This presentation summarizes information on chilli breeding in 3 points:
1. It discusses the origin, genomic information, floral biology, varieties, nutritional value, breeders' challenges and objectives, and common breeding methods for chilli.
2. It provides an overview of chilli production in Bangladesh and worldwide, and describes breeding practices used in Bangladesh and other countries.
3. It outlines a research activity on heterosis breeding in chilli to improve fruit traits, and discusses constraints and opportunities in chilli breeding.
Chillies are an important crop scientifically classified under the plant kingdom, angiosperms, order Solanales, family Solanaceae, genus Capsicum. The document discusses several Capsicum species including C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and their importance, cultivation, breeding objectives and varieties in India. It provides details on the floral biology, breeding methods, objectives and strategies used in chilli breeding programs. It concludes with an overview of major chilli varieties cultivated across different states in India.
1. The document discusses breeding objectives in chili pepper such as higher yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and improved quality.
2. Case studies on breeding for resistance to diseases like anthracnose and viruses are presented. Sources of resistance to bacterial spot, Phytophthora root rot, and other stresses were identified.
3. Breeding methods discussed include pure line selection, pedigree breeding, backcrossing, and marker-assisted breeding. Achievements include new varieties with resistance to multiple stresses.
This document provides an overview of brinjal/eggplant, including its taxonomy, origin, distribution, floral biology, breeding techniques, objectives, and major research centers. It discusses that brinjal is a self-pollinated crop native to India that is an important vegetable worldwide. Common breeding objectives are to develop varieties with high yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance, and preferred fruit qualities. Key breeding methods include pure line selection, pedigree, bulk, backcrossing, and heterosis. Major research on brinjal is conducted in India, Taiwan, and other Asian and North American countries.
This document provides information on chilli breeding in India. It discusses the botanical details of chilli and its importance as a crop rich in nutrients and used widely in curries. It presents data on the area and production of chilli in India from 2010-2015. It then outlines some common chilli breeding methods and objectives such as developing early maturity, high yield, and stress resistance. The document concludes by describing several popular chilli varieties developed in India, including Arka Lohit, Arka Sweta, Arka Harita, and Arka Suphal, as well as some chilli hybrids like TNAU Hybrid Chilli CO 1, Arka Meghana, Pusa Jwala, and
This document discusses various breeding techniques used in vegetable crops including mass selection, bulk method, pedigree method, pure-line selection, synthetic populations, composite cross, line breeding, and backcrossing. The objectives of plant breeding are to develop varieties with high yield, early maturity, disease and pest resistance, and good quality traits. Different vegetable crops are either self-pollinated or cross-pollinated, requiring different breeding approaches.
This document provides information on brinjal (eggplant), including its botanical classification, origins in India, distribution, uses, and breeding. Some key points:
- Brinjal is an important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated across Asia, especially in India. It has been cultivated in India for over 4,000 years.
- It is classified botanically as Solanum melongena in the family Solanaceae. Major brinjal growing states in India include Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
- Breeding efforts aim to develop varieties with traits like high yield, disease resistance, fruit quality. Popular released varieties include Pusa Purple Long, Arka Navne
Total eight Vavilovian centers of origin for crop plants. This regions includes all cultivated vegetables crops. Domesticated plants differ from their wild progenitors in several morphophysiological traits, most of which are
associated with seed retention, dormancy and germination, growth habit, size, colour, and/or edibility of economically
important organs. Crop wild relatives includes crop ancestors as well as other species more or less closely related to crops. they may be from different gene pools.They are a critical source of genes for resistance to diseases, pests and stresses such as drought and extreme temperatures
Grafting is a method employed to improve crop production. Grafting of vegetable seedlings is a unique horticultural technology practiced for many years in East Asia to overcome issues associated with intensive cultivation using limited arable land.The first grafted vegetable seedlings used were for Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) plants grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria L. rootstock to overcome Fusarium wilt. Since then, the use of grafted solanaceous and cucurbitaceous seedlings has spread, with the practice mainly used in Asia, Europe, and North America. The expansion of grafting is likely due to its ability to provide tolerance to biotic stress, such as soilborne pathogens, and to abiotic stresses, such as cold, salinity, drought, and heavy metal toxicity, due to the resistance found in the rootstock. Many aspects related to rootstock/scion interactions are poorly understood, which can cause loss of fruit quality, reduced production, shorter postharvest time, and, most commonly, incompatibility between rootstock and scion. The rootstock and scion cultivars must be chosen with care to avoid loss.
Chillies are an important crop scientifically classified under the plant kingdom, angiosperms, order Solanales, family Solanaceae, genus Capsicum. The document discusses several Capsicum species including C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and their importance, cultivation, breeding objectives and varieties in India. It provides details on the floral biology, breeding methods, objectives and strategies used in chilli breeding programs. It concludes with an overview of major chilli varieties cultivated across different states in India.
1. The document discusses breeding objectives in chili pepper such as higher yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and improved quality.
2. Case studies on breeding for resistance to diseases like anthracnose and viruses are presented. Sources of resistance to bacterial spot, Phytophthora root rot, and other stresses were identified.
3. Breeding methods discussed include pure line selection, pedigree breeding, backcrossing, and marker-assisted breeding. Achievements include new varieties with resistance to multiple stresses.
This document provides an overview of brinjal/eggplant, including its taxonomy, origin, distribution, floral biology, breeding techniques, objectives, and major research centers. It discusses that brinjal is a self-pollinated crop native to India that is an important vegetable worldwide. Common breeding objectives are to develop varieties with high yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance, and preferred fruit qualities. Key breeding methods include pure line selection, pedigree, bulk, backcrossing, and heterosis. Major research on brinjal is conducted in India, Taiwan, and other Asian and North American countries.
This document provides information on chilli breeding in India. It discusses the botanical details of chilli and its importance as a crop rich in nutrients and used widely in curries. It presents data on the area and production of chilli in India from 2010-2015. It then outlines some common chilli breeding methods and objectives such as developing early maturity, high yield, and stress resistance. The document concludes by describing several popular chilli varieties developed in India, including Arka Lohit, Arka Sweta, Arka Harita, and Arka Suphal, as well as some chilli hybrids like TNAU Hybrid Chilli CO 1, Arka Meghana, Pusa Jwala, and
This document discusses various breeding techniques used in vegetable crops including mass selection, bulk method, pedigree method, pure-line selection, synthetic populations, composite cross, line breeding, and backcrossing. The objectives of plant breeding are to develop varieties with high yield, early maturity, disease and pest resistance, and good quality traits. Different vegetable crops are either self-pollinated or cross-pollinated, requiring different breeding approaches.
This document provides information on brinjal (eggplant), including its botanical classification, origins in India, distribution, uses, and breeding. Some key points:
- Brinjal is an important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated across Asia, especially in India. It has been cultivated in India for over 4,000 years.
- It is classified botanically as Solanum melongena in the family Solanaceae. Major brinjal growing states in India include Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
- Breeding efforts aim to develop varieties with traits like high yield, disease resistance, fruit quality. Popular released varieties include Pusa Purple Long, Arka Navne
Total eight Vavilovian centers of origin for crop plants. This regions includes all cultivated vegetables crops. Domesticated plants differ from their wild progenitors in several morphophysiological traits, most of which are
associated with seed retention, dormancy and germination, growth habit, size, colour, and/or edibility of economically
important organs. Crop wild relatives includes crop ancestors as well as other species more or less closely related to crops. they may be from different gene pools.They are a critical source of genes for resistance to diseases, pests and stresses such as drought and extreme temperatures
Grafting is a method employed to improve crop production. Grafting of vegetable seedlings is a unique horticultural technology practiced for many years in East Asia to overcome issues associated with intensive cultivation using limited arable land.The first grafted vegetable seedlings used were for Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) plants grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria L. rootstock to overcome Fusarium wilt. Since then, the use of grafted solanaceous and cucurbitaceous seedlings has spread, with the practice mainly used in Asia, Europe, and North America. The expansion of grafting is likely due to its ability to provide tolerance to biotic stress, such as soilborne pathogens, and to abiotic stresses, such as cold, salinity, drought, and heavy metal toxicity, due to the resistance found in the rootstock. Many aspects related to rootstock/scion interactions are poorly understood, which can cause loss of fruit quality, reduced production, shorter postharvest time, and, most commonly, incompatibility between rootstock and scion. The rootstock and scion cultivars must be chosen with care to avoid loss.
This document provides information about geranium, including its botanical name (Geranium graveolens), family (Geraniaceae), center of origin (Cape province of South Africa), and economic part (leaves). It describes geranium as a bushy aromatic plant used in cosmetics and perfumes. It also outlines ideal growing conditions and methods for propagating, cultivating, harvesting, and distilling geranium to extract its essential oil.
This document summarizes information about potato breeding. It discusses the botanical details of potato including its origin in Peru/Bolivia, vegetative growth habit, and flower and fruit structures. The economic importance of potato as a global food crop is highlighted. Breeding objectives are listed as increasing yield, earliness, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Common breeding methods used in potato include introduction, clonal selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding. Several improved potato varieties developed through these methods are provided as examples.
This document discusses various plant breeding methods used to develop new cultivars of vegetable crops, including selection methods, hybridization techniques, and developing hybrid varieties. Some key points covered include: clonal selection is used for asexually propagated crops to develop cultivars like potato and garlic; pure line selection and mass selection are employed for self-pollinated and cross-pollinated crops respectively; line breeding, family breeding, and recurrent selection are population improvement methods for cross-pollinated vegetables; hybridization generates variability for selection and hybrid varieties are made through parent selection, testing combining ability, and producing F1 hybrids.
This document summarizes the floral biology of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Okra is an erect, herbaceous annual plant originating from tropical Asia and Africa that grows 1-2 meters tall. It produces solitary, axillary flowers with yellow petals and crimson spots. The flowers have 5 united stamens, superior ovaries, and capsular fruits. Pollination is primarily by insects, though self-pollination can occur at a rate of 19%. Fertilization takes place within 2-6 hours of pollination.
This document provides information on the genus Capsicum, specifically the species Capsicum annuum, which includes chillies and capsicums. Some key points:
- C. annuum is the most widely cultivated species in India, grown both for its pungent chillies used as a spice and its non-pungent bell peppers used as a vegetable.
- Chillies originated in Mexico and were spread worldwide by Christopher Columbus. They were introduced to India by Portuguese traders.
- Chillies are an important crop grown in several Indian states. Popular varieties include Jwala, Manjari, and Anugraha.
- Breeding objectives for chillies include
- Cowpea is a warm season legume crop originated in Africa and grown worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions.
- In India it is commonly grown in central and peninsular regions for green peas, grains, and fodder. This document discusses the production technology of cowpea in Gujarat, including varieties grown, climate requirements, land preparation, sowing methods, and fertilizer use. The key locally grown variety highlighted is Gujarat Cowpea-1.
GPB 311: Maize- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Maize
This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on research related to grafting of vegetable crops. The presentation covered the definition and purpose of grafting, the history of vegetable grafting, common grafting methods, and research examining the effects of grafting on various vegetable crops such as watermelon, cucumber, tomato, brinjal, chilli, and okra. Specific rootstocks were highlighted for their ability to improve yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses for different vegetable crops.
This document provides information about seed production of tomatoes. It begins with an introduction and then discusses the botanical description, importance, floral biology, climate and soil requirements, propagation methods, nutrition, weed management, pests and diseases, harvesting, seed extraction techniques, hybrid seed production, and field and seed standards. The key steps described include soil preparation, raising seedlings, transplanting, irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease management, support structures, roguing, harvesting ripe fruits, seed extraction after fermentation or chemical treatment, grading and packing seeds, and storing seeds with proper moisture levels and pest control.
“Advances in breeding of mango ”
Advances breeding of Mango, breeding of mango, mutation breeding og mango ,breeding of mango by gangaram rana ppt , breeding of mango in igkv
Genetic variation is crucial for successful barley improvement. Genomic technologies are improving dramatically and are providing access to the genetic diversity within this important crop species. Diverse collections of barley germplasm are being assembled and mined via genome-wide association studies and the identified variation can be linked to the barley sequence assembly. Introgression of favorable alleles via marker-assisted selection is now faster and more efficient due to the availability of single nucleotide polymorphism platforms. High-throughput genotyping is also making genomic selection an essential tool in modern barley breeding.
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
This document provides information on okra seed production. It discusses:
1) Okra's botanical classification, cultivation areas, and production statistics in India.
2) Requirements for land preparation and isolation distances for seed production fields.
3) Cultural practices for seed production like sowing time, spacing, manuring, irrigation, and pest management.
4) Steps involved in the seed production process like rouging, harvesting, threshing, processing and yield.
5) Pests and diseases that affect okra.
6) Details on hybrid seed production including emasculation, pollination and crossing ratios.
7) Information on popular okra hybrids and varieties.
This document provides information on the production technology of onion and garlic crops. It discusses the botanical details, climate and soil requirements, varieties, planting methods, manure and fertilizer application, irrigation practices, intercultivation, harvesting, curing, storage and important diseases of onion. It summarizes the key information on the leading onion producing states in India, recommended spacing and seed rate for planting, important improved varieties released by state agricultural universities with their characteristics and yield.
In India, the conventional potato cultivation methods are not merely enough to solve the issues like high cost of cultivation, disease management and storage of seed tubers. Also, the novel technologies of potato production such as High tech seed production, Microplant based seed production system, Aeroponic based seed production system, Microtuber based seed production system etc. cannot be easily adopted by small & marginal farmers .
Thus, this void of cheap & cost effective , quality efficient method of potato cultivation can be successfully fulfilled by True Potato seed production technique, which comes with some excellent pros of high net profit, high quality produce, transport & storability.
- Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) originated in Europe and is one of the most widely produced vegetables worldwide.
- It is a biennial plant that forms a dense cluster of leaves into a rounded head. Cabbage has 18 chromosomes and is a secondary polyploid.
- Breeding objectives for cabbage include higher yield, disease resistance, longer storage ability, and traits suitable for different growing conditions. Breeding methods include open-pollinated cultivars developed through mass selection and inbreeding, as well as hybrid cultivars produced using self-incompatible inbred lines.
This document provides information about lentils (Lens culinaris), including:
1. Lentils are an important pulse crop grown mainly in Canada, India, Turkey, US, and Australia, with India producing about 0.6 million tons annually.
2. Lentils have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=2x=14. Their center of origin is the Near East and they were first domesticated there.
3. Breeding objectives for lentils include increasing yield, improving seed size/color/quality for different market classes, and improving resistance to diseases, insects, drought, and lodging.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This document provides an overview of plant breeding principles and methods. It discusses the history and objectives of plant breeding, as well as both conventional and non-conventional methods. The conventional methods covered include mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree selection, bulk selection, and backcrossing for self-pollinated crops. For cross-pollinated crops, it discusses mass selection, modified mass selection, recurrent selection, reciprocal recurrent selection, hybrid varieties, and synthetic varieties. The document also provides brief summaries of achievements in plant breeding in India.
This document provides an update on a collaborative project to develop the genomic infrastructure for black raspberry breeding improvement. The project involves researchers from Oregon, North Carolina, New York, and Ohio and focuses on identifying aphid resistance, developing molecular breeding tools, analyzing phytonutrients, and understanding consumer preferences. Progress includes identifying sources of aphid resistance from wild germplasm, constructing a genetic linkage map, analyzing sugar and anthocyanin levels in fruit, and conducting consumer sensory panels. The long-term goals are to pyramid multiple aphid resistances and develop new disease resistant cultivars to benefit the black raspberry and broader rose family industries.
This document provides information about geranium, including its botanical name (Geranium graveolens), family (Geraniaceae), center of origin (Cape province of South Africa), and economic part (leaves). It describes geranium as a bushy aromatic plant used in cosmetics and perfumes. It also outlines ideal growing conditions and methods for propagating, cultivating, harvesting, and distilling geranium to extract its essential oil.
This document summarizes information about potato breeding. It discusses the botanical details of potato including its origin in Peru/Bolivia, vegetative growth habit, and flower and fruit structures. The economic importance of potato as a global food crop is highlighted. Breeding objectives are listed as increasing yield, earliness, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Common breeding methods used in potato include introduction, clonal selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding. Several improved potato varieties developed through these methods are provided as examples.
This document discusses various plant breeding methods used to develop new cultivars of vegetable crops, including selection methods, hybridization techniques, and developing hybrid varieties. Some key points covered include: clonal selection is used for asexually propagated crops to develop cultivars like potato and garlic; pure line selection and mass selection are employed for self-pollinated and cross-pollinated crops respectively; line breeding, family breeding, and recurrent selection are population improvement methods for cross-pollinated vegetables; hybridization generates variability for selection and hybrid varieties are made through parent selection, testing combining ability, and producing F1 hybrids.
This document summarizes the floral biology of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Okra is an erect, herbaceous annual plant originating from tropical Asia and Africa that grows 1-2 meters tall. It produces solitary, axillary flowers with yellow petals and crimson spots. The flowers have 5 united stamens, superior ovaries, and capsular fruits. Pollination is primarily by insects, though self-pollination can occur at a rate of 19%. Fertilization takes place within 2-6 hours of pollination.
This document provides information on the genus Capsicum, specifically the species Capsicum annuum, which includes chillies and capsicums. Some key points:
- C. annuum is the most widely cultivated species in India, grown both for its pungent chillies used as a spice and its non-pungent bell peppers used as a vegetable.
- Chillies originated in Mexico and were spread worldwide by Christopher Columbus. They were introduced to India by Portuguese traders.
- Chillies are an important crop grown in several Indian states. Popular varieties include Jwala, Manjari, and Anugraha.
- Breeding objectives for chillies include
- Cowpea is a warm season legume crop originated in Africa and grown worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions.
- In India it is commonly grown in central and peninsular regions for green peas, grains, and fodder. This document discusses the production technology of cowpea in Gujarat, including varieties grown, climate requirements, land preparation, sowing methods, and fertilizer use. The key locally grown variety highlighted is Gujarat Cowpea-1.
GPB 311: Maize- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Maize
This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on research related to grafting of vegetable crops. The presentation covered the definition and purpose of grafting, the history of vegetable grafting, common grafting methods, and research examining the effects of grafting on various vegetable crops such as watermelon, cucumber, tomato, brinjal, chilli, and okra. Specific rootstocks were highlighted for their ability to improve yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses for different vegetable crops.
This document provides information about seed production of tomatoes. It begins with an introduction and then discusses the botanical description, importance, floral biology, climate and soil requirements, propagation methods, nutrition, weed management, pests and diseases, harvesting, seed extraction techniques, hybrid seed production, and field and seed standards. The key steps described include soil preparation, raising seedlings, transplanting, irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease management, support structures, roguing, harvesting ripe fruits, seed extraction after fermentation or chemical treatment, grading and packing seeds, and storing seeds with proper moisture levels and pest control.
“Advances in breeding of mango ”
Advances breeding of Mango, breeding of mango, mutation breeding og mango ,breeding of mango by gangaram rana ppt , breeding of mango in igkv
Genetic variation is crucial for successful barley improvement. Genomic technologies are improving dramatically and are providing access to the genetic diversity within this important crop species. Diverse collections of barley germplasm are being assembled and mined via genome-wide association studies and the identified variation can be linked to the barley sequence assembly. Introgression of favorable alleles via marker-assisted selection is now faster and more efficient due to the availability of single nucleotide polymorphism platforms. High-throughput genotyping is also making genomic selection an essential tool in modern barley breeding.
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
This document provides information on okra seed production. It discusses:
1) Okra's botanical classification, cultivation areas, and production statistics in India.
2) Requirements for land preparation and isolation distances for seed production fields.
3) Cultural practices for seed production like sowing time, spacing, manuring, irrigation, and pest management.
4) Steps involved in the seed production process like rouging, harvesting, threshing, processing and yield.
5) Pests and diseases that affect okra.
6) Details on hybrid seed production including emasculation, pollination and crossing ratios.
7) Information on popular okra hybrids and varieties.
This document provides information on the production technology of onion and garlic crops. It discusses the botanical details, climate and soil requirements, varieties, planting methods, manure and fertilizer application, irrigation practices, intercultivation, harvesting, curing, storage and important diseases of onion. It summarizes the key information on the leading onion producing states in India, recommended spacing and seed rate for planting, important improved varieties released by state agricultural universities with their characteristics and yield.
In India, the conventional potato cultivation methods are not merely enough to solve the issues like high cost of cultivation, disease management and storage of seed tubers. Also, the novel technologies of potato production such as High tech seed production, Microplant based seed production system, Aeroponic based seed production system, Microtuber based seed production system etc. cannot be easily adopted by small & marginal farmers .
Thus, this void of cheap & cost effective , quality efficient method of potato cultivation can be successfully fulfilled by True Potato seed production technique, which comes with some excellent pros of high net profit, high quality produce, transport & storability.
- Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) originated in Europe and is one of the most widely produced vegetables worldwide.
- It is a biennial plant that forms a dense cluster of leaves into a rounded head. Cabbage has 18 chromosomes and is a secondary polyploid.
- Breeding objectives for cabbage include higher yield, disease resistance, longer storage ability, and traits suitable for different growing conditions. Breeding methods include open-pollinated cultivars developed through mass selection and inbreeding, as well as hybrid cultivars produced using self-incompatible inbred lines.
This document provides information about lentils (Lens culinaris), including:
1. Lentils are an important pulse crop grown mainly in Canada, India, Turkey, US, and Australia, with India producing about 0.6 million tons annually.
2. Lentils have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=2x=14. Their center of origin is the Near East and they were first domesticated there.
3. Breeding objectives for lentils include increasing yield, improving seed size/color/quality for different market classes, and improving resistance to diseases, insects, drought, and lodging.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This document provides an overview of plant breeding principles and methods. It discusses the history and objectives of plant breeding, as well as both conventional and non-conventional methods. The conventional methods covered include mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree selection, bulk selection, and backcrossing for self-pollinated crops. For cross-pollinated crops, it discusses mass selection, modified mass selection, recurrent selection, reciprocal recurrent selection, hybrid varieties, and synthetic varieties. The document also provides brief summaries of achievements in plant breeding in India.
This document provides an update on a collaborative project to develop the genomic infrastructure for black raspberry breeding improvement. The project involves researchers from Oregon, North Carolina, New York, and Ohio and focuses on identifying aphid resistance, developing molecular breeding tools, analyzing phytonutrients, and understanding consumer preferences. Progress includes identifying sources of aphid resistance from wild germplasm, constructing a genetic linkage map, analyzing sugar and anthocyanin levels in fruit, and conducting consumer sensory panels. The long-term goals are to pyramid multiple aphid resistances and develop new disease resistant cultivars to benefit the black raspberry and broader rose family industries.
Tissue culture Applications For Genetic Improvement of Crop plantsMANOJ C A
Tissue culture techniques can be used for genetic improvement of plants. Some key applications include:
1. Meristem culture which allows production of virus-free plants by cultivating shoot meristems. This eliminates viruses that move through the vascular system.
2. Somaclonal variation which induces genetic variability that can be used for crop improvement traits like disease resistance. Selected variants require extensive field trials due to genetic instability.
3. Mutagenesis uses physical or chemical mutagens to induce desirable mutations and improve traits like disease resistance. However, frequency of desired mutations is low and screening large populations is required.
4. Embryo rescue promotes development of immature embryos, allowing interspecific hybridizations and
Tissue culture is the in vitro culture of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants under sterile conditions. It has various applications in plant breeding including producing virus-free plants through meristem culture, inducing genetic variability through somaclonal variation, generating mutations through mutagenesis, rescuing interspecific hybrid embryos, creating homozygous lines through haploids, developing synthetic seeds, conserving germplasm through cryopreservation, and transferring genes through genetic transformation. While tissue culture has advantages like rapid propagation and eliminating diseases, it also has disadvantages like requiring specialized facilities and expertise and not being optimized for all plant species.
This document discusses various population improvement approaches used in plant breeding, including recurrent selection, disruptive selection, diallel selective mating, and biparental mating. It also describes selection without progeny testing techniques like mass selection. Mass selection involves selecting phenotypically superior plants each year and bulking their seeds without progeny testing. The document outlines the procedure for mass selection and discusses its merits and demerits. It also covers progeny selection, line breeding, and provides details about their main features, selection schemes, and merits and demerits.
This document provides an overview of molecular breeding and plant domestication. It discusses how plant breeding has evolved from an art to a science and technology through the application of genetics. Key points include:
- Plant breeding aims to improve traits like yield, quality, and disease resistance through selection and hybridization.
- Domestication began over 10,000 years ago as humans selectively bred wild plants for desirable traits. This resulted in changes like non-shattering seeds and larger fruits.
- A few genes often control major domestication traits, like tb1 in maize which influences branching. Identification of these genes helps crop improvement.
- Domestication and breeding continue to make crops more productive through techniques like
The document discusses pedigree selection, a plant breeding method for self-pollinated crops. It involves maintaining detailed pedigree records as individual plants are selected from segregating generations based on phenotype and progeny performance. This allows tracing progeny back to original parents and advancement of only lines carrying desired traits. Though time-consuming, it ensures high genetic purity in developed varieties and assessment of breeding value through progeny testing. Some examples of varieties developed through pedigree selection in crops like rice, wheat, cotton and pulses are also provided.
DNA fingerprinting of plant material from farmers' fields has provided new insights. Traditional surveys relying on farmer self-reporting often overestimate adoption of improved varieties. Eight new studies using DNA fingerprinting found adoption rates were typically lower than reported. False positive and negative rates varied by crop and country. On average, only 40-60% of samples were correctly identified as improved or local varieties. Low genetic purity was also common, with many samples consisting of mixed varieties. These findings have implications for understanding impacts of new varieties and for seed systems.
Plant breeding methods of vegetatively propagated crops Roksana Aftab Ruhi
Vegetatively propagated crops are bred by intentionally crossing of closely or distantly related individual to produce new crop varieties or lines with desirable traits. Breeding of vegetative crops have successfully improved quality, yield, tolerance of crops to environmental pressure. Breeding helps in producing crops that are resistant to viruses, fungi and bacteria and helps in longer storage period for the harvested crop.
Genome Editing: A Disruptive Technology for Accelerating Breeding CIAT
Talk during CIAT’s 50th Anniversary: Gene editing is the most exciting area in biology right now. Here we introduce ways it can help us tackle climate change and boost food production.
Speaker: Joe Tohme, Director, Agrobiodiversity Research Area, CIAT
Cali, Colombia. 8-9 November 2017
This document discusses quality traits in agricultural crops. It defines quality as the degree of excellence of a product for its intended use. Quality traits can be morphological, organoleptic, nutritional, biological, or other traits. Examples of quality traits in rice include milling recovery, endosperm type, grain dimensions, cooking quality, and amylose content. Golden rice is discussed as a biofortified variety containing beta-carotene. Quality traits in wheat such as protein content, gluten content, and baking performance are also outlined. Considerations for breeding for improved quality and limitations are presented.
This ppt illustrate about various breeding method used in cross pollinated crops. best breeding methods available for cross pollinated crops. basic introduction of cross pollination mechanism.
This document discusses plant introduction as a method of plant breeding. It begins by defining plant introduction as transferring plant genotypes or groups of genotypes to new areas where they have not been previously grown. The document then covers the history of plant introduction, the different types of plant introduction, the purposes of plant introduction, agencies involved in plant introduction, and the process of acclimatization. It also discusses the merits and demerits of plant introduction as a plant breeding method.
Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentationDev Hingra
1. Plant breeding techniques for self-pollinated crops include plant introduction, pure line selection, mass selection, pedigree method, bulk method, backcross method, and mutation breeding.
2. Pure line selection involves selecting individual plants, evaluating their progeny, and conducting yield trials to develop uniform varieties. Mass selection composites seed from selected plants for future planting.
3. Plant introduction is an oldest method that can introduce entirely new crop species or superior varieties from other regions. It provides germplasm for breeding programs.
Pulses provide protein but have incomplete amino acid profiles. Major constraints to pulse production include indeterminate growth, long selection, poor soils, inadequate fertilizer and protection. Strategies to increase self-sufficiency include strengthening seed systems, ensuring remunerative prices, expanding area using fallow/waste lands, and developing short-duration, pest-resistant varieties. Breeding objectives for pulses include yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Methods include selection, hybridization, population improvement, and mutation breeding.
The Public Seed Initiative and Variety TrialsSeeds
This document discusses the Public Seed Initiative and variety trials in Hawaii. It provides information on seed programs, the protection of seeds by companies, different types of seeds, and the decline of public breeding programs. The document also discusses alternative breeding programs, artisanal community seed production, results from a Hawaii statewide seed assessment survey, goals and designs of variety trials, and examples of collaborative research trials on crops like tomatoes, lettuces, and baby watermelons.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on plant biotechnology. It discusses the history and techniques of plant biotechnology including conventional plant breeding, tissue culture approaches like micropropagation and anther culture, genetic engineering methods, and applications for crop improvement. The presentation covers using biotechnology to develop disease resistant crops through transgenic expression of genes for viral coat proteins and antimicrobial peptides.
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Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
8. ORIGIN OF CHILLI
Chilli peppers originated in Mexico. After the
Columbian Exchange, many cultivars of chilli pepper
spread around the world, used for both food and
traditional medicine.
8
10. Floral Biology Of Chilli
• Floral type
• Flower is ebracteate actinomorphic, pedicellate, bisexual and
hypogynous. Calyx is capanulate, sepals usually five gamosepalous,
and is shorter than fruit. Corolla is bell shaped rotate 5 to 6 lobed
twisted in bud.
10
11. Floral Biology Of Chilli
• Anthesis period
• Anthesis in chilli occurs between 6.00 and 9.00 hr. Flower remains
open for 2 to 3 days, receptivity of stigma was the highest at the day
of flower anthesis
11
12. Floral Biology Of Chilli
• Pollination time
• In order to hand pollinate our pepper plants, until the afternoon
(between noon and 3 p.m.) when the pollen is at its peak. We should
use a tiny artist's paintbrush (or even a cotton swab) to gently
transfer the pollen from flower to flower.
12
14. Varieties
In Bangladesh:
Local variety (80.8%)
Upshi, Magura morich, Atowari, Bindu morich, Bagura morich, Dhani, Halda,
Balijuri, Shikarpuri etc are famous in a particular region.
Bari and Bina developed – BARI morich-1, BARI morich-2, BARI morich-3, Binamorich-
1, Binamorich-2 varieties.
Hybrid variety (15.31%) - Hot master, Sonic, Bizlee plus, Premium, Jhilik are most
popular.
There are about 4,000 varieties of chili in the world.
BARI morich-3
15. Worldwide:
•Bird's Eye Chili (Africa)
•Piri Piri Chili (Spain, Portugal)
• Bhut Jolokia Chili (Assam)
•Pepperoni Lombardo(Italy)
•Jalapeno Chili Variety (Mexico)
•Carolina Reaper Chili (USA)
•Kashmiri chili (Kashmir) etc.
Varieties
Bhut Jolokia
Jalapeno Chili
15
16. CAROLINA REAPER: HOTTEST
PEPPER IN THE WORLD
Scoville Heat Units: 1,400,000 – 2,200,000 SHU
Cross Between:
Bhut Jolokia (Ghost pepper) X Sweet habanero
16
17. Species
• Capsicum annum
• Capsicum campylopodium
• Capsicum baccatum
• Capsicum frutescens
• Capsicum eximium
• Capsicum parvifolium
• Capsicum pubescens
• Capsicum chacoense
• Capsicum chinese
Capsicum annum Capsicum frutescens
Bell pepper 17
23. Area & Production
In Bangladesh the crop is grown in an area of about
• 8 lac 69 thousand 514 acre
Annual production amounts to about
• 2.5 lac ton.
23
Source: AIS
26. Breeder's Challenges
• Pungency
• Flavor (In Europe)
• Disease resistance
• Improved quality
• Varieties for a new season
• High yield, Size and Color
(Asian region)
(Specially viral and bacterial wilt disease)
(Based on consumer preference, local demand)
(For example: Summer variety which can
tolerate hot and humid condition)
26
28. Breeding Methods
The following are the methods of breeding self-pollinated crops plants.
1. Introduction
2. Selection
a) Mass selection
b) Pure line selection
3. Pedigree Method
4. Bulk Method
5. Single Seed Descent Method.
28
30. Mass selection
Specifically, mass selection is a breeding method where the
decision to select a plant as a parent of the next generation is
based on the performance of that plant.
30
31. First
year
Second
year
Third to
fifth year
Sixth
year
i. From a variable population, 200-2000 plants with similar
but desirable traits are selected.
ii. The seed from selected plant are composited
i. The composited seed is planted in a preliminary yield trial
along with standard checks
ii. Phenotype of the selected population is clearly evaluated
i. Promising selections are evaluated in cooperated yield
trials at several locations
ii. It out standing raised as a new variety.
Seed multiplication for distribution
Figure: Mass selection in self-pollinated crops for developing new varieties 31
32. RECURRENT SELECTION
Recurrent selection is defined as reselection of
generation after generation,with intermating of
selected plant to produce the population for the
next cycle of selection.
32
33. WHY WE USE IT?
This is useful for the characters that can be
measureable on individual and have a high heritability.
33
35. PURELINE SELECTION
• Pure-line selection involves selecting and breeding progeny from
superior organisms for a number of generations until a pure line of
organisms with only the desired characteristics has been established.
• Pureline selection has been the most commonly used method of
improvement of self-pollinated crops.
35
37. PEDIGREE METHOD
• Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of self-
pollinated species in which superior genotypes are selected from
segregating generations and proper records of the ancestry of selected
plants are maintained in each generation.
37
41. SINGLE SEED DESCENT (SSD)
• A breeding procedure used with segregating
population of self pollinated crops in which plants
are advanced by single seed from one generation
to next is called SSD.
41
45. 45
HETEROSIS BREEDING
•Heterosis may be defined as the superiority of an F1 hybrid over both
of its parents in terms of yield or some other character.
47. Use of Heterosis in Chilli Breeding
• Development of hybrid.
• Can be used in seed production
47
Effects of Heterosis on Chilli
•Increase yield.
•Increase reproductive ability.
•Better Quality.
•Increase in size and general vigor.
•Earlier Flowering and maturity.
•Greater Adaptability.
•Faster Growth Rate.
•Increase in Number of Plant Parts.
48. WHAT IS MOLECULAR BREEDING
• Refers to the technique of using DNA markers that are tightly linked
to phenotypic traits to assist in a selection scheme for a particular
breeding objectives.
MARKER:
• Its an indicator that associated with a certain trait of an organism.
Genetic Marker:
• It’s a gene or DNA sequence with a known chromosome location
controlling a particular gene or trait.
48
49. Why MOLECULAR MARKERS?
• Don’t depends on environment.
• Offers improved selection Strategies in breeding.
• It is easily accessible
• Safe technology breeding method
49
50. What is Plant Tissue Culture
• Plant Tissue Culture is a technique growing plant cells, tissues,
organs or seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a
nutrient medium.
50
51. Breeding practices based on native and global
perspective
Native variety:
Developed varieties Breeding practice
BARI Morich-1 Introduced (origin- Srilanka)
BARI Morich-2 Selection
Binamorich-1 Introduced
Binamorich-2 Introduced
51
52. Breeding practices based on native and global
perspective
Global practices :
Breeding practices Developed varieties
Pureline selection G-1, G-2,G-3, G-4, Seema,
Malkapuri, Patna rod
Pedigree method Punjab lal, Pusa Jawala, K2,
Jawahar 218, Andhra Jyoti
Mutation breeding MDU-1
Mass selection UFPB-1, UFPB-2
Male sterility CH-27,Arka Sweta, Arka Harita
52
53. A CHILLI BREEDING ACTIVITY
Heterosis has been widely applied to a large number of crop species for their
improvement to increase yield, quality adaptibility.
A research on this regard has been conductet at Vegetable Research Farm,
Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,
India.
53
54. A CHILLI BREEDING ACTIVITY
Research Title: IMPROVING FRUIT TRAITS IN CHILLI PEPPER
THROUGH HETEROSIS BREEDING
Experimental Material: 28 hybrid F1, 8 parental lines, 4 checks were
transplanted in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Key Findings: the cross combination SD 463 x PP 403 have been identified
as promising hybrid for early and total yield with other fruit traits.
54
55. Constraints
• GERMPLASM: Compare to many other countries we are quite lag
behind in germplasm collection and conservation.
• FUNDING: We don’t have sufficient fundings to operate different
breeding programs.
• LACK OF FACILITIES
• LACK OF SKILLED MAN POWER
• TIME CONSUMING
• BREEDERS DISSAPOINTMENT
55
56. Recommendations
• More germplasm centers should be established.
• The genetic variability in local species can be utilized.
• Establishment of molecular lab with sufficient fascilities is a must.
• Integration of traditional and molecular techniques could provide good results.
• Fundings should be arranged.
• Heterosis breeding can be applied as an effective tool to improve the important
economic traits of Capsicum.
• Creating more job facilities in this sector can ensure more involvement of
students in plant breeding program.
56
57. Opportunities in chilli breeding
• Chilli has insecticidal properties. Capsaicin is applied to plant folliage
to repel insect pests, not kill them.
• Capsaicin is currently use in topical form for postheptic neuralgia.
• Ornamental peppers have had greater prominance and good acceptance by
consumer market.
• If breeders set their objectives taking into account local consumption as well these
uses, we could grab international market in near future.
57