2. 1862 1864 1866
Homestead Act- Sand Creek Buffalo Soldiers-
Law that offered Massacre- When Nickname given
160 acres of land returning to their to African
to any citizen or reservation, the American
intended citizen. Cheyenne were soldiers by the
Around 600,000 attacked and Native Americans
took up the offer. over 150 tribes they
inhabitants were fought.
killed.
3. 1867 1868 1869
Oliver Kelley- Tammany Hall- George
Started the New York City’s Westinghouse- An
Patrons of powerful American
Husbandry, an Democratic entrepreneur and
organization for political machine, engineer who
farmers. headed by Boss invented the railway
Tweed air brake and was a
pioneer of the
electrical industry.
4. 1869 1870s 1870s
Transcontinental Wild Bill Hickok- Grange- Name
Railroad- A After serving as a given to the
network of scout and spy in the Patrons of
railroads the Civil War, he Husbandry.
became a marshal
crosses a and was in the Helped families
continental mass. acting business for a and fought the
Opened trade brief period of time. railroads, gave
across the Became a symbol rise to other
country. for the West. organizations.
5. 1870s 1870s 1871
Kickback- Illegal Fredrick Law Tweed Ring- A
payments given Olmsted- Landscape group of corrupt
to the political architect who politicians who
machines and spearheaded the defrauded New
movement for
individual planned urban York City, it was
politicians. parks. In the 1870s led by Boss
he planned the Tweed.
landscaping for D.C.
and St. Louis.
6. 1872 1873 1876
Mail-Order Patronage- The Battle of Little
Catalog- Started giving of Bighorn- (Custer’s
in 1872 by Ward government jobs Last Stand) The
and grew from a to people who Native Americans
single sheet to a had helped a outflanked and
booklet filled with candidate get crushed Custer’s
orders. elected. force, within an
hour all of the
Seventh Calvary
was killed.
7. 1876 1876 1876
George Sitting Bull- Thomas Alva
Armstrong Leader of the Edison- Become
Custer- Colonel Hunkpapa Sioux a pioneer on the
in the army who who defeated new industrial
attacked and Custer. Led his frontier when he
then was crushed people by the established the
by the Native strength of his world’s first
Americans and character and research
Little Bighorn. purpose. laboratory.
8. 1876 1876 1876
Alexander Telephone- Opened Socialism- An
Graham- Invented the way for a economic and
the telephone with worldwide political system
Thomas Watson. communication based on
network. Created new government
His invention jobs for women, control of
opened the way for increased business, business and
a worldwide and communication property and
communication speed along with the equal distribution
network. typewriter. of wealth.
9. 1877 1877 1877
Chief Joseph- Nez Perce- Vanderbilt
Leader of the Indian tribe that Family- A family
Wallowa band of
Nez Perce during
was forced off of railroad nobility
a difficult time. He their lands in who became
looked for Wallowa County, socially and
peaceful ways to Oregon. Fought economically
resist the removal back but prominent during
of his tribe, and eventually the first half of
showed admirable
leadership. surrendered. the nineteenth-
century.
10. 1879 1870s-1880s 1800s
Dumbbell Graft- The illegal Ragtime- A blend
Tenements- Law use of political of African-
that required that influence for American
every inhabitable personal gain. spiritualist and
room have a European
window opening musical forms.
to plain air, led Originated in the
sanitation saloons of the
problems. South.
11. 1880s 1880s 1880s
Monopoly- When John D. Angel Island-
a firm has Rockefeller- Place where Asian
complete control Established the immigrants arrived
over its industry’s Standard Oil at on the West
production, Company and Coast for gaining
wages, and used trusts to admission,
prices. gain total control immigrants
over the oil endured harsh
industry. questioning.
12. 1880s 1881 1882
Political Machine- Booker T. Trust- Agreements
An organized Washington- where participants
group that Prominent African turned their stock
controlled the American who over to trustees. In
activities of a believed that return, the
political party in a racism would end companies were
city. Offered once blacks entitled to
services to voters acquired useful dividends on
and business in labor skills and profits earned by
exchange for proved their trusts.
support. economic value.
13. 1883 1884 1886
Joseph Pulitzer- Mugwumps- A Samuel
A Hungarian group of Gompers- Led
immigrant who Republican the Cigar Makers’
had bought the activists who International
New York World supported Union to join with
in 1883, Democratic other craft
pioneered candidate Grover unions.
popular Cleveland in the
innovations. presidential
election.
14. 1886 1886 1887
Haymarket Affair- Collective Dawes Act- Law that
Bargaining- aimed to “Americanize”
While people the Native Americans.
were protesting Negotiation between The act broke the
against police representatives of reservation and then the
labor and government was going
brutality someone management, to to sell the lands and give
threw a bomb reach written the money they received
into the police agreements on back to the Indians.
However, this did not
line, then causing wages, hours, and happen, settler occupied
violence to erupt. working conditions. the land and the Indians
received no money.
15. 1888 1888 1889
Jacob Riis- George Eastman- Jane Adams-
Known for using Developed a One of the most
his photographic series of more influential
and journalist convenient members of the
talents to help alternatives to the Settlement house
the impervished heavy glass plates movement.
in New York City. previously used.
He introduced the
Kodak camera.
16. 1890s 1890s 1890s
Sweat Shops- Urbanization- Robber Barons-
Term for any Growth of cities Term that was
working do to typically applied
environment immigration, to businessmen
considered to be mostly in the who were viewed
unacceptably regions of the as having used
difficult or Northeast and questionable
dangerous. Midwest. practices to
amass their
wealth.
17. 1890 1890 1890
Wounded Knee- Sherman Settlement
After rounding up Antitrust Act- House-
350 Sioux the
soldiers demanded
Made it illegal to Community
that the Native form a trust that centers in slum
Americans give up interfered with neighborhoods
all of their free trade that provided
weapons. A shot between states or assistance to
was fiered then the with other people in the
soldiers opened up
with cannon fire countries. area, especially
killing around 300. immigrants.
18. 1890 1890 1892
Orville and Wilbur Jim Crow Laws- Omaha Platform-
Wright- Bicycle The party program
Laws that adopted at the
manufactures separated white convention of the
form Dayton, and black people Populist Party.
Ohio. Demanded that
Experimented in public and in reforms to lift the
with gliders and private facilities. burden of dept form
achieved Put segregation farmers and
workers and give
powered flight at into effect in the people a greater
Kitty Hawk. schools, voice in their
hospitals, etc. government.
19. 1892 1892 1892
Scab- Also Ellis Island- Place Ida B. Wells-
known as where immigrants Became an editor
of a local paper
strikebreakers, had to pass after moving to
hired workers for through Memphis. After
replacement of inspection to be March 9, 1892,
workers that are admitted into the when 3 black
striking to keep country. businessmen, her
the business friends, were
lynched she made
going. racial justice her
crusade.
20. 1894 1894 1895
Eugene V. Debs- Pullman Strike- Business W.E.B. Dubois-
Attempted to fell off making Pullman The first African
cut jobs and wages and
form a union for a increase working hours,
American to
specific industry , leading to a strike. The receive a
the American strike turned violent after doctorate, from
Railway Union. Pullman hired Harvard. Strongly
strikerbreakers. Grover disagreed with
Cleveland had to send in Washington’s
federal forces to stop the
violence. gradual approach
to racism.
21. 1895 1896 1860s-1890s
William Randolph Plessy vs. Gilded Age-
Hearst- Purchased Ferguson- The Period of history
the New York Supreme Court following the Civil
Morning Journal in ruled that the War, during
1895, and already separation of which the
owned the San races in public Progressive Era
Francisco Examiner. accommodations began. Time of
He sought to out do was legal and did economic growth,
Pulitzer who trying to not violate the
along with
surpass him, led to a Fourteenth
battle of slander and Amendement. corruption, that
fallacies. attracted millions.
