The document discusses the various steps involved in crop production, including preparing the soil, selecting and sowing seeds, providing manure and irrigation, weeding, harvesting, threshing, winnowing, and storage. The key steps are: 1) Preparing the soil through turning and loosening. 2) Selecting high quality seeds and sowing them at the proper depth and distance. 3) Providing manure and fertilizers to the soil and irrigating the crops using methods like sprinklers or drip irrigation. 4) Removing unwanted weeds that compete with crops for resources. 5) Harvesting mature crops, separating grains from plants through threshing, and removing chaff from grains through

2. PRODUCTION OF CROPS
As you all know that each and every living organism is totally dependent
Upon food which we eat we get through plants and animal .
So in this we will learn:
Methods of crop production
 Preparation of soil
 Seed selection and sowing
 Manuring and irrigation
 Weeding
 Harvesting ,threshing and winnowing
 Storage

3. METHODS OF CROP PRODUCTION
Basically there are step by step methods of agriculture and they are:
 1. Preparation of soil
 2. Seed selection and sowing
 3. Manuring
 4. Irrigation
 5. Weeding
 6.Protection from pest and diseases
 7. Harvesting ,threshing and winnowing
 8. Storage

4. PREPARATION OF SOIL
Soil anchors the root if plant ,provides water and nutrients to plant and also it provide
oxygen to roots.The microbes and other organism such as earthworm in the soil help
to keep it fertile and also earthworm are also known as friend of farmers .
There are two methods which is involved in preparation of soil :
 Turning of soil
 Loosening of soil

5. SEED SELECTION AND SOWING
Once the soil is prepared ,the next work is of selection of seed and sowing of
seed in the proper way. So these way are :
 Quality of seed should be good and free from all diseases .
 Seed should be planted at the proper depth so that it can respire and
could not be eaten by birds.
 Proper amount of water should be given ,not so much or so less.
 Every seed should be sown at proper distance . If the seed will be sown
at high distance so it will be wastage of field, and if it will be sown very
closely then the seed will not get proper nutrients

6. MANURING AND IRRIGATION
Plants require nutrition for their growth .Soil gives all these nutrients to the plants. So for proper
growth of plants will require proper soil ,so first we have to maintain the soil first. Natural methods of
providing proper nutrition to the field are:
 FIELD FALLOW
 CROP ROTATION
 MIXED CROPING
After this we can provide different types of Fertilizers and Manures to the plants.
Plant also need proper supplying of water to them.
There are different methods of supplying water to the plants ,they are:
 1. SPRINKLER SYSTEM
 2. TUBEWELLS
 3. DRIP IRRIGATION

7. WEEDING
Weeds are unwanted plants which grows along with crops.
They compete with crops for water ,minerals and sunlight
and therefore they reduces crop yield . They spread very
fast . So it is necessary to remove them . Different type
of weeds grows with different crops.
Weeds can be removed by pulling it out by hands
or by instruments such as trowel or a harrow.

8. HARVESTING,
THRESHING AND
WINNOWING
Once the crop matured, it is harvested , i.e. cut and gathered .This can be
done by manually or by using machine called harvester.
Next , the grain is separated from the cut crop using thresher.
After threshing , the grain has to be separated from the chaff by manually
Which is called winnowing.
After harvesting the crop , often stubs are left in the field which are burnt
By the farmers.

9. STORAGE
food grain normally contain more moisture than
for storage . The excess moisture is removed
ng the food grain in the sun. If you will not
food grain it can be spoilt by microbes.
age of crop is also very important topic for the