Deforestation involves clearing forests to obtain wood for fuel, construction, and making way for agriculture. This causes problems like increased carbon dioxide and global warming, loss of habitats, and increased temperatures. Drought is a prolonged shortage of water that damages ecosystems and agriculture. Desertification transforms fertile land into desert through processes like drought, deforestation and climate change. Conservation efforts aim to protect forests, wildlife, and biodiversity through practices like establishing biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries.

1. CONSERVATION OF
PLANTS AND
ANIMALS

2. Deforestation
Procuring land for cultivation.
Building houses and factories.
Making furniture or using wood as fuels
Deforestation, the clearing or thinning of forests by
humans. Deforestation represents one of the largest
issues in global land use.They are cut down to obtain
wood for using fuel.The forest trees are cut down to
obtain more agricultural land for cultivation of crops
for the increasing population
Trees in the forest are cut for
some of the purposes-

3. Consequences of
deforestation
It increases the level of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
They remembered that deforestation increases the
tempereature
and pollution level on the earth.
Loss of habitat of wild animals.
Increase in temperature and Global Warming.
The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause
climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer
crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, and a host of problems for indigenous
people.

4. Drought
Drought is shortly the unusual dryness of soil due
to the levels of rainfall. Drought occurs when
rainfall is significantly below average over a
prolonged period. It is an event of shortages in
the water supply, surface water, or groundwater.
A drought can last for years, months or days.
Shortage of water, Dry and hot winds, rise in
temperature, and consequent evaporation of
moisture from the ground contribute to
conditions of drought.Droughts also result in crop
failure too. Droughts have a major impact on the
ecosystem and agriculture of the affected
regions. Also, droughts harm the local economy
of the region. Droughts are considered a natural
disaster as it disturbs our whole ecosystem.

5. Desertification is the degradation process by
which a fertile land changes itself into a desert by
losing its flora and fauna, this can be caused by
drought, deforestation, climate change, human
activities or improper agriculture. ... Desertification
takes place when a particular type of biome
converts into a desert biome.It is caused by a
variety of factors, such as climate change and
human activities.
Desertification

6. Environmental Conservation.
Animal conservation.
Marine Conservation.
Human Conservation
Wildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild
species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife
species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance
natural ecosystems.Wildlife conservation refers to the practice
of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to
maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore,
protect or enhance natural ecosystems..
Here are some types of conservation-
Conservation of Forest
and Wildlife

7. Biosphere Reserve
BIOSPHERE RESERVE
Biosphere reserve are the areas meant for
conservation of biodiversity.for
examples:wildlife ,plant and animal
resources together wth traditional life of
all tribals.A biosphere may consists of
other protected areas such as National
Parks and Sanctuaries.
BIO DIVERSITY
Biodiversity provides functioning
ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air
and water, pollination of plants, pest
control, wastewater treatment and many
ecosystem services. Recreation—many
recreational pursuits rely on our unique
biodiversity , such as birdwatching,
hiking, camping and fishing.

8. Pachmarhi Biosphere
Reserve is a non-use
conservation area and
biosphere reserve in the
Satpura Range of Madhya
Pradesh state he
conservation area was
created in 1999 by the
Indian government. It also
contains animals from the
himalayan peaks and from
the lower western ghats.

9. Maintains Ecological Balance
Expansion of Local Economies
Aesthetic Value
Flora:Flora: flora means the plants naturally occurring in a particular
area.EX:grasslands ,forests,flowering and non-flowering plants and
trees.
Fauna:Fauna means the animals naturally living in that
area.EX:- birds, animals, fish, insects, etc.
Importance of Flora and Fauna
Flora and Fauna

10. Endemic Species:
Endemic species are those species
of plants and animals which are found
exclusively in a particular area.They are
not found found naturally anywhere
else. The plants and animals which are
found only in a particular area are said
to be endemic to that area.
Extinct Species:
The species which no longer exist
anywhere on the earth are called
extinct species. The extinct species
may be of animals or plants. A type of
animal which no longer exist on earth is
called an extinct
animals.Ex:Dinosaur,Dodo ,Woolly
Mammoth
Endemic and Extinct species

11. Wildlife Sanctuary
Wildlife sanctuaries provide protection and suitable
living conditions to wild animals. Sanctuaries are
places where killing (poaching) or capturing of
animals is strictly
prohibited.Wildlife sanctuaries are used to protect
and conserve wildlife in their natural habitats. It is also
known as a natural reserve, biosphere reserve or a
nature conservation area.

12. National Park
National parks provide a haven for wildlife away from
civilization. India has currently over 100 national parks
distributed across the country, stretching across various
biomes.
National parks are areas that aim to protect the natural
environment. They are also involved in public recreation and
enjoyment activities.
National park is a protected territory that is formed by the
governing bodies to preserve wildlife and evolve them.
A national park is a relatively large area of scenic beauty
protected and maintained by the Government to preserve flora
and fauna, landscape, historic objects of the area and places of
scientific interest.

13. Project Tiger
Project tiger was launched by the goverment to protect
the tigers in the country.The objective of this project was to
ensure the survival and maintence of the tiger population
in the country.Project Tiger is a tiger conservation
programme launched in April 1 1973 by the Government of
India.
Project Tiger has been undertaken by more than fifty
national parks, and every park is putting an equal effort to
save the endangered species. Increasing four thousand
tigers in the past few years is one of the landmark
achievement of the project.

14. Endangered animals
and Ecosystem
ENDANGERED ANIMALS
An endangered species is a species (a
population) of animals, plants or other
organisms that is in danger of
becoming extinct. This could happen
because there are few of that animal
left, its predators have grown in
number, or the climate that it lives in is
changing, or the places it lives in have
been destroyed.
An ecosystem is made of all the
plants,animals and microorganisms in an
area along with non-living components
such as climate,soil,river deltas etc.
Intresting facts about ecosystem:
*Coral reefs are beautifu and fragile
*Half of the world's species is live in
tropical rainforest.
*There is ecosystem even in big cities.
ECOSYSTEM

15. The Red Data Book is the state document established for documenting rare and
endangered species of animals, plants and fungi as well as some local sub-
species that exist within the territory of the state or country.
Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered
animals and plants.
Some of the endangered species of animals listed in Red Data Book are Flying
squirrel,Indian giant squirrel, Black buck, Himalayan musk deer, Great Indian
rhinoceros, Snow leopard, Tiger etc.
Red Data Book-

16. Migration-
Migration-
Birds and animals travel from their own habitat to a
different habitat due to several reasons at a certain
period of the year.
This phenomenon is called migration and the
species that migrate are called migrators.
The movement of organisms in large numbers from one
place to another place is termed as migration. There are
many reasons for migration. The term migration is
mainly used to define regular and periodic movements
of the population away from or back to their place of
origin. OR

17. Recycling of Paper
Today over half of the total paper used by humans is collected and recycled.
Paper is considered to be the major component of solid waste and makes 50%
of the garbage in landfills.
What is the process of Recycling paper
Paper is recycled by taking it to the recycling plant where it is separated and then the
separated paper is cleaned and washed with soap to break it down. After breaking
down, it is exposed to heat and after some time it breaks down into cellulose.
Recycle is an essential method to minimize waste accumulation and reduce pollution.
We can recycle old newspapers, notebooks and used envelopes. Paper contaminated
with food, carbon paper and stickers cannot be recycled.

18. STEPS OF
RECYCLING PAPER
04
02
03
05
06
01
Paper is collected from different garbage bins
and is accumulated in a large garbage
container.
Then the paper is taken to the recycling
plant where the paper is segregated into
different grades.
Papers in different grades are then washed with
soap and water to remove ink, staples, and glue. It
is then mixed with water to create a slurry.
On adding some specific materials and chemicals
to the slurry, different paper products such as
cardboard, office paper, etc. can be obtained.
The slurry is then rolled into thin
sheets using large rollers.
Then the paper is exposed to heat for
drying up and after that, it is cut into
pieces and is made ready to use again.

19. Reforestation
What is Reforesation?
Reforestation is the process of regenerating or replanting forest
areas that have been destroyed or damaged for the benefits of
mankind. Occasionally forests have the capability to regenerate
due to the trees in the surroundings or due to the dispersion of
seeds. However, forest lands that are badly degraded cannot be
regenerated unless plants have been planted by using native
methods.
Importance of Reforestation-
Reforestation is a very important procedure in order
to save our planet. This is needed as huge forests are
being destroyed or damaged due to various reasons
on a daily basis. Removal of the green cover from the
surface of the earth has become common due to
various reasons such as forest fires, agricultural
needs, human needs, logging, and mining.

21. MCQ'S
TOTAL
QUESTIONS:5Q

22. THE CLEARING
OF FORESTS IS
REFERRED TO AS
1.Reforestation
2.Desertification
3.Deforestation
4.Sanitation

23. THE REDUCTION
IN RAINFALL
COULD CAUSE
1.Drought
2. Cold
3. Greenery
4.None of these

24. PROJECT
TIGER WAS
LAUNCHED
ON
1. June 2,1970
2. April 1, 1973
3. August 15, 1969
4.July 1, 1973

25. [ i ] species
[ ii ] dogs
[ i ] flora
[ ii ] fauna
[ i ]fauna
[ ii ] humans
[ i ] fauna
[ ii ] flora
[ I ]THE PLANTS FOUND IN
A PARTICULAR AREA ARE
TERMED AS-
[ II ]THE ANIMAL FOUND IN
A PARTICULAR AREA ARE
TERMED AS-

26. THOSE SPECIES OF
PLANTS AND ANIMALS
THAT ARE FOUND
EXCLUSIVELY IN A
PARTICULAR AREA ARE
TERMED AS
1. endemic species
2.exclusive species
3. particular species
4.significant species

27. TRUE
OR
FALSE
4 questions

28. true false
Red Data Book keeps a record of all
endangered plants and animals.

29. Wildlife sanctuary and national park are
protected areas.
true false

30. The project tiger was launched on dec 2
2004.
true false

31. Reforestation increases the temperature
and pollution level on earth.
true false

32. FILL
UPS
3 Questions

33. question #1
_____________birds fly to far away areas every
year during a particular time because of climatic
changes.
Fill ups
Migratory
Red

34. question #2
We should save, reuse and _________ paper to
save trees, energy and water.
recycle
reduce

35. question # 3
. Passenger pigeon is one of the _________
species
extinct
endangered

36. Short Type
Questions
ै1.What are wildlife Sanctuary?
2.What is an Ecosystem?
3.What is Red data book?
4.What is Endemic species and Extinct species?
Give Examples.
5.Why do migratory birds migrate from one place to
another?Give two Reasons.
6.What is Desterfication?

37. Thank you
Thank you