This document provides an overview of physical education, exercise science, and sport. It discusses the importance of developing a personal philosophy in this field and outlines 12 subdisciplines that have broadened the scope of the field, including exercise physiology, sports medicine, biomechanics, and sport psychology. Barriers to physical activity participation among various populations are identified. Definitions of key terms like physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness are also provided.
Studies have also shown that mentally, we get stronger as well, because by exercising and playing sports, we increase our blood flow to all parts of the body, especially the brain, and that helps us with our neuroplasticity. In all, sports, games, and all physical recreations play a huge role in our everyday lives.
Gymnastics
- History and Nature of Gymnatics
- Equipments for Gymnastics
- Costumes for Gymnastics
- Basic Skills in Gymnastics
- Stretching and Conditioning in Gymnastics
- Safety Rules in Gymnastics
Studies have also shown that mentally, we get stronger as well, because by exercising and playing sports, we increase our blood flow to all parts of the body, especially the brain, and that helps us with our neuroplasticity. In all, sports, games, and all physical recreations play a huge role in our everyday lives.
Gymnastics
- History and Nature of Gymnatics
- Equipments for Gymnastics
- Costumes for Gymnastics
- Basic Skills in Gymnastics
- Stretching and Conditioning in Gymnastics
- Safety Rules in Gymnastics
Health and physical fitness have a vital role in the life of men from time immemorial. The progress of the Nation lies in the hands of the people, who are healthy and physically fit. Every individual should develop physical fitness for a happy and effective living. In order to get physical fitness one has to involve in physical activities.
Imagine a choice of foods that were tasty, nutritious and good for your health - i.e. they helped you maintain a healthy body weight, improved your overall mood, and reduced your risk of developing diseases. This Medical News Today information article provides details on the top ten foods considered to be the most healthy, according to surveys and sources across North America and Western Europe.
Some people realized about the importance of physical activity in maintaining health and wellness. This perception exists because there is a lot of efforts and studies done to improve people health and wellness through physical activity. In top of that, it is known that motivation is one of the main effects of the people participation in sports or physical activity. Therefore, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, many have agreed that motivation plays important role in determining physical activity level. Hence, this study will be conducted to determine the relationship between extrinsic motivations with the physical activity level. The researcher has randomly selected 172 students from Faculty of Education UiTM as a respondent of this study. The study was conducted using questionnaire based on the Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) which then been edited to fulfil the requirement of the study. This study is to examine the relationship between extrinsic motivations with the physical activity level. The results showed that there was significant relationship between extrinsic motivations with the physical activity level. The male respondent was found to have high level of physical activity better than female respondents.
This presentation is divided into two parts.
The first part deals with the concept of "Physical Education" and emphasizes upon the following:
1. Definition of Physical Education
2. Meaning of Physical Education
3. Objectives of Physical Education
4. Scope and Importance of Physical Education
5. Teaching Methods
The second part of this presentation deals with the concept of "Physical Fitness" and emphasizes upon the following:
1. Meaning of Physical Fitness
2. Need and Importance of Physical Fitness
3. Components of Physical Fitness
4. Activities for Physical Fitness
AbstractThis informative report focuses on filling information.docxbartholomeocoombs
Abstract
This informative report focuses on filling information gaps regarding adherence to physical activity and exercise in the health care spectrum of older adults and an overview of the benefits of physical activity for OAs. Healthy People 2000, 2010, and 2020 are public health programs from the US Department of Health and Human Services that set national goals and objectives for promoting health and preventing disease. The programs include ten leading health indicators that reflect major health problems, which concern OAs. Exercise and physical activity are among the most important factors affecting health and longevity, but exercise adherence is a significant hindrance in achieving health goals in the elderly. Exercise adherence in OAs is a multifactorial problem encompassing many bio-psychosocial factors. Factors affecting adherence in the elderly include socioeconomic status, education level, living arrangements, health status, pacemakers, physical fitness, and depression. Improving adherence could have a significant impact on longevity, quality of life, and health care costs.
Keywords: Geriatric Medicine, Health Care, Health Professionals, Exercise Adherence
Introduction
Geriatric health care delivery is a major public health issue. Geriatrics refers to diagnosing and treating older adults (OA) with complex medical conditions and social problems. A recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO) stated, “OA are generally defined according to a range of characteristics including chronological age, change in social role and changes in functional capabilities. In high-resourced countries older age is generally defined in relation to retirement from paid employment and receipt of a pension, at 60 or 65 years. With increasing longevity some countries define a separate group of oldest people, those over 85 years. In low-resourced countries with shorter life-spans, older people may be defined as those over 50 years” (World Health Organization, 2010a). OA are the largest and fastest growing segment of the population, which present significant challenges to the health care system. Understanding the factors contributing to the health practices of OA is important for professionals, paraprofessionals, and paid and unpaid caregivers who need basic and continuing geriatric education to improve care. Adherence to physical activity and exercise programs is a critical but poorly understood area for promoting health and longevity.
The terms physical activity and exercise are often used interchangeably, but they are different. Physical activity involves movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy from metabolism. It is grouped as occupational, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive. It promotes health, fitness, and skill and the results of the program can be measured with specific tests (Caspersen, Powell, & Christenson, 1985; F.
Frustrations in the GymThe purpose of this assignment is to .docxalisoncarleen
Frustrations in the Gym
The purpose of this assignment is to examine ethical issues for professionals working in exercise psychology, rehabilitation, and in other professions related to physical activity as a means for maintaining individual health and well-being. Ethical principles and guidelines, previously discussed, will be applied to these various environments for critical analysis and discussion. Despite the differences in environments, the ethical situations exercise psychology professionals face, often, fall within the same parameters as those of other helping professions.
For this assignment, first, read the following article from the Argosy University online library resources:
Pauline, J., Pauline, G., Johnson, S., & Gamble, K. (2006). Ethical issues in exercise psychology.
Ethics & Behavior
,
16
(1), 61–76.
Now, answer the following questions:
Are issues of competency and training more complex for exercise psychology professionals than for applied sport psychology professionals?
What ethical dilemmas are unique to the relationship between a client and an exercise psychology professional? Are there distinct differences in this relationship compared to a relationship between a client and a sport psychology professional?
Answer each question in 200–300 words. Your response should be in Microsoft Word document format. Name the file SP6300_M4_A1_LastName_FirstInitial.doc and submit it to the appropriate
Discussion Area
by
the due date assigned
.
Through the end of the module
, comment on the posts of two of your peers. In your reviews, check whether the answers given to the second question support their answers to the first one. Discuss any inconsistencies or similarities in your classmates' answers. All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.
Assignment 1 Grading CriteriaMaximum Points
Identified and described the differences in competency and training issues for exercise psychology professionals as compared to applied sport psychology professionals.8Analyzed and described the ethical dilemmas unique to exercise psychology professionals.8Compared the relationship between a client and an exercise psychology professional with that of the relationship between a client and a sport psychology professional.8Reviewed the posts of at least two peers and pointed out any inconsistencies and similarities.8Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.4
Total:36
Ethical Issues in Exercise Psychology
Jeffrey S. Pauline, Gina A. Pauline, Scott R. Johnson,
and Kelly M. Gamble
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
Ball State University
Exercise psychology encompasses the disciplines of psychiatry, clinical and counseling
psychology, health promotion, and themovement sciences. This emerging field involves
diverse mental he ...
Physical fitness, in general terms, is a person’s ability to meet the physical stresses and demands of a variety of physical activities efficiently and effectively. Physical fitness provides a person with the capacity to perform work safely in activities of daily living, including activities required for work at home and in the workplace, for leisure-time pursuits, and for sports.
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. Chapter 1: Nature and Scope of Physical
Education, Exercise Science, and Sport
What is “contemporary physical education?”
How do different areas of physical education
relate to the field overall?
What is the importance of creating your
personal philosophy of physical education,
exercise science, and sport?
2. Goals for Physical Educators
Access to physical education and sport for all,
regardless of: age, gender, race, ethnicity,
sexual orientation, disability status, income,
educational level, geographic location and
ability.
Prevent disease and positively contribute to
health and well-being of all participants.
3. Expansion of Physical Education,
Exercise Science, and Sport
Moved from the
traditional school setting
to:
Community
Home
Worksite
Commercial & Medical
Settings
Corporations
4. Who says Physical Activity is Good?
National Reports:
“Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the
Surgeon General”
“Healthy People 2010”
“Promoting Better Health for Young People
through Physical Activity and Sports”
5. Our Physical Activity Challenge:
Improve Participation of Populations with Low Rates of Physical Activity
Current Participation Patterns:
Women are generally less active than men at all ages.
African Americans and Hispanics are generally less active than whites.
People with low incomes are typically not as active as those with high incomes.
People with less education are generally not as active as those with higher levels of
education.
Adults in the Northeast and South tend to be less active than adults in the North Central
and Western States
People with disabilities are less physically active than people without disabilities.
Participation in physical activity declines with age. By age 75, one in 3 men and one in
two women engage in no physical activity.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving
Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November, 2000.
6. Definitions: Physical Education
Physical education….
An educational process that uses physical activity as
a means to help people acquire skills, fitness,
knowledge, and attitudes that contribute to their
optimal development and well-being.
Contributes to the development of the whole
person.
Education
An on-going process that occurs throughout our
lifespan.
7. Definitions: Exercise Science
Exercise Science…
The scientific analysis of exercise or physical
activity through theories from many different
disciplines such as biology, biochemistry,
physics, and psychology.
8. Definitions: Sports
Organized competitive activities governed
by rules that standardize the competition
and conditions so individuals can compete
fairly.
Competition against oneself or opponent(s).
Strategy and skill play a significant role in
the determination of the outcome.
10. The Field (More than a playing surface!)
Field…. “a combination of a well-established
discipline and one or more professions that deliver
a social service and are focused on common
goals.” (Corbin)
Discipline …“organized body of knowledge
embraced in a formal course of learning.” (Henry)
11. Physical Education, Exercise
Science and Sport: The Profession
Profession…
An occupation requiring specialized training in an
intellectual field of study that is dedicated to the
betterment of society through service to others.
Some examples of professional organizations:
12. Organizing The Profession
With developing technologies, knowledge,
and methods of inquiry from other
disciplines in the 1960s, physical education,
exercise science, and sport broadened its
horizons to incorporate the fields of
psychology and sociology.
The result:12 subdisciplines
13. Subdisciplines
Exercise physiology
Sports medicine
Sport biomechanics
Sport philosophy
Sport history
Sport psychology
Motor development
Motor learning
Sport sociology
Sport pedagogy
Adapted physical activity
Sport management
14. Exercise Physiology (Chapter 7)
Impact of exercise and physical activity on
the human body.
Short- and long-term adaptations of the
various systems of the body.
Effects of physical activity and exercise on
the health status of different populations.
ACSM:
15. Sports Medicine (Chapter 12)
Medical relationship between physical activity,
sports-related injuries, and the human body.
Prevention - the design of conditioning programs,
fitting of protective equipment, and counseling
regarding proper nutrition.
Treatment and rehabilitation - the assessment of
injuries, administration of first aid, design and
implementation of rehabilitation program and
treatment.
16. Sport Biomechanics (Chapter 6)
Applies the methods of physics to the
study of human motion and the motion
of sport objects.
Study the effects of force on the body
and sport objects.
Mechanical analysis of activities
(production of power, leverage, and
stability)
Analysis of effectiveness and
efficiency of movements
17. Sport Philosophy (Chapter 1)
Study of the nature of reality and values of movement
for all participants.
Debate critical issues, beliefs, and values relative to
physical education and sport (i.e.What is the
relationship between the mind and the body?).
Influences thoughts, actions, and decisions in our
professional endeavors and personal lives.
18. Sport History (Chapter 5)
Critical examination of the past with a focus on events,
people, and trends that influenced the direction of the
field.
The “who, what, when, where, how, and why of sport”
is examined within the social context of the time.
Looking into the past provides greater understanding of
present events and insight with respect to the future.
NASSH: North American Society for
Sport History publishes the Journal
of Sport History.
19. Sport and Exercise Psychology (Chapter 9)
Uses principles from psychology to study
human behavior in sport to enhance
performance.
Sport areas: achievement motivation,
arousal regulation, goal setting, self-
confidence, leadership, and team cohesion
Exercise areas: exercise addiction,
adherence, motivation, and satisfaction
20. Sport and Exercise Psychology (Chapter 9)
Sport areas:
achievement motivation
arousal regulation
goal setting
self-confidence
leadership
team cohesion
Exercise areas:
exercise addiction
adherence to
exercise
motivation
satisfaction
Uses principles from psychology to study
human behavior in sport to enhance performance.
21. Motor Development (Chapter 9)
Interaction of genetic and environmental
influences on movement and lifespan motor
development.
Use theories of development to design
appropriate movement experiences for
people of all ages and abilities.
22. Motor Learning (Chapter 9)
Study of factors that influence an
individual’s acquisition and performance of
skills, such as practice, experience, use of
reinforcement, and condition of learning
environment.
Progression through stages of learning from
a beginner to a highly skilled performer.
23. Sport Sociology (Chapter 8)
Study of the role of sport in society.
“What is the influence of society on sport?”
“What is the influence of sport on society?”
Center for the Study of Sport in
Society at Northeastern University
publishes the Journal of Sport and
Social Issues.
24. Sport Pedagogy (Chapter 11)
Study of teaching and learning.
Creation of effective learning
environments, instructional strategies,
outcome assessment, and relationship of
instructional process to learning.
Development of effective practitioners
through the analysis of the behaviors of
teachers/coaches and students/athletes.
25. Adapted Physical Activity (Chapter 11)
Providing individual programs and services
that encourage participation to the fullest
extent by those with disabilities.
26. Sport Management (Chapter 13)
Encompasses the managerial aspects of
sport and sport enterprise.
Facility and personnel management,
budgeting, promotion of events, media
relations, and programming.
The Journal of Sport Management
is the official journal of the North
American Society for Sport
Management (NASSM).
27. A New Name for the Field
Physical Education- traditional, but too narrow; does
not reflect the expanding nature of the field.
Kinesiology- study of human movement, but the
public is not familiar with the term.
Exercise and Sport Science- reflects the broad
emphasis of the field and easy to understand.
Physical Education and Sport- traditional, familiar,
and includes sport as a vital part.
No common agreement as to the name of the field, but
there is a growing central focus: Physical Activity.
28. Allied Fields
Health:
Health Instruction
Health Services
Environmental Health
Recreation
Dance
These fields share many purposes with physical education,
exercise science, and sport, but the content of the subject matter
and methods to reach their goals are different.
29. Definition of Terms
Health: a state of positive well-being
associated with freedom from disease or
illness.
Wellness: a state of positive biological and
psychological well-being that encompasses
a sense of well-being and quality of life.
30. Definition of Terms
Holistic Health: the physical, mental,
emotional, spiritual, social, environmental,
and genetic factors’ influence on an
individual’s life. (similar to wellness)
Quality of Life: overall sense of well-being
that has a different meaning for each
individual.
31. Definition of Terms
Physical activity: any bodily movement
produced by the contraction of the skeletal
muscles that increases energy expenditure
above the baseline level.
Exercise: physical activity that is planned,
structured, and repetitive with the purpose
of developing, improving, or maintaining
physical fitness.
32. Definition of Terms
Physical Fitness: the ability to perform
daily tasks with vigor and without undue
fatigue, and with sufficient energy to
engage in leisure-time pursuits, to meet
unforeseen emergencies, and the vitality to
perform at one’s fullest capacity.
Health-related and Performance-related
physical fitness: what are the components
of each?
33. Physical Fitness
Health-related Fitness
Cardiovascular endurance
Body composition
Flexibility
Muscular endurance
Muscular strength
Performance-related Fitness
– Agility
– Speed
– Coordination
– Power
– Reaction time
– Balance
34. Philosophy
“The love of wisdom” (Greek)
A set of beliefs relating to a particular field.
A system of values by which one lives and
works.
Helps individuals address the problems that
confront them through the use of critical
thinking, logical analysis, and reflective
appraisal.
35. Branches of Philosophy
Metaphysics- the ultimate nature of reality;
what is real and exists.
Epistemology- the nature of knowledge
Logic- Examines ideas in an orderly manner
and systematic way.
Axiology- the nature of values
Ethics: issues of right and wrong, responsibility,
and standards of conduct.
Aesthetics: the nature of beauty and art.
36. General Philosophies
Idealism: The mind interprets events and creates reality; truth and
values are absolute and universally shared.
Realism: The physical world is the real world and it is governed
by nature; science reveals the truth.
Pragmatism: Reality and truth is determined by an individual’s
life experiences.
Naturalism: Reality and life are governed by the laws of nature;
the individual is more important than the society.
Existentialism: Reality is based on human existence; individual
experiences determine what is true.
Humanism: Development of the full potential of each individual.
Emphasized meeting the needs individuals’ needs.
37. Philosophical Approaches
“Education of the Physical”
Focus on fitness development and acquisition
of skills; the development of the body.
“Education through the Physical”
Focus on the development of the total person:
Social, Emotional, Intellectual, and Physical
development.
38. Sport Philosophy
Study of the true meanings and actions of
sport and how sport contributes to our lives.
Eclectic philosophy of education (1875-1950)
Comparative Systems Approach (1950-1965)
Disciplinary Approach (1965-present)
Sport philosophy offers us guidance in
addressing inequities in physical activity
opportunities experienced by underserved
populations.
39. Why develop your own philosophy?
Assists in the development and
clarification of beliefs and values
that guide your behaviors.
Aids in decision-making.
Helps determine goals, objectives,
and methods of instruction and
evaluation used in physical
education programs