used to treat fungal infections

11. LOZENGES
 ADVANTAGES:
 being easy to administer to pediatric and
geriatric patients.
 keeping the drug in contact with the oral
cavity for an extended period of time.
 DISADVANTAGE:
 One disadvantage of using a "gummy-type"
lozenge with children is they may perceive it
as candy and not a serious dosage form.

12. LOZENGES
 Examples:
 Liquorice lozenges
 Bismuth Lozenges
 Strepsils
 Halls

13. PILLS
 Pills are small,
round solid dosage
forms containing a
medicinal agent
and intended to be
administered
orally.

14. PREPARATION
 Pills were made by mixing the active
ingredients with an excipient such as glucose
syrup in a mortar and pestle to form a paste,
then rolling the mass into a long cylindrical
shape (called a "pipe"), and dividing it into
equal portions, which were then rolled into
balls, and often coated with sugar to make
them more palatable

15. PILLS
 Examples
 Ibuprofen (anti-inflammatory)
• Aspirin (anti-inflammatory)
• Melatonin (sleep aid)
• Chlortrimeton (antihistamine)
• Zantac® (ranitidine: histamine
H 2 –receptor)
 Contraceptive pills

16. CATCHETS
 Cachets are the solid unit
dosage forms of medicament
in which drug is enclosed in
tasteless sheet made by
pouring mixture of rice flour
and water between two hot,
polished, revolving cylinders.
Water is evaporated and
sheet of wafer formed is
known is cachet

17. TYPES
 Wet seat cachet:
 Sealed by moistening the
edges with water.
 Dry seal cachet
 Administration:
 A cachet should be
immersed in water for few
seconds and then placed
on the toungue and
swallowed with draught of
water.

18. ADVANTAGE
 They are quite useful for
administering the drugs with
unpleasant taste
 A large dose can be enclosed
in cachet than in a tablet or
capsule.

19. CACHETS
 Examples:
 Sodium amino salicylate cachet.
 Isoniazid cachet.

20. VITRELLAE
 Vitrallae are thin walled
glass capsules
containing a volatile
ingredient and
protected by absorbent
cotton wool and an
outer silk bag.

21. VITRELLAE
 Examples :-
 amyl nitrite vitrellae
 Octyl nitrite vitrellae

22. DRAUGHTS / HAUSTUS
 Liquid oral preparations
packed as a single
dose in separate
containers and in large
volumes are known as
draught.

23. DRAUGHTS
 A draught is an older term used to describe a
liquid preparation formulated as a single
dose, in a volume which is larger than
generally utilised intraditional mixture
formulations
 Each draught was usually supplied in a 50mL
unit dose container

24. DRAUGHTS
 Examples:
 Ipecacuanha emetic
draughts-BPC
(Treatment of poison)
o the normal dose is 10 or
15 ml and therefore a
multiple dose volume is
prescribed.

25. DRAUGHTS
 Malefern draught-Emulsion
 Paraldehyde draughts- Oxidized to acetic
acid and cause death.
 PRECAUTION: Do not use, if the solution is
discolored

26. SUPPOSITORIES
 Suppositories are
medicated, solid bodies
of various sizes and
shapes suitable for
introduction into body
cavities other than
mouth, where they melt,
soften, or dissolve and
exert localized or
systemic effects.

27. SUPPOSITORY BASES
 The medicament is
incorporated into a base
such as
 cocoa butter: which melts
at body temperature.
 glycerinated gelatin or
PEG: which slowly
dissolves in the mucous
secretions

28. TYPES OF SUPPOSITORIES
Rectal suppositories for adults
weigh 2 gm and are torpedo
shape.
 Children's suppositories weigh
about 1 gm.
 Vaginal suppositories or
Pessaries weigh about 3-5gm
 Urethral suppositories called
bougies are pencil shape. Those
intended for males weigh 4 gm
each and are 100-150 mm long.

29. TYPES OF SUPPOSITORIES
 Nasal suppositories: called
nasal bougies or buginaria
meant for introduction in to
nasal cavity.
Ear cones:
 Aurinaria and meant for
introduction into ear.
 Rarely used

30. SUPPOSITORIES
ADVANTAGES:
_ Can exert local effect on rectal mucosa.
_ Used to promote evacuation of bowel.
_ Avoid any gastrointestinal irritation.
_ Can be used in unconscious patients.
_ Can be used for systemic absorption of drugs
and avoid first-pass metabolism.
− People suffering from severe nausea or
vomiting.

31. SUPPOSITORIES
 DISADVANTAGES :
− The problem of patient acceptability.
− Suppositories are not suitable for patients
suffering from diarrhea.
 Incomplete absorption may be obtained
because suppository usually promotes
evacuation of the bowel.

32. SUPPOSITORIES
 Examples
 Alprostadil pellets
 paracetamol ,diclofenac, opiates,
and eucalyptol suppositories

33. PESSARIES
 Pessaries are a type
of suppository
intended for vaginal
use
 Pessaries weigh
about 3-5gm

34. PREPARATION
 PESSARIES are:
 Molded in globular or
oviform shape
 Compressed on a
tablet press into
conical shapes.

35. USES
Common ingredients for inclusion in pessaries
for local action include:
 antiseptics
 contraceptive agents
 local anaesthetics
 various therapeutic agents to treat
infections.

36. PESSARIES
 EXAMPLES:
 Cotrimazole pessary:for
treatment of thrush.
 clindamycin vaginal
suppository.
 Clindamycin &
cotrimazole vaginal
suppository.

37. REFEREENCES
 BOOKS:
 REMINGTONSCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF
PHARMACY
 ANSEL’S PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.
 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICS-I BY ASHOK
K.GUPTA
 COOPER AND GUNN’S DISPENSING FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL STUDENTS
 NET:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessary
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pill_(pharmacy)
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppository
 http://pharmlabs.unc.edu/labs/suppository/routes.htm