Our presentation ! :D Biology Form 4: Chapter 8.4 Biodiversity

1. BIOLOGY
8.4 Biodiversity
Prepared by:
 Qhaiyum
 Mizah
 Ihfa
 Wawa

2. Introduction
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of forms of living things on the
Earth interacting with each other.

3. Classification of Organisms
• Taxonomy is used to identify, describe, and naming organisms.
• Organisms with the same characteristics are gathered in the same
class.
• Organisms are classified into 5 major kingdoms:
a) Monera d) Plantae
b) Protista e) Animalia
c) Fungi

4. 1. Monera
• Prokaryotic – organisms with no
distinct membrane-bound nuclei and
organelles.
• Unicellular organisms and has cell
walls.
• Can be non-photosynthetic and
photosynthetic.
• Examples of monera are bacteria and
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria

5. 2. Protista
• Eukaryotes – includes unicellular or multicellular organisms, and each have
nucleus and organelles that are surrounded by membranes.
• Some have cell walls and some do not.
• Multicellular protists are not specialised to perform specific functions in the
organisms.
• Protista have 2 types:
a) Algae
b) Protozoa

6. Protozoa Algae
Amoeba sp. Chlamydomonas sp.
Paramecium sp. Spirogyra sp.
• Examples of protists (protozoa and algae):

7. 3. Fungi
• Both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
• The cell walls of fungi contain a material called chitin.
• Bodies consists of a network of a network of thread-like hyphae called mycelium.

8. • They do not contain chlorophyll and may feed saprotrophically by
absorbing nutrients from decaying organic matter while others are
parasitic.
• Examples of fungi are moulds (Mucor sp.), mushrooms and yeasts.
Moulds (Mucor sp.) Mushrooms Yeasts

9. 4. Plantae
• Plants are multicellular organisms that are immobile, contains chlorophyll
and produce their own food by photosynthesis.
• Each plant cell has a nucleus, cell wall and other organelles.

10. 5. Animalia
• Animals are multicellular organisms and are mobile.
• Their cells do not have any cell walls.
• Do not have chlorophyll.

11. The Hierarchy in the Classification
of Organisms
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
• Living organisms are classified into 7 hierarchical levels.
• The number of organisms in each unit decreases from kingdom to
species.
• Therefore, each higher unit covers a greater range of organisms.

12. Linnaeus Binomial System of
Classification
• This type of classification uses 2 words to name every species or
organisms found:
a) The first word in the name refers to genus.
b) The second word is the specific name.
• Both names are in Latin (or latinised).
• Both names are in italics if typed or underlined if written.
• Example: Human – homo sapiens or homo sapiens

13. Classification Tiger Human Hibiscus
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Plantae
Genus Panthera Homo Hibiscus
Species tigris sapiens rosa-sinensis
a) Tiger: Panthera tigris
b) Human: Homo sapiens
c) Hibiscus: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

14. The Importance of Biodiversity
• Maintaining a balanced nature
• Source of food
• Source of medicine
• Clean air
• Shelter
• Economic resources (eco-tourism)
• Clean drinking water
• Preserved all living organisms from become extinct

15. That’s All
From Us
Thank You
For Listening XD !