The document describes osmosis as the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a low concentration solution to a high concentration solution. It explains the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions on cells, highlighting that isotonic solutions maintain cell size, hypotonic solutions may cause cells to swell, and hypertonic solutions lead to cell shrinkage. An experiment using raisins and apricots illustrates osmosis, showing how these fruits swell in pure water and shrink in a concentrated sugar and salt solution.

1. SCIENCE
PROJECT
by
Kaushik P.K
IX – C
Roll No. 16
GDGPS, Patna

2. WHAT IS OSMOSIS?
The spontaneous movement of water molecules through
a selective permeable membrane is called osmosis.
Molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a
semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated
solution a process by which into a more concentrated
one.
Osmosis is a process by which the molecules of a solvent
pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution
of high concentration through a semi-permeable
membrane.

3. ‘OSMOSIS’

4. EXAMPLES OF OSMOSIS

5. Factors on which osmosis depends and different type
of solution affecting osmosis
•Isotonic Solutions: These have the same concentration of solutes (dissolved
substances) as the cell or environment they are compared to. Water moves
equally in and out of the cell, maintaining cell size and shape.
•Hypotonic Solutions: These solutions have a lower concentration of solutes
compared to another solution (e.g., inside a cell). Water moves into the cell,
which may cause it to swell or even burst (lyse) in extreme cases.
•Hypertonic Solutions: These have a higher concentration of solutes than
another solution (e.g., inside a cell). Water moves out of the cell, causing it to
shrink (crenate in red blood cells or plasmolyze in plant cells).

8. Activity: Osmosis with raisins and
apricots
• Dried raisins and apricots in pure water and leave them for
some time.
• Then place them into a concentrated solution of sugar and
salt.
• Since water is a hypotonic solution, each gains water and
swells when placed in pure water due to endosmosis.
• When such swollen raisins/apricots are placed in the
concentrated solution (hypertonic) each of them loses water,
consequently shrinks again (due to exosmosis).

10. Osmosis with raisins and apricots in Different Type of
Solutions