Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher solvent concentration to lower solvent concentration. The document defines hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions and explains how osmosis causes cell shrinkage or swelling depending on the solution. It also provides examples of how osmosis is used in desalination, food concentration, and dairy concentration processes.

3. Osmosis is defined as movement of the solvent
molecules from its higher concentration to its
lower concentration through a semi permeable
membrane .

4. Movement of the solvent
molecule from lower
concentration to solute particle
towards the higher
concentration to the solute
particle.

5. Distilled water separated by a
partially-semi-permeable membrane
Water molecules are moving from
one side of the membrane to the
other but there is no net osmosis.

6.  Hypertonic Solution
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

7. A hypertonic solution is a particular type
of solution that has a greater concentration of
solutes on the outside of a cell when compared
with the inside of a cell.

8. The solution
is hypertonic,
net exosmosis
will occur.
The result
will be
crenation the
cell will shrivel
up.

9. An isotonic solution refers to two solutions having the
same osmotic pressure across a semi permeable
membrane. This state allows for the free movement of
water across the membrane without changing the
concentration of solutes on either side.

10. TheThe
solution issolution is
isotonic,isotonic,
there willthere will
be no netbe no net
osmosis.osmosis.

11. A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower
osmotic pressure than another solution. This generally
refers to a solution that has less solute and more water
than another solution .

12. The solution is
hypotonic, net
endosmosis will
occur, i.e. water
will move into the
cell from the
solution. The result
will be haemolysis.
the cell will
burst.

13. •WATER SOAKWATER SOAK
•SALINE WATERSALINE WATER
•SULG MURDERSULG MURDER
•ROOT PRESSUREROOT PRESSURE

14. Raisin contains inside an oily liquid which has a number of
constituents particle. When raisin is kept in water taken in
a beaker or glass for sometime (may be overnight), it
swells in size. actually water is hypotonic while the liquid or
fluid inside the raisin is of hypertonic nature. The outer
wall of the raisin acts as a semi permeable membrane.
There is an osmosis of water molecules inside the raisin
through this membrane and the raisin slowly swell in size.

16. When in a patient the saline water (NaCl) is injected the
concentration of the saline water must be 0.9 %(mass by
volume).

17. The pressure exerted by the flow of water through a
semi permeable membrane separating two solutions with
different concentrations of solute.

18. If the liquid on the more concentrated side is maintained at
a higher pressure, however, this process can be reversed:
The solvent will flow from the concentrated side. Since the
membrane blocks the passage of the dissolved waste
constituents, the concentrated solution becomes even more
concentrated.

19.  DESALINATION
 FOOD INDUSTRYFOOD INDUSTRY
 DAIRY INDUSTRYDAIRY INDUSTRY

20. The pressure required for the reverse osmosis is quite high. A
workable porous membrane is a film of cellulose acetate placed
over a suitable support. Cellulose acetate is permeable to water
but impermeable to impurities and ions present in sea water.
These days many countries use desalination plants to meet their
potable water requirement.

22. MORE ECONOMICAL FOR CONCENTRATINGMORE ECONOMICAL FOR CONCENTRATING
FOOD LIQUIDS (SUCH AS FRUIT JUICES)FOOD LIQUIDS (SUCH AS FRUIT JUICES)
THAN CONVENTIONAL HEAT-TREATMENTTHAN CONVENTIONAL HEAT-TREATMENT
PROCESSESPROCESSES.

23. FOR THE CONCENTRATIONFOR THE CONCENTRATION
OF MILK TO REDUCEOF MILK TO REDUCE
SHIPPING COSTS.SHIPPING COSTS.

24. WASTE
WATER
RECYCLING