This document covers key concepts in physics including: 1. Waves can transfer energy through a medium or space, with the medium moving perpendicular to the wave's direction of travel. 2. Electromagnetic waves such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays have different wavelengths and frequencies. 3. Reflection is when a wave bounces off an object, following the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.