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vegetable Breeding by adnan
This document discusses various breeding techniques used in vegetable crops including mass selection, bulk method, pedigree method, pure-line selection, synthetic populations, composite cross, line breeding, and backcrossing. The objectives of plant breeding are to develop varieties with high yield, early maturity, disease and pest resistance, and good quality traits. Different vegetable crops are either self-pollinated or cross-pollinated, requiring different breeding approaches.
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vegetable Breeding by adnan
- 2. Breeding Techniques InVegetables Presented By: Muhammad Arslan Qamar 13-Arid-377
- 3. Contents: • Definition ofBreeding • Objectives of Breeding • Breeding methods in vegetables Mass selection Bulk Method Pedigree Pure-line Synthetic Population Composite Cross Line Breeding Back Crossing
- 4. Breeding • It isthe reproduction that is producing of offspring, usually animals or plants . • Goals of Breeding: o High Yield o Earliness o Low proportion of seed o Soft Flesh o Avoid Lodging o Resistance to insects & pests
- 5. Vegetables On TheBasis Of Breeding Self Pollinated Vegetables Cross Pollinated Vegetables • Tomatoes • Green peppers, chilies • Peppers, eggplants • Green beans, lima beans • Sweet peas and peanuts • Onions, cucumbers, corn • pumpkins, squash, broccoli • beets, carrots, cabbage • cauliflower, melons, radishes • spinach, Swiss chard and turnips
- 6. Mass Selection • Themass selection method works with crossers and multi-line selfers. • The plant breeder starts with a highly variable population and collecting the seed of only those plants with desirable traits. • These seeds are then bulked and planted the next year and the process repeats.
- 8. Types Of MassSelection • Two types of this selection, Positive mass selection Negative mass selection
- 9. Advantages Of MassSelection • Simple, rapid and cheap procedure. • Plants procedured by mass selection have wide adaptability, wide genetic base. • Use for the improvement of land races.
- 10. Bulk Method • Thisis the practice of growing genetically diverse populations of self-pollinated crops in a bulk plot. • This method relies on natural or environmental selection over many generations, so it requires much patience and observation. • Bulking generally produces slightly variable varieties that may be more easily be adapted to local conditions.
- 11. Steps Involved… • Plantout stock seed from a variable seeds of an F1 cross. • For F2, F3, and F4 generations, save all seed and grow out the same number again. • Plant out the F5 generation in spaced rows, then select and save seed from certain desirable plants. • Plant seed from each plant into its own separate row.
- 12. Cont… • Select andsave seed from all plants in desirable rows and plant out in larger observational trials. • Select the best lines from these trials and plant them out into replicated trials. • Choose the best line from the trial.
- 13. Pedigree • This methodinvolves detailed records of ancestry of an individual family. • This method takes more observational work, but progress may be made more quickly and more uniform lines may be produced.
- 14. Steps involved… • Makean initial cross and bulk seed of the F1 generation. • Pick several best selfed plants from the F2. • Save seed and keep it separate. • Plant the seed from each selfed individual plant in separate rows or blocks. Each row or block is called a family.
- 15. Cont… • Through theF3-F7 generations, continue selecting the best plants from the best rows from the best families. • From the F7 generation, select and save seed from all plants in the best families and plant out in larger observational trials.
- 17. PURELINE The procedure isas follows: • Make an initial cross • Grow out the F1 without any selection. • Grow out as many selfed F2 plants as possible. • Select the best F2 plants; save each plant’s seed separately.
- 18. Cont… • Plant outeach plant’s progenies separately, each F2 group is seen as a family. • Continue to grow out the F2 families for many generations. • The best families should be stabilized by generations five through seven.
- 20. SYNTHETIC POPULATIONS • Thisis a great way to create diverse new landraces. • Synthetic populations do better than regular open- pollinated types but are not as high yielding. It involves, • Start with two or more variable landraces.
- 21. Cont… • Make allpossible hybrid combinations between all plants. • Pool all of the seeds of the hybrids together & plant them out. • Allow these plants to naturally and randomly homogenize and mix. • Over the next three to five generations, select out the best plants.
- 22. COMPOSITE CROSS • Itis a systematic combination of all varieties involved. The steps in creating a composite population include, • Select several desired parents. • Perform several generations of controlled crosses until you have a hybrid with equal amounts of genetic input from each parent.
- 23. Cont… • Allow yourcomposite plants to self-pollinate or to pollinate with a sibling. • Select for superior lines using recurrent mass selection, bulking, pedigree, or line selection.
- 24. Line Breeding • superiorplants are selected and then a row of progeny is grown and the best plants within the best rows are selected. • Multiple lines are made and desired traits are stabilized. It involves, • Select desired parents and make the cross.
- 25. Cont… • Grow theF1 and bulk the seeds. • Start plant to row selection in the F2 or a later generation. • Repeat for several generations with multiple lines until the desired traits are stabilized.
- 26. BACKCROSSING • This techniqueis generally used to transfer a trait or set of traits from one variety to another. It involves, • Select the recurrent parent and the donor parent and create the F1. • If the desired trait is dominant, cross the F1 to the recurrent parent immediately. • If the desired trait is recessive, allow the F1 to self or cross with F1 siblings.
- 27. Cont… • Then selectan F2 plant with the desired trait and backcross it to the recurrent parent. • Repeat backcrossing until you have reached a similar enough phenotype to your recurrent parent with the desired trait from the donor. • Then stabilize using recurrent selection, pedigree or pureline selection.
- 29. References: • http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/en/tartalom/tamop412A/20 11_0009_Pepo_Pal- Applied_Genetics_and_Biotechnology/ch08.html • http://hariprathab.blogspot.com/2014/03/pure-line- selection-plant-breeding.html •https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=pedigree+method &source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWvtCH9 OfMAhXGtRoKHXIaDMMQ_AUIBygB&biw=1366&bih=62 3#imgrc=vnj5HCj1l8r5WM%3A • http://theseedsite.co.uk/hybrids.html • Plant breeding . Manzoor ahmed khan, Managing author Elena bashir, Robyn bantel, Editors