Population ecology is the study of the relationships between populations and their environment. A population is defined as a group of the same species occupying a particular area. Characteristics of a population include its size, density, and distribution. Biotic interactions like competition and predation regulate population growth. Techniques like quadrat sampling, capture-mark-recapture, and random sampling are used to estimate population size, density, and distribution. Abiotic factors like temperature, light, humidity, and pH influence an organism's population distribution.