The document discusses several optics concepts including interference, diffraction, dispersion of light, the electromagnetic spectrum, reflection, refraction, mirrors, lenses, and important formulas. Interference can be constructive or destructive. Diffraction refers to how waves bend around obstacles. Dispersion of light occurs when the index of refraction varies with wavelength. Reflection and refraction describe how waves interact with surfaces and change speed when passing between substances. Mirrors and lenses have focal points determined by their curvature and distance from the lens.

1. Waves and Optics Nisha Issac (: & Ethan Munguia

2. Interference When two waves pass through the same region of space at the same time 2 types: Constructive: crest to crest; larger amplitude Destructive: crest to trough; resultant is zero

3. Diffraction Refers to the ability of waves to bend around obstacles Amount of diffraction depends on the wavelength of the waves and the size of the obstacle.

4. Dispersion of light Spreading of white light Dispersion of light in a transparent material occurs because the index of refraction of the material varies the wavelength. Index of refraction is higher for shorter wavelengths

5. Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays

6. Reflection “ Bouncing” off of a wave of a surface; exact angle Angle of incidence Angle of reflection

7. Refraction Change in direction of a wave when it passes into a new substance Reason it changes direction or bends is because each different substance has its own effect on speed of light. Index of refraction

8. Mirrors Reflective surfaces Convex and Concave Has a focal point, where all the light directed at that mirror converges or diverges and the distance between the mirror and that point is the focal length.

9. Lenses Has a focal point Radius of curvature of a lens is exactly twice the focal length.

10. Important Formulas θ = the angle of spread of a wave after passing through a single slit opening λ = wavelength fn = the nth frequency in a series of resonant frequencies v = speed of the wave L = length D = width of an opening through which a wave will diffract