The document provides information on key events and developments during the Second Industrial Revolution period in the United States from 1865-1905. It describes the rise of large factories and cities as centers of industrial production. Important figures that emerged during this time include Thomas Edison who invented the light bulb, Andrew Carnegie who dominated the steel industry, and John D. Rockefeller who dominated the oil industry. It also discusses the treatment of Native American tribes like the Navajo, Nez Perce, and aftermath of the Wounded Knee Massacre.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Second Industrial Revolution period in the United States from 1870-1890, known as the Gilded Age. It describes how railroads drove industrialization and economic growth. New mass production techniques led to factory jobs becoming the primary employment. Inventions like the telephone and light bulb transformed society. Large monopolistic corporations like Standard Oil dominated industries. Working conditions were difficult and dangerous. Large economic inequality grew between the wealthy industrialists and working class. The West was transformed by farming, mining, and conflicts with Native Americans. Politics were corrupt and dominated by Republicans. New social ideologies like Social Darwinism emerged to explain inequality. Labor unrest grew but was suppressed after events like the Haymarket Affair.
Industrial america part 2 immigration urbanization and labor 2016Elhem Chniti
This is the last lecture for 2nd year students of English in American Civilization. It covers the second part of the Chapter on Industrial America and the social and labor issues related to the Gilded Age
The Roaring Twenties began after World War I as society embraced modernity and broke from tradition. New technologies like automobiles, movies, and radio spread popular culture. The US economy boomed due to government policies, consumerism, and mass production. Women gained more freedom through suffrage and the flapper lifestyle, though faced pressure to marry. Jazz music and dance defined nightlife in the era.
The document provides an overview of social changes in the United States during the 1920s known as the "Roaring Twenties". It describes how women gained new freedoms through women's suffrage and the ability to work in white collar jobs. It also discusses the rise of mass culture through new technologies like radio and movies. Prohibition led to the rise of organized crime as the liquor trade went underground. Tensions grew from modernization between rural and urban populations as well as clashes over race, immigration, and traditional values.
- New York City's population and economy exploded after the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, transforming it into the largest industrial city and commercial center in the United States.
- In the late 19th century, Jacob Riis' photographs in "How the Other Half Lives" brought attention to the extreme poverty and poor living conditions in New York City's tenements and slums.
- Between 1870-1914, millions of migrants traveled across the Atlantic to the United States, with New York receiving many immigrants due to its large port, though nativist sentiment grew concerned about the influx of newcomers.
By 1900, the U.S. had emerged as the world's leading industrial power due to its abundant natural resources, growing labor supply through immigration, capital investments, technological innovations, and business-friendly government policies. Wealthy industrialists and entrepreneurs like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Ford built vast industrial empires in steel, oil, banking, and automobiles through practices like vertical integration and trusts that eliminated competition. New technologies revolutionized areas like transportation, communication, manufacturing, and daily life. However, concerns grew about the power of large trusts and monopolies as well as wealth inequality between the rich industrialists and the working class.
Unit 1 powerpoint #1 (the gilded age intro to unit 1)Jason Lowe
The Gilded Age in United States history from the 1870s to around 1900 was a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth, but also marked by significant social and political problems. While on the surface the country appeared prosperous, underneath there was widespread poverty, corruption, and suffering for groups like Native Americans, African Americans, farmers, immigrants, women, and children. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain to reflect that outwardly America seemed golden but was flawed beneath.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Second Industrial Revolution period in the United States from 1870-1890, known as the Gilded Age. It describes how railroads drove industrialization and economic growth. New mass production techniques led to factory jobs becoming the primary employment. Inventions like the telephone and light bulb transformed society. Large monopolistic corporations like Standard Oil dominated industries. Working conditions were difficult and dangerous. Large economic inequality grew between the wealthy industrialists and working class. The West was transformed by farming, mining, and conflicts with Native Americans. Politics were corrupt and dominated by Republicans. New social ideologies like Social Darwinism emerged to explain inequality. Labor unrest grew but was suppressed after events like the Haymarket Affair.
Industrial america part 2 immigration urbanization and labor 2016Elhem Chniti
This is the last lecture for 2nd year students of English in American Civilization. It covers the second part of the Chapter on Industrial America and the social and labor issues related to the Gilded Age
The Roaring Twenties began after World War I as society embraced modernity and broke from tradition. New technologies like automobiles, movies, and radio spread popular culture. The US economy boomed due to government policies, consumerism, and mass production. Women gained more freedom through suffrage and the flapper lifestyle, though faced pressure to marry. Jazz music and dance defined nightlife in the era.
The document provides an overview of social changes in the United States during the 1920s known as the "Roaring Twenties". It describes how women gained new freedoms through women's suffrage and the ability to work in white collar jobs. It also discusses the rise of mass culture through new technologies like radio and movies. Prohibition led to the rise of organized crime as the liquor trade went underground. Tensions grew from modernization between rural and urban populations as well as clashes over race, immigration, and traditional values.
- New York City's population and economy exploded after the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, transforming it into the largest industrial city and commercial center in the United States.
- In the late 19th century, Jacob Riis' photographs in "How the Other Half Lives" brought attention to the extreme poverty and poor living conditions in New York City's tenements and slums.
- Between 1870-1914, millions of migrants traveled across the Atlantic to the United States, with New York receiving many immigrants due to its large port, though nativist sentiment grew concerned about the influx of newcomers.
By 1900, the U.S. had emerged as the world's leading industrial power due to its abundant natural resources, growing labor supply through immigration, capital investments, technological innovations, and business-friendly government policies. Wealthy industrialists and entrepreneurs like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Ford built vast industrial empires in steel, oil, banking, and automobiles through practices like vertical integration and trusts that eliminated competition. New technologies revolutionized areas like transportation, communication, manufacturing, and daily life. However, concerns grew about the power of large trusts and monopolies as well as wealth inequality between the rich industrialists and the working class.
Unit 1 powerpoint #1 (the gilded age intro to unit 1)Jason Lowe
The Gilded Age in United States history from the 1870s to around 1900 was a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth, but also marked by significant social and political problems. While on the surface the country appeared prosperous, underneath there was widespread poverty, corruption, and suffering for groups like Native Americans, African Americans, farmers, immigrants, women, and children. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain to reflect that outwardly America seemed golden but was flawed beneath.
New York City: The Crossroad of World TradeKristi Beria
1) New York City struggled to remain the economic and cultural center of America but was able to capitalize on developments in other cities. The merger of AOL and Time Warner helped keep New York's headquarters and status.
2) Chicago grew rapidly in the late 19th century, pioneering skyscrapers and urban design. The 1893 World's Fair transformed the city's landscape and civic identity.
3) New York's population exploded in the early and mid-19th century due to immigration and the Erie Canal, leading to overcrowding and slum conditions. Tensions rose during economic crises and the Civil War draft.
The Roaring Twenties saw a period of economic prosperity in the United States following World War 1. New industries like cars and radio grew thanks to mass production, which made goods more affordable and accessible to common people. However, this rise in consumerism and easy credit led many to take on debts they could not repay, contributing to the Great Depression. Lifestyles also became more modern and focused on leisure, as flappers rejected traditional standards and speakeasies sold illegal liquor despite Prohibition.
The document discusses several key aspects of life in the United States during the 1920s including the booming economy, new technologies like the automobile, and cultural changes like the emergence of jazz music. The economy grew strongly after World War I due to increased industrial production and consumer spending, enabled by the rise of installment plans that let people buy goods on credit. Cars became very popular and transformed American society through new industries, suburbs, and roads. Culturally, the 1920s saw the rise of jazz music and new forms of popular entertainment.
During the 1920s in the US, politics were dominated by the presidencies of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Harding's administration was tainted by scandal, while Coolidge pursued policies of deregulation and tax cuts. Society became more urbanized and consumerist. New technologies like the radio and movies popularized culture on a national scale. However, social changes encountered resistance from those clinging to traditional values, exemplified by the Scopes Trial. The period also saw tensions over immigration, nativism, and racial issues. Disillusioned writers like Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Lewis critiqued and commented on this changing era.
The 1920s in America, also known as the "Roaring Twenties", saw a period of economic prosperity and social change. New technologies like cars, appliances, and radios became widely available to consumers, fueling economic growth. However, prosperity was uneven, with farmers struggling. Socially, the era saw cultural changes like women gaining the right to vote and flappers rebelling against traditional gender roles. The Harlem Renaissance flourished as a period of black artistic achievement. The era ended with the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression.
Here are two things that most shaped 1920s culture:
1. Automobiles - The widespread availability and adoption of affordable cars like the Model T transformed American society, enabling new freedoms and the growth of suburbs.
2. Jazz music - Emerging from New Orleans and cities of the Great Migration, jazz became immensely popular nationwide in the 1920s. It reflected and influenced social changes through its improvisational and syncopated style.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. It describes the rapid urbanization and demographic changes of the period. Women gained new freedoms during the 1920s as flappers challenged traditional roles. Prohibition sparked growth in organized crime as gangsters profited from bootlegging. The arts flourished through new media like radio and movies.
This document summarizes the settlement of the American West between the 1860s-1890s and the clashes that ensued with Native Americans. It describes how settlers pushed westward due to manifest destiny and incentives like the Homestead Act. The construction of the transcontinental railroad and arrival of settlers led to numerous conflicts with tribes as they resisted losing their lands, such as at the Sand Creek and Wounded Knee massacres. Ultimately the Native Americans were defeated and forced onto reservations as the government sought to assimilate them through policies like the Dawes Act.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. Some key points covered include:
- The era was defined by industrial growth, consumer demand, and changes in lifestyle from 1918-1929.
- Urbanization accelerated and more Americans lived in cities, with New York and Chicago seeing large populations.
- Prohibition sparked debate between rural and urban areas and led to the growth of organized crime.
- Women gained new freedoms but still faced discrimination, and birth rates declined with new access to contraception.
- Developments in media, entertainment, arts, and sports captured the nation's attention in the "Roaring Twenties".
1) By 1900, 40% of Americans lived in cities and towns due to urbanization and the exodus of black workers from southern farms to northern cities. Streetcars replaced horse-drawn carriages and allowed cities to grow larger.
2) Andrew Carnegie built his steel empire in Pittsburgh using vertical integration, selling his company to J.P. Morgan for $400 million in 1900.
3) The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 killed 145 garment workers, mostly young women, and led to increased union membership and stricter safety regulations.
11.1 culture of the roaring twenties 1920-1929jtoma84
The document discusses various aspects of social, economic, and political life in the United States during the 1920s, including the economic boom following WWI, rise of radical politics, passage of restrictive immigration laws, Prohibition and rise of organized crime, Scopes "Monkey" Trial, growth of consumerism fueled by mass production and advertising, and new technologies emerging during the decade. Fears of communism and xenophobia led to suppression of civil liberties and discrimination against immigrants and political radicals. The period was one of social change, economic growth, and cultural transformation in American society.
As more Americans moved to cities in the late 1800s, urban populations swelled, creating new challenges. New technologies like skyscrapers, elevators, and heating systems helped accommodate more residents. Mass transit systems like streetcars and subways also helped reshape cities and allow residents to move to suburbs. However, many workers lived in overcrowded and unsanitary tenement housing. Cities worked to provide services like water, sewers, police and firefighters to address public health and safety issues arising from rapid urban growth.
The document summarizes the key causes of conflict between the North and South in the period before the Civil War, including slavery, states' rights, and economic differences. It describes the rise of abolitionist movements like the Underground Railroad and the passage of laws like the Fugitive Slave Act, which increased tensions. It then contrasts the industrializing Northern economy with transportation improvements and the agricultural plantation economy of the South dependent on slave labor and cotton.
The 1920s was a decade of social, political, and economic change in the United States. After World War I and the Russian Revolution, there was a "Red Scare" where fear of communism led to attacks on radicals. The 1920 election saw a return to "normalcy" under Warren Harding. The decade saw rapid economic growth driven by new industries like automobiles, installment buying, and advertising. However, scandals plagued Harding's administration. Socially, Prohibition sparked crime while new freedoms for women and the Harlem Renaissance countered persisting fundamentalism and racism.
The document provides an overview of several key events and trends in the United States during the 1920s. It describes the post-World War I recession, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It then summarizes the presidencies of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, their support of business and laissez-faire policies. Major factors in 1920s prosperity included the rise of the automobile industry, new mass production technologies, and the age of mass consumption fueled by advertising and consumer credit. However, prosperity was uneven and some groups like farmers and workers faced difficulties. The Temperance movement also led to Prohibition in 1919.
The document provides an overview of several key people, events, and developments that occurred in the United States during the 1920s. It mentions postwar isolationism, nativism, and fears of communism that led to the Palmer Raids and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It also discusses social changes like Prohibition, the rise of fundamentalism, Scopes Trial, flappers and new styles for women. Additionally, it outlines technological innovations, the growth of consumerism, and cultural developments like the Harlem Renaissance and works of writers like Fitzgerald and Hemingway that captured the era.
APUSH 1870-1900: cities, immigration, and labor unionsja swa
The document summarizes changes in American cities between 1870-1900, including rapid industrialization, immigration, and population growth. Millions of immigrants arrived from Europe during this period, and the urban population increased over 700% as people moved from rural to urban areas. New York, Chicago, and other major cities saw growing overcrowding and poor living conditions in tenement housing and slums. Reformers like Jacob Riis documented these issues to promote social reform.
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic prosperity and mass production in the United States following World War I. New industries like automobiles and radios grew rapidly due to affordable mass production. However, the passage of Prohibition led to the rise of bootleggers and speakeasies, and many Americans took on debt they could not repay, foreshadowing the Great Depression. Politically, the era was dominated by Republican presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Socially, lifestyles became more urban and focused on leisure, though traditional rural values still held sway for many Americans.
1. Between 1870 and 1920, millions of immigrants came to the United States from Southern and Eastern Europe, facing challenges in their journey and adapting to American life.
2. These new immigrants faced push factors like poverty and war in their home countries, and were pulled by opportunities in America, but had to overcome difficulties including disease-ridden transatlantic voyages and learning English.
3. While immigrants contributed to industrial growth and transformed American culture, they also faced hostility from native-born Americans and some restrictions on immigration were put in place.
The document summarizes the closing of the Western frontier in the United States between 1860-1900. It discusses the many groups that were involved including Native Americans, miners, cattlemen, farmers, railroads, and the U.S. government. It also describes some of the key events like the building of the transcontinental railroad, the cattle drives, conflicts over land use, and battles between the U.S. army and Plains Indians as Native lands were increasingly encroached upon.
The document discusses westward expansion in the United States following the Civil War. It describes how the 1862 Homestead Act encouraged settlement by offering citizens parcels of free or low-cost land. The transcontinental railroad network expanded rapidly in the late 1800s, opening up the West to greater development. Cattle ranching became a major industry, with longhorn cattle driven north on trails like the Chisholm Trail to railheads and markets. Conflict increased with Plains Indians as settlers and the army seized more land, culminating in the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 that marked the end of the Plains Indian way of life.
The document discusses life in America during the Gilded Age from 1870-1890. Key points:
1) Rapid industrialization, fueled by new technologies like railroads, created great wealth for some but also poor living/working conditions for many immigrants in cities.
2) Business consolidation led to trusts and monopolies controlled by "robber barons." While some philanthropists aimed to improve society, inequality grew sharply.
3) As the West developed, Native Americans faced increasing conflict as the US took their lands to access resources, culminating in the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890.
New York City: The Crossroad of World TradeKristi Beria
1) New York City struggled to remain the economic and cultural center of America but was able to capitalize on developments in other cities. The merger of AOL and Time Warner helped keep New York's headquarters and status.
2) Chicago grew rapidly in the late 19th century, pioneering skyscrapers and urban design. The 1893 World's Fair transformed the city's landscape and civic identity.
3) New York's population exploded in the early and mid-19th century due to immigration and the Erie Canal, leading to overcrowding and slum conditions. Tensions rose during economic crises and the Civil War draft.
The Roaring Twenties saw a period of economic prosperity in the United States following World War 1. New industries like cars and radio grew thanks to mass production, which made goods more affordable and accessible to common people. However, this rise in consumerism and easy credit led many to take on debts they could not repay, contributing to the Great Depression. Lifestyles also became more modern and focused on leisure, as flappers rejected traditional standards and speakeasies sold illegal liquor despite Prohibition.
The document discusses several key aspects of life in the United States during the 1920s including the booming economy, new technologies like the automobile, and cultural changes like the emergence of jazz music. The economy grew strongly after World War I due to increased industrial production and consumer spending, enabled by the rise of installment plans that let people buy goods on credit. Cars became very popular and transformed American society through new industries, suburbs, and roads. Culturally, the 1920s saw the rise of jazz music and new forms of popular entertainment.
During the 1920s in the US, politics were dominated by the presidencies of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Harding's administration was tainted by scandal, while Coolidge pursued policies of deregulation and tax cuts. Society became more urbanized and consumerist. New technologies like the radio and movies popularized culture on a national scale. However, social changes encountered resistance from those clinging to traditional values, exemplified by the Scopes Trial. The period also saw tensions over immigration, nativism, and racial issues. Disillusioned writers like Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Lewis critiqued and commented on this changing era.
The 1920s in America, also known as the "Roaring Twenties", saw a period of economic prosperity and social change. New technologies like cars, appliances, and radios became widely available to consumers, fueling economic growth. However, prosperity was uneven, with farmers struggling. Socially, the era saw cultural changes like women gaining the right to vote and flappers rebelling against traditional gender roles. The Harlem Renaissance flourished as a period of black artistic achievement. The era ended with the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression.
Here are two things that most shaped 1920s culture:
1. Automobiles - The widespread availability and adoption of affordable cars like the Model T transformed American society, enabling new freedoms and the growth of suburbs.
2. Jazz music - Emerging from New Orleans and cities of the Great Migration, jazz became immensely popular nationwide in the 1920s. It reflected and influenced social changes through its improvisational and syncopated style.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. It describes the rapid urbanization and demographic changes of the period. Women gained new freedoms during the 1920s as flappers challenged traditional roles. Prohibition sparked growth in organized crime as gangsters profited from bootlegging. The arts flourished through new media like radio and movies.
This document summarizes the settlement of the American West between the 1860s-1890s and the clashes that ensued with Native Americans. It describes how settlers pushed westward due to manifest destiny and incentives like the Homestead Act. The construction of the transcontinental railroad and arrival of settlers led to numerous conflicts with tribes as they resisted losing their lands, such as at the Sand Creek and Wounded Knee massacres. Ultimately the Native Americans were defeated and forced onto reservations as the government sought to assimilate them through policies like the Dawes Act.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. Some key points covered include:
- The era was defined by industrial growth, consumer demand, and changes in lifestyle from 1918-1929.
- Urbanization accelerated and more Americans lived in cities, with New York and Chicago seeing large populations.
- Prohibition sparked debate between rural and urban areas and led to the growth of organized crime.
- Women gained new freedoms but still faced discrimination, and birth rates declined with new access to contraception.
- Developments in media, entertainment, arts, and sports captured the nation's attention in the "Roaring Twenties".
1) By 1900, 40% of Americans lived in cities and towns due to urbanization and the exodus of black workers from southern farms to northern cities. Streetcars replaced horse-drawn carriages and allowed cities to grow larger.
2) Andrew Carnegie built his steel empire in Pittsburgh using vertical integration, selling his company to J.P. Morgan for $400 million in 1900.
3) The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 killed 145 garment workers, mostly young women, and led to increased union membership and stricter safety regulations.
11.1 culture of the roaring twenties 1920-1929jtoma84
The document discusses various aspects of social, economic, and political life in the United States during the 1920s, including the economic boom following WWI, rise of radical politics, passage of restrictive immigration laws, Prohibition and rise of organized crime, Scopes "Monkey" Trial, growth of consumerism fueled by mass production and advertising, and new technologies emerging during the decade. Fears of communism and xenophobia led to suppression of civil liberties and discrimination against immigrants and political radicals. The period was one of social change, economic growth, and cultural transformation in American society.
As more Americans moved to cities in the late 1800s, urban populations swelled, creating new challenges. New technologies like skyscrapers, elevators, and heating systems helped accommodate more residents. Mass transit systems like streetcars and subways also helped reshape cities and allow residents to move to suburbs. However, many workers lived in overcrowded and unsanitary tenement housing. Cities worked to provide services like water, sewers, police and firefighters to address public health and safety issues arising from rapid urban growth.
The document summarizes the key causes of conflict between the North and South in the period before the Civil War, including slavery, states' rights, and economic differences. It describes the rise of abolitionist movements like the Underground Railroad and the passage of laws like the Fugitive Slave Act, which increased tensions. It then contrasts the industrializing Northern economy with transportation improvements and the agricultural plantation economy of the South dependent on slave labor and cotton.
The 1920s was a decade of social, political, and economic change in the United States. After World War I and the Russian Revolution, there was a "Red Scare" where fear of communism led to attacks on radicals. The 1920 election saw a return to "normalcy" under Warren Harding. The decade saw rapid economic growth driven by new industries like automobiles, installment buying, and advertising. However, scandals plagued Harding's administration. Socially, Prohibition sparked crime while new freedoms for women and the Harlem Renaissance countered persisting fundamentalism and racism.
The document provides an overview of several key events and trends in the United States during the 1920s. It describes the post-World War I recession, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It then summarizes the presidencies of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, their support of business and laissez-faire policies. Major factors in 1920s prosperity included the rise of the automobile industry, new mass production technologies, and the age of mass consumption fueled by advertising and consumer credit. However, prosperity was uneven and some groups like farmers and workers faced difficulties. The Temperance movement also led to Prohibition in 1919.
The document provides an overview of several key people, events, and developments that occurred in the United States during the 1920s. It mentions postwar isolationism, nativism, and fears of communism that led to the Palmer Raids and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It also discusses social changes like Prohibition, the rise of fundamentalism, Scopes Trial, flappers and new styles for women. Additionally, it outlines technological innovations, the growth of consumerism, and cultural developments like the Harlem Renaissance and works of writers like Fitzgerald and Hemingway that captured the era.
APUSH 1870-1900: cities, immigration, and labor unionsja swa
The document summarizes changes in American cities between 1870-1900, including rapid industrialization, immigration, and population growth. Millions of immigrants arrived from Europe during this period, and the urban population increased over 700% as people moved from rural to urban areas. New York, Chicago, and other major cities saw growing overcrowding and poor living conditions in tenement housing and slums. Reformers like Jacob Riis documented these issues to promote social reform.
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic prosperity and mass production in the United States following World War I. New industries like automobiles and radios grew rapidly due to affordable mass production. However, the passage of Prohibition led to the rise of bootleggers and speakeasies, and many Americans took on debt they could not repay, foreshadowing the Great Depression. Politically, the era was dominated by Republican presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Socially, lifestyles became more urban and focused on leisure, though traditional rural values still held sway for many Americans.
1. Between 1870 and 1920, millions of immigrants came to the United States from Southern and Eastern Europe, facing challenges in their journey and adapting to American life.
2. These new immigrants faced push factors like poverty and war in their home countries, and were pulled by opportunities in America, but had to overcome difficulties including disease-ridden transatlantic voyages and learning English.
3. While immigrants contributed to industrial growth and transformed American culture, they also faced hostility from native-born Americans and some restrictions on immigration were put in place.
The document summarizes the closing of the Western frontier in the United States between 1860-1900. It discusses the many groups that were involved including Native Americans, miners, cattlemen, farmers, railroads, and the U.S. government. It also describes some of the key events like the building of the transcontinental railroad, the cattle drives, conflicts over land use, and battles between the U.S. army and Plains Indians as Native lands were increasingly encroached upon.
The document discusses westward expansion in the United States following the Civil War. It describes how the 1862 Homestead Act encouraged settlement by offering citizens parcels of free or low-cost land. The transcontinental railroad network expanded rapidly in the late 1800s, opening up the West to greater development. Cattle ranching became a major industry, with longhorn cattle driven north on trails like the Chisholm Trail to railheads and markets. Conflict increased with Plains Indians as settlers and the army seized more land, culminating in the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 that marked the end of the Plains Indian way of life.
The document discusses life in America during the Gilded Age from 1870-1890. Key points:
1) Rapid industrialization, fueled by new technologies like railroads, created great wealth for some but also poor living/working conditions for many immigrants in cities.
2) Business consolidation led to trusts and monopolies controlled by "robber barons." While some philanthropists aimed to improve society, inequality grew sharply.
3) As the West developed, Native Americans faced increasing conflict as the US took their lands to access resources, culminating in the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890.
Covers the effects of nineteenth century industrialization and the rise of the "robber barons" including Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan.
The document provides details about the settling of the American West in the late 19th century, including the gold rush in Nevada, cattle ranching and drives, farming on the Great Plains, and conflicts with Native Americans. It describes how the discovery of gold and silver in Nevada led to a boomtown of 30,000 people in Virginia City almost overnight in 1859. Cattle drives along trails like the Chisholm Trail brought over 1.5 million head of cattle from Texas to Kansas between 1867 and 1871. Farming on the Great Plains was challenging due to lack of water and trees and threats of fires and grasshoppers but new technologies like barbed wire and steam-powered farming equipment enabled settlement. Conflicts with Native Americans
1) The document describes the settlement of the American West in the late 19th century, including conflicts between Native tribes and settlers over land use and the destruction of the buffalo.
2) It also discusses the rise of cattle ranching and farming on the Great Plains, the economic struggles of farmers in the 1880s-1890s, and the Populist movement that arose in response to fight railroads and banks.
3) Although the Populist Party collapsed after William Jennings Bryan's 1896 presidential loss, it left a lasting legacy of reforms and a message that organized groups of common people can make their voices heard.
Capitalism- The American experience 1907-1941.pptxJon Newland
The document provides background information on the rise of capitalism in the United States from 1907-1941. It discusses the key causes including the expansion of railways, post-Civil War reconstruction, immigrant labor, the discovery of oil, and mass production. Important individuals like Rockefeller, Carnegie, Ford, and Morgan helped drive industrialization. The Gilded Age saw huge economic growth but also the rise of monopolies and inequality. The Progressive Era brought reforms to regulate industry and protect workers in response to these issues.
The document provides a history of the Tumalo Project from 1913-1914. It summarizes the competition between promoters of Laidlaw (Tumalo) and Bend to attract settlers in the early 1900s, as both areas had extensive irrigation projects planned. William A. Laidlaw arrived in 1902 and took advantage of the excitement to sell lands to hundreds of settlers, though much less land was actually irrigated than was sold. The settlers fought for years with the irrigation district over the failed promises before improvements were finally made to the irrigation systems in the 1910s.
This document provides a timeline of key events from 1862 to 1895 in United States history. Some of the major events included are the Homestead Act of 1862, the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864, the establishment of the Buffalo Soldiers in 1866, the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876, and the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling in 1896 upholding racial segregation. The timeline touches on many topics including westward expansion, Native American relations, the Civil War era, industrialization, and social/political reforms of the late 19th century.
This document provides an overview of the history of lighthouses in Grand Haven, Michigan. It discusses the three different lighthouse structures that have stood at the site, as well as the piers and fog signal. It also describes some of the lighthouse keepers who served and provides details on the sinking of the ship Ironsides off the coast of Grand Haven in 1873. The lighthouses helped guide ships navigating the Grand Haven channel, while the piers and fog signal provided additional aids to navigation for mariners. The keepers lived on site and worked to maintain the lights that warned of hazards and guided vessels safely to port.
The document provides a timeline of key events from 1862 to 1895 in United States history. Some of the notable events included in the timeline are the Homestead Act of 1862, the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864, the establishment of the Buffalo Soldiers in 1866, the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876, and Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 which upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal".
- Wilfrid Laurier served as Prime Minister of Canada from 1896 to 1911 during a period of economic prosperity and growth in Canada.
- His Liberal party supported expanding free trade with the United States while the Conservative party supported protective tariffs and trade within the British Empire.
- By 1911, prosperity declined and Laurier's support for reciprocity with the US cost him the election as many Canadians feared increased American competition, leading to Robert Borden and the Conservatives taking power.
The growth of the American railroad industry in the late 19th century helped expand the steel industry to meet demand for rails and equipment. Henry Bessemer's invention revolutionized steel production. Railroads also relied on Chinese immigrant laborers who faced dangerous working conditions building tracks. When completed in 1869, the transcontinental railroad connected farmers and ranchers to new markets. Wealthy industrialists like John D. Rockefeller in oil and Andrew Carnegie in steel took advantage of growing industries to amass great fortunes and influence through monopolies and new business practices, sparking reform movements targeting big business' power by the early 1900s. Inventors like Thomas Edison also drove industrialization through innovations like the light bulb and phonograph.
The end of the Indian Wars in 1885 marked the end of threats to settlers in the West, sparking mass migration. The population of California rose by over 600,000 people between 1890 and 1900. Barbed wire was invented in 1874, fencing off the Great Plains and ending the era of cattle drives and cowboys. Railroads were built through the West in the late 1800s, connecting new territories and encouraging settlement through land grants from the government. The railroads reduced costs and increased access, further opening the West to migration.
This document summarizes the transformation of the United States from a rural, agricultural nation after the Civil War into a industrialized, urbanized country by the early 20th century. The industrial revolution, powered by new technologies like railroads, steamboats, and factories, dramatically changed the US economy and society. Massive industrial and population growth centered in cities, which became the hubs of manufacturing. By 1900, the US had become the world's leading industrial power and first modern society, though it still retained aspects of its original character.
- Legislator focused on social development and the military between 1865-1895. Key events included the Exoduses of African Americans moving from the post-reconstruction South to Kansas, the establishment of the Buffalo Soldiers cavalry regiment in 1866, and the Sand Creek Massacre of Cheyenne tribespeople in Colorado in 1864.
- Important economic and social developments included the Homestead Act of 1862, providing free land to settlers, the Bessemer steel manufacturing process, and the rise of agricultural organizations like the Grange in the 1870s.
- Industrialists like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and Thomas Edison built business empires in steel, oil, and electricity during this period. Social movements also emerged,
Canada was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples like the Inuit. French influence began in 1627 with the establishment of New France. British influence grew through the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670. Canada was divided into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791, and the colonies united as the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Immigration, especially from Europe, helped grow Canada's population and economy over subsequent decades. Canada has a long history welcoming immigrants and maintains its cultural diversity.
After the Civil War, Americans began settling in the West in large numbers, pursuing opportunities in mining, ranching, and farming. Life for these settlers and for the Native Americans who already lived there was often difficult. The railroads played a key role in enabling and hastening migration West by transporting both settlers and cattle. During this period of western expansion and settlement, many Native American tribes lost their traditional homelands and ways of life.
American civilization started a year.
It's one of the good
I missed the links.
This is not exactly but its 80% covered
if anything added just give me the comments
below
Thank you.
The West
You can download the powerpoint presentation from my website http://historyteacherheaven.com
This will allow you to see all the clips and present it to your own class. This one is free. If you like it, buy some of my other creations for only $10
The document discusses the agricultural resources and economic performance of several countries during World War I. It notes that the Entente countries and U.S. had large, productive agricultural sectors that could increase food production to meet the needs of armed forces and civilians. For countries like Germany and Russia, an inefficient peasant agriculture hindered their mobilization efforts for war and ultimately led to problems like famine and revolution. The document then provides various details on the economic impacts and challenges faced by Britain, France, Germany, Russia and the U.S. during the war.
Similar to Chapter 16: America's Gilded Age, 1870-1890 (20)
The document discusses plant structures and their functions. It explains that plants are autotrophs that produce their own food through photosynthesis. It describes the aboveground and belowground structures of plants including leaves, stems, flowers, and roots. It also discusses transport tissues, meristems, and plant responses to stimuli like light and touch.
Sexual and asexual reproduction are the two main types of reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form offspring, while asexual reproduction requires only one individual and creates offspring without gamete fusion. Examples of asexual reproduction include budding, where new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones. Sexual reproduction can involve external fertilization, where eggs and sperm fuse outside the body, or internal fertilization within the female reproductive tract. Pregnancy in humans involves three trimesters of fetal development, labor and birth in the third trimester, and potential lactation afterwards. Contraception aims to prevent pregnancy through methods that block the release of eggs and sperm, keep them apart,
The document discusses homeostasis and the role of the urinary system in regulating water balance and acid-base balance. It defines key terms like osmoregulation and describes different mechanisms of waste excretion. It then details the structure and function of the nephron, including glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and concentration of urine in regulating solutes and water. Finally, it explains how the kidneys control pH through buffering and excretion of excess acids or bases to maintain acid-base balance.
The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other materials throughout the body. Blood is pumped from the heart through arteries and returns via veins, with gas exchange occurring in capillaries. There are two main circuits - the pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Contraction of the heart is initiated by the sinoatrial node and spreads through the heart muscle, pumping blood into arteries with each beat.
This document defines key terms and concepts related to animal nutrition and digestion. It discusses the main types of animals based on their diets (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores), essential nutrients including amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. It describes the basic processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination. It provides details on the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. It also discusses tissues, organs and organ systems in animals.
This document summarizes several key political and social events and policies from 1989 to 2000, including:
- Welfare reform in the 1990s that imposed stricter limits on cash assistance programs.
- The establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 to reduce trade barriers between nations.
- The Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991 where a US-led coalition liberated Kuwait from Iraqi invasion.
- Bill Clinton's first term in office from 1993-1996 where he enacted some more progressive social and economic policies compared to previous administrations.
1. Title IX banned gender discrimination in education and prohibited sex-based discrimination in federally funded education programs.
2. Nixon established diplomatic relations with China in 1979, increasing trade between the two countries.
3. Key events of the Nixon and Reagan administrations included the oil crisis, Nixon's pardon for Watergate, the Iranian hostage crisis, the savings and loan crisis, and the Iran-Contra affair.
The document summarizes key political and social events in the United States from 1969-1988, during the rise of conservatism. It describes Nixon's establishment of relations with China, his domestic policies scaling back the Great Society, and his resignation due to the Watergate scandal. It also discusses the Iranian hostage crisis under Carter, Reagan's economic and social policies including Reaganomics, and diplomatic agreements between the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War, including detente policies under Nixon.
The document provides information on several key civil rights and social justice organizations that emerged during the 1960s as well as some of the major events and policies of that transformative decade. It discusses groups like the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) that fought for racial integration and equality through nonviolent protest. Major events covered include the Freedom Rides of 1961, the March on Washington in 1963 where MLK delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech, and the 1965 Selma campaign and subsequent passage of the Voting Rights Act. The document also outlines the rise of more militant groups like the Black Panther Party and key Supreme Court cases like Loving
This document summarizes several key events and developments in the United States between 1953-1960. It discusses the rise of suburban housing developments, the ongoing legal challenges to school segregation led by Thurgood Marshall, President Eisenhower's moderate conservative policies, and the emergence of the Beat generation of writers. It also covers the Supreme Court's landmark 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, the Montgomery Bus Boycott sparked by Rosa Parks, and the resistance to desegregation efforts that followed including in Little Rock, Arkansas. John F. Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon in the 1960 presidential election campaigning on a platform of support for civil rights and new social programs.
The document summarizes key events and individuals related to the Cold War in the late 1940s and 1950s:
- The Truman Doctrine of 1947 promised US support to countries resisting communism and led to the policy of containment of communism. This aided Greece in defeating communist guerrillas.
- The Marshall Plan (1947-1948) provided US aid to Western Europe to rebuild after WWII and prevent the spread of communism.
- Events like the Berlin Blockade (1948-1949) and formation of NATO (1949) increased tensions between the US and USSR in Europe.
- The Korean War (1950-1953) further escalated Cold War hostilities as US and UN forces fought against North Korea and
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932 on a platform of a "New Deal" to address the Great Depression. His administration created numerous relief programs and agencies to provide jobs, stabilize the economy, and reform the financial system, including the Civilian Conservation Corps, Public Works Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Agricultural Adjustment Act, and Social Security Act. The New Deal aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform across many sectors of the American economy and society.
Safe for Democracy: The United States and World War I, 1916–1920 Heather Powell
The document provides background information on several topics related to World War 1 and the early 20th century United States. It discusses the Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, Panama Canal, pluralism in democracy, Niagara Movement, Woodrow Wilson's presidency and role in WWI, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Allied and Central powers, events like the sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram, Fourteen Points, Vladimir Lenin, Bernard Baruch, 19th Amendment, Prohibition, Espionage Act of 1917, NAACP, Gentleman's Agreement, WEB DuBois, Niagara Movement, Great Migration, UNIA, USSR, Red Scare, and the
The Progressive Era saw calls for reforms to address issues stemming from rapid industrialization, such as political corruption, monopolies, unsafe working conditions, and social problems. Muckrakers like Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffens exposed these issues through investigative journalism. Their work helped spur support for reforms like the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and 17th Amendment requiring direct election of Senators. Reformers also advocated for women's suffrage, child labor laws, an income tax, and union rights. Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson both pushed agendas for regulation and trust-busting to curb corporate abuses and protect workers and consumers.
The document provides information on several topics from the late 19th century, including:
1) Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel industry in the 1890s through vertical integration and accumulated a fortune of hundreds of millions.
2) The Farmers' Alliance grew to 1.5 million members by 1890 advocating for electoral reforms and economic policies like the sub-treasury plan and free silver coinage.
3) The 1892 Omaha Platform of the Populist Party called for income taxes, government ownership of railroads, and other reforms influenced by the Farmers' Alliance.
What is Freedom? Reconstruction Chapter 15Heather Powell
The document summarizes key events and terms related to the emancipation of slaves and Reconstruction in the United States after the Civil War. It discusses freed slaves relishing their newfound freedom from regulations, the strengthening of black churches and schools, the challenges faced by former slave owners, and the narrow view of black freedom held by most planters. Key terms and events summarized include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Freedmen's Bureau, Andrew Johnson, sharecropping, the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, and the Ku Klux Klan. Radical Republicans pushed for stronger federal protections of black civil rights during Reconstruction.
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders and their treatment. It discusses what constitutes abnormal behavior and outlines several approaches to understanding the etiology of psychological disorders, including the biological, psychological, and sociocultural approaches. It then describes several major categories of psychological disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. For each disorder, it provides details on symptoms, causes, and common treatments. It also discusses different classification systems for psychological disorders and criticisms of these systems.
Social psychology is the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to others. It explores areas like social cognition, person perception, stereotypes, self-fulfilling prophecies, attribution theory, heuristics, attitudes, persuasion, altruism, aggression, conformity, and obedience. Key concepts include the fundamental attribution error, the false consensus effect, cognitive dissonance, and social influence through conformity, obedience, and group dynamics.
This document provides an overview of motivation and emotion. It discusses biological and psychological theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive-reduction theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Key topics on emotion include the biology of emotion such as the autonomic nervous system, measuring arousal, and theories of emotion like James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory. Gender differences in the expression and experience of emotions are also summarized.
The document discusses several topics related to human development across the lifespan:
- Development refers to continuity and change in human capabilities from life to death, involving both growth and decline.
- Cross-sectional studies assess people of different ages at a single point in time to note age differences.
- Resilience is the ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times despite encountering adversity.
- Development involves physical, cognitive, and socioemotional processes that change across the lifespan. Prenatal development and infant development are also summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Chapter 16: America's Gilded Age, 1870-1890
1.
2. SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• 1865-1905: THE U.S. HAD A SURGE OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH WHICH BECAME KNOWN AS THE SECOND
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ASTOUNDING PACE AND MAGNITUDE
• EMERGENCE OF FACTORY AS FOREMOST REALM OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
• EMERGENCE OF CITY AS CHIEF SETTING FOR MANUFACTURE
• LEADING INDUSTRIAL CITIES
•
•
•
NEW YORK
CHICAGO
PITTSBURGH
• SINGLE-INDUSTRY CITIES
3. THOMAS EDISON
• THOMAS A, EDISON INVENTED THE INCANDESCENT LAMP (OR LIGHT BULB) WHICH COULD BE USED FOR
BOTH STREET AND HOME LIGHTING
• EDISON AND OTHERS DESIGNED IMPROVED GENERATORS AND BUILT LARGE POWER PLANTS TO FURNISH
ELECTRICITY TO WHOLE CITIES
4. THOMAS A. SCOTT
• UNDER THE AGGRESSIVE LEADERSHIP OF THOMAS A. SCOTT, PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD- FOR A TIME THE
NATION’S LARGEST CORPORATION- FORGED AN ECONOMIC EMPIRE THAT STRETCHED ACROSS THE
CONTINENT AND INCLUDED COAL MINES AND OCEANGOING STEAMSHIP
• WITH ANY ARMY OF PROFESSIONAL MANAGERS TO OVERSEE IT FAR-FLUNG ACTIVITIES, THE RAILROAD
PIONEERED MODERN TECHNIQUES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
5. ANDREW CARNEGIE
• ANDREW CARNEGIE, WHO EMIGRATED WITH HIS FAMILY FROM HIS NATIVE SCOTLAND AT THE AGE OF THIRTEEN
AND WAS A TEENAGER WORKED IN A PENNSYLVANIA TEXTILE FACTOR
• 1873, CARNEGIE SET OUT TO ESTABLISH A “VERTICALLY INTEGRATED’ STEEL COMPANY
• 190O’S; HE DOMINATE THE STEEL INDUSTRY AND HAD ACCUMULATED A FORTUNE WORTH HUNDREDS OF
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
• THE RAILROAD PIONEERED MODERN TECHNIQUES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
• BY THE 1890S, CARNEGIE DOMINATED THE STEEL INDUSTRY
•
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
• CARNEGIE'S LIFE REFLECTED HIS DESIRE TO SUCCEED AND HIS DESIRE TO GIVE BACK TO SOCIETY
• INDUSTRIAL GIANT
• BORN IN SCOTLAND AND IMMIGRATED TO US IN 1848
6. ANDREW CARNEGIE
• WHERE
•
PENNSYLVANIA
• WHAT
•
STEEL
• WHEN
•
1873-1900S
• IMPACT
•
•
CARNEGIE DOMINATED THE STEEL INDUSTRY
RAILROAD PIONEERED MODERN TECHNIQUES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
7. VERTICAL INTEGRATION
• CONTROLLED EVERY PHASE OF THE BUSINESS FROM RAW MATERIALS TO TRANSPORTATION,
MANUFACTURING, AND DISTRIBUTION
• COMPANY’S AVOIDANCE OF MIDDLEMEN BY PRODUCING ITS OWN SUPPLIES AND PROVIDING FOR
DISTRIBUTION OF ITS PRODUCT
8. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
• JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER DOMINATED THE OIL INDUSTRY
• BEGAN WITH “HORIZONTAL” EXPANSION BUYING OUR COMPETING OIL REFINERIES
• 1880S, HIS STANDARD OIL COMPANY CONTROLLED 90% OF THE NATION’S OIL INDUSTRY
• INDUSTRIAL LEADERS WERE CONSIDERED EITHER "CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY" OR "ROBBER BARONS."
• 1863: HE OPEN HIS FIRST OIL REFINERY
• ROCKEFELLER BEGAN WITH HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION-BUYING OUT COMPETING OIL REFINERIES
9. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
• WHEN
• 1800S
• WHAT
• OIL
• IMPACT
• DOMINATED THE OIL INDUSTRY
• 1863: HE OPEN HIS FIRST OIL REFINERY
• ROCKEFELLER BEGAN WITH HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION-BUYING OUT COMPETING OIL REFINERIES
10. ROBBER BARONS
• UNSCRUPULOUS FEUDAL LORDS WHO AMASSED PERSONAL FORTUNES BY USING ILLEGAL AND IMMORAL
BUSINESS PRACTICES, SUCH AS ILLEGALLY CHARGING TOLLS TO PASSING MERCHANT SHIPS
• MODERN-DAY BUSINESSPEOPLE WHO ALLEGEDLY ENGAGE IN UNETHICAL BUSINESS TACTICS AND
QUESTIONABLE STOCK MARKET TRANSACTIONS TO BUILD LARGE PERSONAL FORTUNES.
• THE 19 CENTURY TERM FOR A BUSINESSMAN OR BANKER WHO DOMINATED A RESPECTIVE INDUSTRY
AND AMASSED HUGE PERSONAL FORTUNES TYPICALLY BY ANTI-COMPETITIVE OR UNFAIR BUSINESS
PRACTICES
11. SUNSHINE AND SHADOW IN NEW YORK
• 1886: MATTHEW SMITH’S BEST-SELLER SUNSHINE AND SHADOW IN NEW YORK, WAS PUBLISHED
• IT OPENED WITH AN ENGRAVING THAT CONTRASTED DEPARTMENT STORE MEAN GATE ALEXANDER T.
STEWARTS’S TWO MILLION DOLLAR MANSION WITH HOUSING IN THE CITIES SLUMS
12. HOMESTEAD ACT
• OFFERED 160 ACRES OF LAND IN THE WEST TO ANY CITIZEN WHO WOULD SETTLE AND FARM THE LAND
FOR 5 YEARS
• 600,000 FAMILIES TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THIS GOVERNMENT OFFER
• MANY HOMESTEADERS WERE SOUTHERNERS BOTH WHITE AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN
13. NAVAJOS’ LONG WALK
• “LONG WALK” WAS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE 1864 EMIGRATION OF THE NAVAJO INDIANS AND OTHER
TRIBES TO THE BOSQUE REDONDO RESERVATION ALONG THE PECOS
• FIFTEEN HUNDRED NAVAJO ORIGINALLY SENT TO THE RESERVATION AND MORE FOLLOWED
• ALTHOUGH THE NAVAJO WERE STARVING AND EXHAUSTED, THE INDIANS WERE SENT BY THE U.S. ARMY ON A
LONG JOURNEY BY FOOT TO THE RESERVATION IN THE EAST CENTRAL PORTION OF THE TERRITORY
• MANY INDIANS DIED GOING TO THE RESERVATION AND EVEN MORE DIED AT THE RESERVATION
• THEY STAYED AT THE RESERVATION UNTIL 1864
•
WERE ALLOWED TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMELAND
• FACED WITH A SHORTAGE OF WOOD, THE NAVAJOS AT BOSQUE REDONDO BUILT HUTS OF STICKS, COWHIDES
AND OLD CANVAS
• INTENSIVE CAMPAIGN TO ROUND UP THE NAVAJOS, KIT CARSON AND THE HIS SOLDIERS SWEPT THROUGH
CANYON DE CHELLY IN THE WINTER OF 1864
14. NEZ PERCE
• NEZ PERCE RESERVATION ,FOR EXAMPLE, 172,000 ACRES WERE DIVIDED INTO FARMS FOR IDIANS, BUT
WHITE RANCHERS AND LAND SPECULATORS PURCHASED 500,00 ACRES
• NEZ PERCÉ WERE CHASED OVER 1,700 MILES BEFORE SURRENDERING IN 1877
15. CHIEF JOSEPH
• CHIEF JOSEPH SPOKE OF FREEDOM BEFORE A DISTINGUISHED AUDIENCE IN 1879
16. LITTLE BIG HORN
• MOST FAMOUS INDIAN VICTORY TOO PLACE IN JUNE 1876 AT LITTLE BIGHORN, WHEN GENERAL GEORGE A.
CUSTER AND HIS ENTIRE COMMAND OF 250 MEN PERISHED
17. DAWES ACT
• 1887
• PASSAGE OF THE DAWES ACT, NAMED FOR SENATOR HENRY L. DAWES OF MASSACHUSETTS, CHAIR OF THE
SENATE’S INDIAN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE.
• ACT BROKE UP THE LAND OF NEARLY ALL TRIBES INTO SMALL PARCELS TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO INDIAN
FAMILIES, WITH THE REMAINDER AUCTIONED OFF TO WHITE PURCHASERS
• IN THE HALF CENTURY AFTER THE PASSAGE OF THE DAWN ACT, INDIANS LOST 86 MILLION OF THE 135 MILLION
ACRES OF LAND IN THEIR POSSESSION IN 1887
• BY 1900, ROUGHLY 53,000 INDIANS HAD BECOME AMERICAN CITIZENS BY ACCEPTING LAND ALLOTMENTS
UNDER THE DAWES ACT
18. GHOST DANCE
• A RELIGIOUS REVITALIZATION CAMPAIGN REMINISCENT OF THE PAN-INDIAN MOVEMENTS LED BY EARLIER
PROPHETS LIKE NEOLIN AND TENSKWATAWA
• LEADERS FORETOLD A DAY WHEN WHITES DISAPPEAR, THE BUFFALO WOULD RETURN, AND INDIANS
COULD ONCE AGAIN PRACTICES THEIR ANCESTRAL CUSTOMS
• DECEMBER 29,1890, SOLDIERS OPENED FIRE ON GHOST DANCERS ENCAMPED NEAR WOUNDED KNEE
CREEK IN SOUTH DAKOTA, KILLING BETWEEN 150 AND 200 INDIANS, MOSTLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN
19. GHOST DANCE
•
•
•
•
WHO
•
•
TENSKWATAWA
WHEN
•
DECEMBER 29,1890
WHERE
•
SOUTH DAKOTA
WHAT
•
•
•
NEOLIN
RELIGIOUS REVITALIZATION CAMPAIGN REMINISCENT OF THE PAN-INDIAN MOVEMENTS LED BY EARLIER PROPHETS LIKE NEOLIN AND
TENSKWATAWA
LEADERS FORETOLD A DAY WHEN WHITES DISAPPEAR, THE BUFFALO WOULD RETURN, AND INDIANS COULD ONCE AGAIN PRACTICES THEIR
ANCESTRAL CUSTOMS
IMPACT
•
DECEMBER 29,1890, SOLDIERS OPENED FIRE ON GHOST DANCERS ENCAMPED NEAR WOUNDED KNEE CREEK IN SOUTH DAKOTA, KILLING
BETWEEN 150 AND 200 INDIANS, MOSTLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN
20. WOUNDED KNEE
• DECEMBER 29,1890
• WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE MARKED THE END OF FOUR CENTURIES OF ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN
CONTINENT’S NATIVE POPULATION AND EUROPEAN SETTLERS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.
• BY 1900, THE INDIAN POPULATION HAD FALLEN TO 250,000, THE LOWEST POINT IN AMERICAN HISTORY
21. WOUNDED KNEE
• WHAT
•
WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE MARKED THE END OF FOUR CENTURIES OF ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN CONTINENT’S
NATIVE POPULATION AND EUROPEAN SETTLERS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.
• WHEN
•
DECEMBER 29, 1890
• WHERE
•
SOUTH DAKOTA
• IMPACT
•
BY 1900, THE INDIAN POPULATION HAD FALLEN TO 250,000, THE LOWEST POINT IN AMERICAN HISTORY
22. GILDED AGE
• 1860-1890
• MARK TWAIN AND CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER’S 1873 NOVEL, THE TITLE OF WHICH BECAME THE POPULAR
NAME FOR THE PERIOD FROM THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR TO THE RUN OF THE CENTURY
• MEANS LAYER OF GOLD, BUT IT ALSO SUGGEST THAT THE GLITTERING SURFACE COVERS A CORE OF LITTLE
REAL VALUE
• TWAIN AND WARNER WERE REFEREEING NOT ONLY TO THE REMARKABLE EXPANSION OF THE ECONOMY IN
THIS PERIOD BUT ALSO TO THE CORRUPTION CAUSED BY CORPORATE DOMINANCE OF POLITICS AND TO
THE OPPRESSIVE TREATMENT OF THOSE LEFT BEHIND IN THE SCRAMBLE FOR WEALTH
• SLOGAN: “GET RICH, DISHONESTLY IF WE CAN, HONESTLY IF WE MUST.”
23. WILLIAM M. TWEED
• KNOWN AS BOSS TWEED
• WAS HEAD OF THE TAMMANY HALL, NEW YORK CITY’S POWERFUL DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL MACHINE
• BETWEEN 1869-1871, HE LED THE TWEED RING OF CORRUPT POLITICIANS IN DEFRAUDING THE CITY
• CONVICTED OF 120 COUNTS OF FRAUD AND EXTORTION, HE WAS SENTENCED TO 12 YEARS IN JAIL, BUT
RELEASED AFTER ONE. REARRESTED, HE ESCAPED TO SPAIN
24. WILLIAM M. TWEED
•
•
•
•
•
WHERE
•
NEW YORK
WHEN
•
1869-1871
WHO
•
•
WILLIAM M. TWEED
KNOW AS BOSS TWEED
WHAT
•
•
WAS HEAD OF THE TAMMANY HALL, NEW YORK CITY’S POWERFUL DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL MACHINE
BETWEEN 1869-1871, HE LED THE TWEED RING OF CORRUPT POLITICIANS IN DEFRAUDING THE CITY
IMPACT
•
CONVICTED OF 120 COUNTS OF FRAUD AND EXTORTION, HE WAS SENTENCED TO 12 YEARS IN JAIL, BUT RELEASED AFTER ONE. REARRESTED, HE
ESCAPED TO SPAIN
25. CREDIT MOBLIER
• 1872
• INVOLVED THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD AND THE CRÉDIT MOBILIER OF AMERICA CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY (NO RELATION TO THE FRENCH CREDIT MOBILIER) IN THE BUILDING OF THE EASTERN PORTION
OF THE FIRST TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
26. WHISKEY RING
• INVOLVED HIGH OFFICIALS OF THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION, AND BY THE NEW YORK RING, CONTROLLED
BY THE DEMOCRATS, WHOSE THEFT RAN INTO THE ENDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
• WHISKEY RING OF THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION UNITED REPUBLICAN OFFICIALS TAX COLLECTORS, AND
WHISKEY MANUFACTURERS IN A MASSIVE SCHEME THAT DEFRAUDED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
27. GOLD STANDARD
• POLICY AT VARIOUS POINTS IN AMERICAN HISTORY BY WHICH THE VALUE OF A DOLLAR IS SET AT A FIXED
PRICE IN TERMS OF GOLD (IN THE POST –WORLD WAR TWO ERA, FOR EXAMPLE 435 PER OUNCE OF GOLD)
28. CIVIL SERVICE ACT OF 1883
• THE PENDLETON CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ACT OF UNITED STATES IS A FEDERAL LAW ESTABLISHED IN 1883
THAT STIPULATED THAT GOVERNMENT JOBS SHOULD BE AWARDED ON THE BASIS OF MERIT
29. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
• REACTING TO THE U.S. SUPREME COURT’S RULING IN WABASH RAILROAD V. ILLINOIS (1886), CONGRESS
ESTABLISHED THE ICC TO CURB ABUSES IN THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY BY REGULATING RATES
30. Sherman Anti Trust Act
• 1890
• FIRST LAW TO RESTRICT MONOPOLISTIC TRUST AND BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
• EXTENDED BY THE CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT OF 1914
• PASSSED IN 1890 MADE IT ILLEGAL TO CREATE MONOPOLIES OR TRUST THAT RESTRAINED TRADE
• THE ACT DID NOT CLEARLY DEFINE A TRUST IN LEGAL TERMS, SO IT WAS HARD TO ENFORCE
• CORPORATIONS AND TRUST CONTINUED TO GROW IN SIZE AND POWER
31. GREENBACK-LABOR PARTY
• FORMED IN 1876 IN REACTION TO ECONOMIC DEPRESSION, THE PARTY FAVORED ISSUANCE OF
UNSECURED PAPER MONEY TO HELP FARMERS REPAY DEBTS; THE MOVEMENT FOR FREE COINAGE OF
SILVER TOOK THE PLACE OF THE GREENBACK MOVEMENT BY THE 1880S
32. GRANGE
• POLITICAL MOVEMENT THAT GREW OUT OF THE PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY, AN EDUCATION AND SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION FOR FARMERS FOUND IN 1867; THE GRANGE HAD ITS GREATEST SUCCESS IN THE
MIDWEST OF THE 1870S, LOBBYING FOR GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF THE RAILROAD AND GRAIN ELEVATOR
RATES AND ESTABLISHING FARMERS’ COOPERATIVES
33. SOCIAL DARWINISM
• APPLICATION OF CHARLES DARWIN’S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION TO SOCIETY; USED THE CONCEPT OF THE
“SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST” TO JUSTIFY CLASS DISTINCTION AND TO EXPLAIN POVERTY
• CHARLES DARWIN PUT FORTH THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION, WHEREBY PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES BEST
SUITED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT TOOK THE PLACE OF THOSE LESS ABLE TO ADAPT.
• SOCIAL DARWINISM ARGUED THAT EVOLUTION WAS AS NATURAL A PROCESS IN HUMAN SOCIETY AS IT WAS
IN NATURE AND THAT GOVERNMENT MUST NOT INTERFERE
• FAILURE TO ADVANCE IN SOCIETY WAS WIDELY THOUGHT TO INDICATE A LACK OF CHARACTER
• THE SOCIAL DARWINIST WILLIAM G. SUMNER BELIEVED THAT FREEDOM REQUIRED FRANK ACCEPTANCE OF
INEQUALITY
34. MUNN V. ILLNOIS
• 1877
• U.S. SUPREME COURT RULING THAT PA GRANGER LAW ALLOWING THE STATES TO REGULATE GRAIN
ELEVATORS
35. INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT
• MADE IT ILLEGAL TO COMBINE A COMPANY INTO A TRUST OR CONSPIRE TO RESTRAIN TRADE OR
COMMERCE
• THE LAW WAS INEFFECTIVE BECAUSE IT WAS VAGUE AND THE COURTS DID NOT ENFORCE IT
36. LOCHNER V. NEW YORK
• 1905
• DECISION BY SUPREME COURT OVERTURNING A NEW YORK LAW ESTABLISHING A LIMIT ON THE HOURS
PER WEEK BAKERS COULD BE COMPELLED TO WORK; “LOCHNEROSM” BECAME A WAY OF DESCRIBING
THE LIBERTY OF CONTRACT JURISPRUDENCE, WHICH OPPOSED ALL GOVERNMENTAL INTERVENTION IN
THE ECONOMY
• VOIDED A STATE LAW ESTABLISHING TEN HOURS PER DAY OR SIXTY PER WEEK AS THE MAXIMUM HOURS
OR WORK FOR BAKERS CITING THAT MORE INFRINGED ON INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM
37. THE GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE
• THE GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1877, SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS THE GREAT UPHEAVAL, BEGAN ON
JULY 14 IN MARTINSBURG, WEST VIRGINIA, UNITED STATES AND ENDED SOME 45 DAYS LATER, AFTER IT
WAS PUT DOWN BY LOCAL AND STATE MILITIAS, AND FEDERAL TROOPS
38. KNIGHTS OF LABOR
• FOUNDED IN 1869, THE FIRST NATIONAL UNION LASTED, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF TERENCE V.
POWDERLY, ONLY INTO THE 1890S: SUPPLANTED BY THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
• 1880S WITNESS A NEW WAVE OF LABOR ORGANIZING
• KNIGHTS WERE THE FIRST GROUP TO TRY TO ORGANIZE UNSKILLED WORKERS AS WELL AS SKILLED,
WOMEN ALONGSIDE MEN, AND BLACKS AS WELL AS WHITES
• GROUP REACH ITS PEAK MEMBERSHIP OF 800,000 IN 1886AND INVOLVED MILLIONS WORKERS IN
STRIKES, BOYCOTTS, POLITICAL ACTION, AND EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
• LABOR MOVEMENT LAUNCHED A SUSTAINED ASSAULT ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF FREEDOM GROUNDED
IN SOCIAL DARWINISM AND LIBERTY OF CONTRACT
• JULY 4,1886, THE FEDERATED TRADES OF THE PACIFIC COAST REWROTE THE DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
39. MIDDLE BORDER
• WHERE
• MINNESOTA, DAKOTAS, NEBRASKA, AND KANSAS.
• WHAT
• THE POPULATION ROSE FROM 300,000 TO 5 MILLION WITH MANY RACES, RELIGIONS AND OTHER VARIETIES OF
CULTURES
40. SAN FRANCISCO
• WHERE
• CALIFORNIA
• WHAT
• A MAJOR MANUFACTURING AND TRADING CENTER IN CALIFORNIA
41. US GRANT
• 1869, PRESIDENT GRANT GAVE OUT A PEACE POLICY BUT IT DID NOT SUCCEED
42. SITTING BULL
• WHO
•
SIOUX AND CHEYENNE WARRIORS
•
LED THE SIOUX AND CHEYENNE WARRIORS DURING LITTLE BIG HORN. HE ESCAPED TO CANADA WHEN THE INDIANS
VANISHED BUT RETURNED AND WAS ARRESTED IN 1881 BUT THEN RELEASED IN 1883.
• WHAT
• WHEN
•
•
1881-1883
WHERE
•
CANADA
43. CRAZY HORSE
• ALSO A LEADER OF THE SIOUX AND CHEYENNE WITH SITTING BULL.
44. LIBERAL REFORMERS
• WHEN
• 1872
•
WHAT
• SOCIAL NEEDS. 1872. THEY WANTED TO BRING A CHANGE IN NORTHERN OPINION REGARDING
RECONSTRUCTION
45. CHARLES DARWIN
• BRITISH SCIENTIST WHO WROTE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES. HE DISCOVERED THE EVOLUTION OF
PLANTS AND ANIMALS.