This document discusses crop production and management practices. It defines a crop as a cultivated plant grown commercially on a large scale, like wheat, maize, cabbage, apples and grapes. Crops are categorized into kharif crops, which are sown during the rainy season from June to September, like paddy and soybean, and rabi crops, which are grown in winter, like wheat and gram. The seven main agricultural practices are: 1) soil preparation through tilling, 2) sowing seeds using traditional funnels or modern seed drills, 3) adding manure and fertilizers, 4) irrigation through sprinklers or drip systems, 5) weed control through tilling or weedicides, 6)

1. CHAPTER 1
CROP PRODUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT

2. What is a crop?
 Crop is a cultivated plant of the same kind that is grown on a large scale
commercially. Example: Wheat and Maize(cereals), Cabbage and ginger
(Vegetables), Apple and Grapes (Fruits).

3. Types of Crops
 There are two types of crops:
1. Kharif Crops: The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called as
Kharif Crops. E.g., Paddy, Maize, Soyabean etc.
- Rainy season in India is usually from June to September.
2. Rabi Crops: The crops which are grown during winter season are
called as Rabi Crops. E.g., Wheat, Gram, Pea etc.

5. What are Agricultural Practices?
 Agricultural Practices are the activities that are undertaken by the
farmers over a period of time in order to cultivate and manage the
crop.
 There are 7 steps in the agriculture practices in general. They are:
1. Preparation of Soil:
 In this step, the hard soil is turned and loosened because it will later
help the roots of the plant penetrate inside the soil deeper and also
breathe easily. The process of turning and loosening the soil is called as
Tilling or Ploughing.
 It also helps in the growth of earthworm and microbes present in soil
which help in decomposition of dead plants and animals.

7. 2. Sowing
 Sowing is placing seeds in the soil.
 Before sowing, good seeds should be selected and separated
from seeds that are damaged.
 Good quality seeds are those seeds that give high yield.
Q. How do we select good quality seeds?
Ans. We can select good quality seeds by putting all the seeds in
a vessel containing water. The damaged seeds which are eaten
by insects are hollow inside so it is lighter and will float at the
surface of water. The good seeds will sink at the bottom.
 Traditionally, funnel-shaped tool is used for sowing, but these
days a Seed Drill is used. Its advantage is that the seeds are
sowed uniformly at equal distance and depth and it also saves
labour and time.

8. 3. Adding manure and fertilisers

9. Differences between
manure and fertilisers

10.  Disadvantages of fertilisers
 Leaving the Land Fallow
 Crop Rotation

11.  4. Irrigation
The supply of water to crops at
regular intervals is called as
irrigation.
Irrigational tools

12.  Modern methods of irrigation
1. Sprinkler System
- System where pipes are installed that
sprinkles water on crops through nozzles
- Mostly used on uneven land
2. Drip System
- System where water falls drop by drop at
the roots of crops.

13.  5. Protecting from Weeds
Tilling

14.  Weedicides
6. Harvesting
Methods of Harvesting

15.  Threshing

16.  7. Storage
 Granaries
 Animal Husbandry