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![Wade-Davis Bill
Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance
(swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion). Senator
Required a state constitutional Congressman Benjamin convention before the election
Henry Wade W. Davis (R-OH) of state officials. (R-MD)
Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties
“Iron-Clad” Oath.
“State Suicide” Theory [MA Senator Charles Sumner]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter15-140112103035-phpapp02/85/What-is-Freedom-Reconstruction-Chapter-15-14-320.jpg)
Uploaded byHeather Powell
What is Freedom? Reconstruction Chapter 15
The document summarizes key events and terms related to the emancipation of slaves and Reconstruction in the United States after the Civil War. It discusses freed slaves relishing their newfound freedom from regulations, the strengthening of black churches and schools, the challenges faced by former slave owners, and the narrow view of black freedom held by most planters. Key terms and events summarized include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Freedmen's Bureau, Andrew Johnson, sharecropping, the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, and the Ku Klux Klan. Radical Republicans pushed for stronger federal protections of black civil rights during Reconstruction.
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What is Freedom? Reconstruction Chapter 15
- 1. Chapter 15: TheMeaning of Freedom Jsrcc HIS 121 01 PR
- 2. Blacks and themeaning of Freedom Blacks relished the opportunity to demonstrate their liberation from the regulations, significant and trivial, associated with slavery No longer required to obtain pass from their owners to travel
- 3. Families in Freedom Black churches and school, and secret slave church, were strengthened, expanded, and free from white supervision Black women devote more time to their families Men considered it a badge of honor to see their wives at home
- 4. Masters without slaves South’s defeat was complete and demoralizing Planter families face profound changes Most planters defined black freedom in the narrowest manner
- 5.
- 6. Emancipation Who Abraham Lincoln What Was an Executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln , as war measure during the the Executive Branch Of United States American Civil War, to all segments of Where Confederate States Union States When January 1863 Impact The Emancipation Proclamation Freed all slaves living in the states that had left the union As a result most former slaves worked as laborers or joined the Union Military, which eased the Union’s Shortage of soldiers
- 7. Freedmen’s Bureau Bureauwas an experiment in government social policy that seems to belong more comfortably to the New Deal of 1930s Bureau was agents were supposed to establish schools, provide aid to the poor The task of the Bureau—establishing schools, providing aid to the poor and aged, settling disputes, etc.—was daunting, especially since it had fewer than 1,000 agents. The Bureau’s achievements in some areas, notably education and health care, were striking The Bureau lasted from 1865 to 1870
- 8. Freedmen’s Bureau What Was established to help poor blacks and whites in the south Where South When !865 to 1870 Impact The Freedmen’s Bureau established schools in the south Was established to help poor blacks and whites in the south
- 9. Andrew Johnson Heidentified himself as the champion of the “honest yeomen” and a foe of large planters He believed that Africa-Americans had no role to play in reconstruction Johnson lacked Lincoln’s political skills and keen sense of public opinion.
- 10. Sharecropping Many African=Americansrented land for a share or percentage of the total crop produced Landowners divide their land and assigned each head of household a few acres, along with seed and tools
- 11. Reconstruction 1865-1877 Periodduring which the U.S. began to rebuild after the Civil War and included the process by which the federal government readmitted former Confederate states Main idea Radical republicans in Congress opposed Abraham Lincoln’s and Andrew Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction and instead implemented its own plan to rebuild the south after the civil war
- 12. Reconstruction Failure Johnson’splan for Reconstruction offered pardons to the white southern elite Johnson’s plan allowed the new state governments a free hand in managing local affairs. End of Reconstruction Reconstruction ended in 1877. It would be nearly a century before the nation again tried to bring equal rights to the descendants of slaves
- 13. Black Codes Southerngovernments began passing new laws that restricted the freedom of blacks These new laws violated free labor principles and called forth a vigorous response from the Republican North These laws granted blacks certain rights, such as legalized marriage, ownership of property and limited access to the courts Purpose: Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. Restore pre-emancipation system of race relations.
- 14. Wade-Davis Bill Required50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion). Senator Required a state constitutional Congressman Benjamin convention before the election Henry Wade W. Davis (R-OH) of state officials. (R-MD) Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties “Iron-Clad” Oath. “State Suicide” Theory [MA Senator Charles Sumner]
- 15. Wade-Davis Bill Who Congress man Henry Davis Senator Benjamin Wade What Required 50% of the number of the 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance Required a state constitutional convention before the election of state officials When 1860 Impact Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties
- 16. Thaddeus Stevens 1792-1868 Regarded the seceded states as “conquered provinces,” promoted much of the major reconstruction legislation The 14th amendment reconstruction, he said, “must revolutionize southern institutions habits, and manners… the foundation of their institutions,,, must be broken up and relaid or all our blood and treasure have been spend in vain.”
- 17. Thaddeus Stevens Who Part of a group in congress that was given the name “Radicals What Believed freedmen should be granted free land and guaranteed citizenship Wanted the south to abide by strict rules before being readmitted to the union and we called for punishment for the leaders of the confederacy
- 18. Homestead Act Offered160 acres of land in the west to any citizen who would settle and farm the land for 5 years 600,000 families took advantage of this government offer Many homesteaders were southerners both white and African-American
- 19. Homestead Act When 1862 What Authorized congress to grant 160 acres of public land to a western settler, who had to live on the land for five years to establish a title
- 20. 13th Amendment AmendmentRatified in December, 1865. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
- 21. 13th Amendment Who Congress What Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any places subject their jurisdiction When Ratified December 1865 Impact Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation This amendment abolished slavery from the United States and its territories
- 22. 14th Amendment Itplaced in the Constitution the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans It did not grant blacks the right to vote
- 23. 14th Amendment Who Congress What Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people Insure against neo-confederate political power Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the confederacy Impact Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens It placed in the Constitution the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans It did not grant blacks the right to vote Gave citizenship to former slaves and guaranteed no state could enforce a law that took away their rights as citizens When Ratified in July, 1868
- 24. 15th Amendment UlyssesS. Grant won the 1868 presidential election. The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870 It prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of race. Didn’t extend suffrage to women
- 25. Hiram Revels Bornon September 27,`827 in North Carolina Hiram was first a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1845 He was the first African American to be on the United States Senate Until the 14th amendment was made Revels couldn’t be a part of the Senate Hiram was Chaplin to black people in the army Hiram made to regiments in the army
- 26. Carpetbaggers Carpetbaggers werenorthern-born white Republicans who made their homes in the South after the war, with many holding political office. Northerners who wanted to take advantage of political opportunity and traveled South to win elections Northerner republicans who moved to the south
- 27. Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan refers to a secret society or an inner circle Ku klux klan-violent terrorist organization devoted to white supremacy Organized in 1867, in Polaski, Tennessee by Nathan Bedford Forrest. Represented the ghosts of dead Confederate soldiers Disrupted Reconstruction as much as they could. Opposed Republicans, Carpetbaggers, Scalawags and Freedmen.
- 28. KKK Who Whitesoutherners What KKK was a secret society opposed to African Americans obtaining civil rights, particularly the right to vote Violent terrorist organization devoted to white supremacy Where Polaski, Tennessee When 1867 Impact Klan Members wore white robes and hoods to hide their identities
- 29. Enforcement Act EnforcementAct of 1870 and 1871 also known as the KKK Act “The Lost Cause”
- 30. Civil Rights Actof 1875 Crime for any individual to deny full and equal use of public conveyances and public places Prohibited discrimination in jury selection Guaranteed all people equal rights in public places-l ater declared unconstitutional
- 31. Rutherford B. Hayes He was the 19th president Born on Oct. 1822 Died Jam 1893
- 32. Rutherford B. Hayes What Campaign of 1876 Republicans Nominated Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio Hayes had carried the disputed southern state and had been elected president
- 33. Radical Republicans RadicalRepublicans called for the dissolution of Johnson’s state governments, the establishment of new governments that did not have “rebels” in power, and the guarantee of the right to vote for black men The Radicals fully embraced the expanded powers of the federal government born of the Civil War Charles Summer Thaddeus Stevens
- 34. Impeachment and UlyssesS. Grant To demonstrate his dislike for the Tenure of Office Act, Johnson removed the secretary of war from office in 1868. Johnson was impeached and the Senate fell one vote short from removing him from office.
- 35. Impeachment Who PresidentJohnson What Johnson replaced generals in the field who were more sympathetic to Radical Reconstruction When February, 1868 Where Stanton Impact House impeached him on February 24 before even drawing up the charges by a vote of 126-47 Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2.3s vote)