The document outlines the basic concepts of crop production and management, detailing the two main types of crops: kharif and rabi. It emphasizes essential agricultural practices, including soil preparation, sowing, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weeding, harvesting, and storage. Additionally, it distinguishes between manure and fertilizers and discusses agricultural implements such as ploughs and hoes.

1. WELCOMEWELCOME

2. CROPCROP
PRODUCTION &PRODUCTION &
MANAGEMENTSMANAGEMENTS

3. AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
PRACTICESPRACTICES
1)1) When plants of the sameWhen plants of the same
kind are grown andkind are grown and
cultivated at the one placecultivated at the one place
on a large scale, it is called aon a large scale, it is called a
crop.crop.
2)2) There are two types of crop:-There are two types of crop:-
i.i. Kharif Crop:-The crop whichKharif Crop:-The crop which
are grown in rainy seasonare grown in rainy season
are called kharif crop. Someare called kharif crop. Some
example are paddy, maize,example are paddy, maize,
soyabean etc.soyabean etc.
ii.ii. Rabi Crop:-The crops whichRabi Crop:-The crops which
are gown in winter seasonare gown in winter season
are called rabi crop. Someare called rabi crop. Some
example are wheat, gram,example are wheat, gram,
pea etc.pea etc.

4. BASIC PRACTICES OFBASIC PRACTICES OF
CROP PRODUCTIONCROP PRODUCTION
i.i. Preparation of soil.Preparation of soil.
ii.ii. Sowing.Sowing.
iii.iii. Adding manure andAdding manure and
fertilisers.fertilisers.
iv.iv. Irrigation.Irrigation.
v.v. Protecting from weeds.Protecting from weeds.
vi.vi. HarvestingHarvesting
vii.vii. Storage.Storage.

5. PREPARATION OF SOILPREPARATION OF SOIL
i.i. It is the first step beforeIt is the first step before
growing crop.growing crop.
ii.ii. One of the mostOne of the most
important task inimportant task in
agriculture is to turn theagriculture is to turn the
soil and loosen it.soil and loosen it.
iii.iii. This allows the roots toThis allows the roots to
penetrate deep into thepenetrate deep into the
soil.soil.

6. SOWINGSOWING
i.i. Sowing is the mostSowing is the most
important part ofimportant part of
crop production.crop production.
ii.ii. Before sowingBefore sowing
good quality seedsgood quality seeds
are selected.are selected.
iii.iii. Good quality seedsGood quality seeds
are clean andare clean and
healthy seeds of ahealthy seeds of a
good variety.good variety.

7. ADDING MANURE &ADDING MANURE &
FERTILISERSFERTILISERS
i.i. The substance which areThe substance which are
added to the soil in theadded to the soil in the
form of nutrients for theform of nutrients for the
healthy growth of the planthealthy growth of the plant
are called manure andare called manure and
fertilisers.fertilisers.
ii.ii. Soil supplies mineralSoil supplies mineral
nutrients to the crop.nutrients to the crop.
iii.iii. These nutrients areThese nutrients are
essential for the growth ofessential for the growth of
plant.plant.

8. IRRIGATIONIRRIGATION
i.i. The supply of water toThe supply of water to
crops at different interval iscrops at different interval is
called irrigation.called irrigation.
ii.ii. The time and frequency ofThe time and frequency of
irrigation varies from cropirrigation varies from crop
to crop, soil to soil andto crop, soil to soil and
season to season.season to season.
iii.iii. In summer the frequency ofIn summer the frequency of
watering is higher.watering is higher.

9. PROTECTING FROMPROTECTING FROM
WEEDSWEEDS
i.i. In field many otherIn field many other
undesirable plants mayundesirable plants may
grow naturally along withgrow naturally along with
the crop. Thesethe crop. These
undesirable plants areundesirable plants are
called weeds.called weeds.
ii.ii. The removable of weeds isThe removable of weeds is
called weeding.called weeding.
iii.iii. Weeds are also controlledWeeds are also controlled
by using certainby using certain
chemicals, calledchemicals, called
weedicide.weedicide.

10. HARVESTINGHARVESTING
i.i. Harvesting of crops isHarvesting of crops is
an important task.an important task.
ii.ii. The cutting of cropsThe cutting of crops
after mature is calledafter mature is called
harvesting.harvesting.
iii.iii. Harvesting in ourHarvesting in our
country is either donecountry is either done
manually by sickle ormanually by sickle or
by a machine calledby a machine called
harvester.harvester.

11. STORAGESTORAGE
i.i. Proper storage of grains isProper storage of grains is
necessary to protect themnecessary to protect them
from pests andfrom pests and
microorganisms.microorganisms.
ii.ii. Large scale storage ofLarge scale storage of
grains is done in silos andgrains is done in silos and
granaries.granaries.
iii.iii. Dried neem leaves are useDried neem leaves are use
for storing food grains atfor storing food grains at
home.home.

12. FERTILISERSFERTILISERS
 A fertiliser is an organicA fertiliser is an organic
salt.salt.
 A fertiliser is prepared inA fertiliser is prepared in
factories.factories.
 A fertiliser does notA fertiliser does not
provide any humus to theprovide any humus to the
soil.soil.
 Fertilisers are very rich inFertilisers are very rich in
plant nutrient likeplant nutrient like
nitrogen, phosphorusnitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium.and potassium.
MANUREMANURE
 Manure is a naturalManure is a natural
substance obtain bysubstance obtain by
decomposition of cattledecomposition of cattle
dung, human waste anddung, human waste and
plant residues.plant residues.
 Manure can be preparedManure can be prepared
in the field.in the field.
 Manure provides lots ofManure provides lots of
humus in the soil.humus in the soil.
 Manure is relatively notManure is relatively not
rich in plant neutrients.rich in plant neutrients.

13. 1)1) Why can paddy not be grown in winterWhy can paddy not be grown in winter
season?season?
 Paddy requires a lot of water. Therefore, it isPaddy requires a lot of water. Therefore, it is
grown only in rainy season.grown only in rainy season.
2)2) What are agriculture practices?What are agriculture practices?
 When a gardener grow ornamental plants inWhen a gardener grow ornamental plants in
our house. The activities that he perform areour house. The activities that he perform are
referred to agriculture practices.referred to agriculture practices.

14. AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
IMPLEMENTSIMPLEMENTS
 PLOUGE:- This is being usedPLOUGE:- This is being used
since ancient times for tiling thesince ancient times for tiling the
soil, adding fertilisers to the crop,soil, adding fertilisers to the crop,
removing the weeds, scraping ofremoving the weeds, scraping of
soil, etc. This implement is madesoil, etc. This implement is made
of wood and drawn by the pair ofof wood and drawn by the pair of
bull.bull.
 HOE:- It is simple tool which isHOE:- It is simple tool which is
used for removing weeds andused for removing weeds and
loosening the soil.loosening the soil.

15. MORDERN METHOD OFMORDERN METHOD OF
IRRIGATIONIRRIGATION

16. TRADITIONAL METHODTRADITIONAL METHOD
OFOF
IRRIGATIONIRRIGATION

17. AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
IMPLEMENTSIMPLEMENTS
(PICTURES)(PICTURES)

18. OLD METHOD OFOLD METHOD OF
IRRIGATIONIRRIGATION