This document discusses crop production and management. It defines a crop as plants of the same kind cultivated on a large scale in a field. There are two main types of crops: kharif crops grown during the rainy season like rice, maize, and cotton, and rabi crops grown during the winter like wheat, gram, and mustard. Crop production involves agricultural practices throughout the year including soil preparation, sowing, adding fertilizers and manure, irrigation, weed protection, harvesting, and storage. Fertilizers are manufactured inorganic salts that provide nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while manure is a natural substance obtained from decomposing animal waste that provides humus and nutrients to soil.

1. CLASS 8 CHAPTER 1
CROP PRODUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
MADE BY Dhanvir singh

2. • When plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place
on a large scale, it is called a CROP. For example, crop of
wheat means that all the plants grown in a field are that
of wheat.
WHAT DO YOU MEANBY A CROP ?

3. NAME THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPES FOUND?
There are mainly 2 types of crop known as :
(i) Kharif Crops : The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif
crops. The rainy season in India is generally from June to September. Paddy, maize,
soyabean, groundnut and cotton are kharif crops.
(ii) Rabi Crops : The crops grown in the winter season (October to March) are called
rabi crops. Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseed.
Besides these, pulses and vegetables are grown during summer at many places.

4. Basic Practices of Crop Production
• Cultivation of crops involves several activities undertaken by farmers over a period of time. You may find that
these activities are similar to those carried out by a gardener or even by you when you grow ornamental
plants in your house. These activities or tasks are referredto as agricultural practices which are listed below:
(i) Preparation of soil
(ii) Sowing
(iii) Adding manure and fertilisers
(iv) Irrigation
(v) Protecting from weeds
(vi) Harvesting
(vii) Storage

5. DIFFRENCIATE BETWEEN FERTILISERS AND MANURE
POINTS OF
DIFFERENCE
FERTILISERS MANURE
HOW IT IS MADEE
MADEE
Fertiliser is a man-made inorganic salt. Manure is a natural substance obtained by the
obtained by the decomposition of cattle dung,
cattle dung, human waste and plant residues.
WHERE IT IS
PREPARED
Fertiliser is prepared in factories Manure can be prepared in the fields
HUMUS PROVIDED
PROVIDED
Fertiliser does not provide any humus to the soil. Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil
NUTRIENTS
PROVIDED
Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen,. phosphorus and
phosphorus and potassium.
Manure is relatively less rich in plant nutrients.