class-11th Ch 10 training and doping in sports by bhawani pratap singh shekhawat

CBSE 11TH CLASS SESSION
2020-21
BY: BHAWANI PRATAP SINGH SHEKHAWAT
By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , // bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //

CHAPTER – 10
TRAINING AND DOPING IN SPORTS
By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , //
bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //

CONTENTS
MEANING & CONCEPT OF SPORTS TRAINING
PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TRAINING
WARMING UP & LIMBERING DOWN
SKILL, TECHNIQUE & STYLE
CONCEPT & CLASSIFICATION OF DOPING
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES & THEIR SIDE EFFECTS
DEALING WITH ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7

10.1 MEANING & CONCEPT OF
SPORTS TRAINING
❖Specialised Process Of All Round Physical
Conditioning Aimed At Preparation For
Performance In Sports
❖Includes Training, Sports Competitions,
Special Nutrition, Special Rehabilitation
Treatments, Assessment Of Performance
Capacity, Psychological Factors
❖Systematic & Regular Process Carried Over
A Longer Duration
❖Based On Scientific Facts And Successful
Practices
❖Basic Form Of Preparation Of Sportsperson

DEFINITION OF SPORTS TRAINING
❖Sports Training Is A Planned &
Controlled Process In Which,
For Achieving A Goal, Changes
In Complex Motor
Performance, Ability To Act
And Perform.
❖Sports Training Is Scientific
Knowledge And A Pedagogical
Process Of Sports Perfection
Which , Through Systematic
Effect On Psycho-physical
Performance Ability And
Readiness Aiming To Top Level

10.2
PRINCIPLES
OF
SPORTS
TRAINING
The Principle Of Continuity
The Principle Of Overload
The Principle Of Individual Differences
The Principle Of General & Specific Preparation
The Principle Of Progression
The Principle Of Specificity
The Principle Of Active Involvement
The Principle Of Variety
The Principle Of Warm Up & Cool Down
The Principle Of Rest & Recovery
The Principle Of Ensuring Results
The Principle Of Cyclicity

THE PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUITY
❖Training Should Be
A Continuous
Process
❖Discontinuity Of
Training Reduces
Physiological
Capacities

THE PRINCIPLE OF OVERLOAD
❖There Should Be Greater Than
Normal Load On The Body As
Required For Training Adaptation
❖Training Load Should Be Increased
For Improving The Performance
❖The Effectiveness Of Training
Diminishes If Training Load Is Static
❖For Continuous Improvement, The
Training Load Should Be Increased
After The Adaptation Of Previous
Training Load

THE PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
❖ Every Sportsperson Is Different Hence
Response To Exercise Or Load Varies.
❖ Training Program Should Be Modified
To Take Individual Difference Into
Following Considerations:
A) Large Muscles Heal Slower Than
Smaller Muscles
B) Fast Twitch Muscles Fibres
Recover Quicker Than Slow Twitch
Muscles Fibre
C) Women Requires More Recovery
Time
D) Fast Or Explosive Movements
Require More Recovery Time

THE PRINCIPLE OF GENERAL &
SPECIFIC PREPARATION
❖General Preparation Serves As The
Base For Specific Preparation
❖General Preparation Increases The
Functional Capacity Of All The Body
Systems And Organs
❖Specific Preparation Improves The
Systems And Organs On Which The
Performance Directly Depends
❖Speed Improved Through Running
Will Be Beneficial In Football

THE PRINCIPLE OF PROGRESSION
❖The Overload Should Not
Be Increased Too Rapidly
❖Rapid Increase In
Overload May Lead To
Injury Or Muscles Damage
❖Emphasise The Need For
Proper Rest And Recovery

THE PRINCIPLE OF SPECIFICITY
❖Exercising A Certain Part Of
The Body Primarily Develop
That Part
❖Runner Should Get Trained
By Running
❖Swimmer Should Get
Trained By Swimming
❖Cyclist Should Get Trained
By Cycling

THE PRINCIPLE OF ACTIVE
INVOLVEMENT
❖Performance Is The
Result Of
Sportsperson’s Efforts
And Coach’s Skill
❖Active Involvement Of
Coach & Sports
Person Is Necessary

THE PRINCIPLE OF
VARIETY
❖Variety In The Training
Programme Helps To Maintain
The Interest And Motivation Of
The Sportsperson
❖Changing The Nature Of
Exercise, Time Of The Day Of The
Session, Training Group & The
Environment

THE PRINCIPLE OF WARM UP AND
COOL DOWN
❖Warmup Through Low Intensity
Activity Increases Blood Flow
To The Working Muscles And
Prepare Them For High
Intensity Sports
❖Cooldown Helps In Transferring
Blood From Working Muscles
Back To Vital Organs Of The
Body
❖Cool Down Also Helps In
Removing The Waste Products
In The Body

THE PRINCIPLE OF REST & RECOVERY
❖Body Regenerates During
Rest And Becomes Better
& Strong Than Before
❖Training Programme
Should Be Planned To
Provide Proper Rest And
Interval Between Training
Activities

THE PRINCIPLE OF ENSURING RESULTS
❖Apex Aim Is To Attain
Good Results
❖Plan To Guaranteeing
Good Performance &
Maintain It For Longer
Period
❖Requires Integration
Of Other Principles
With It

THE PRINCIPLE OF CYCLICITY
❖Programmes Are
Developed Through Various
Training Cycles As Macro
Cycle, Meso Cycle And
Micro Cycle
❖Macro Cycle Is Longest
With 3 To 12 Months
Duration
❖Meso Cycle Is Of Medium
Duration Lasting 3 To 6
Weeks
❖Micro Cycle Is Of 3 To 10
Days Duration

10.3
WARMING UP
&
LIMBERING
DOWN

MEANING OF WARMING UP
❖It Is A Short Duration
Activity ,Performed Prior To
Training Session Or
Competition
❖Helps Sportsperson To
Prepare Physically,
Mentally &Physiologically
For Training Session Or
Competition
❖Muscles Become Ready To
Perform Efficiently
❖Light Running, Jogging,
Hand Exercises Etc

DEFINITION OF WARMING-UP
❖Warming-up is done to tone up the
body so as to meet the ensuing
activity
❖Consists of a series of preparatory
exercises either before a training
session or competition
❖A preliminary exercise of physical
and mental preparation for a
strenuous exertion
❖Increases temperature of blood and
muscles improve the performance
A. Passive Warming up
B. Active Warming up

TYPES OF WARMING-UP
A. Passive Warming-up
❖Aim is to increase the body
temperature without
performing any physical
activity
❖Body temperature is
increased by external means
such as by wearing warm
clothes, massage, hot water,
steam, sunlight or hot drinks
etc.
❖Mixture of active & passive
warm-up provides better
results

TYPES OF WARMING-UP
B. Active Warming-up
❖Sportsperson performs many
physical activities
❖Body temperature increases up
to required level
❖Working efficiency is increased
❖Muscles are toned up
❖Further divided into two
categories
1. General Warming up
2. Specific Warming up

ACTIVE WARMING-UP
1. General Warming-up
❖Performed In All Types Of
Activities
❖Includes Jogging, Jumping,
Stretching Etc.
❖Increases Coordination
Abilities And Flexibilities Of
Muscles And Joints
❖Improves Muscles Tone
❖Duration Depend Upon The
Nature Of Work To Be
Performed

ACTIVE WARMING-UP
2. Specific Warming-up
❖ Exercises Are Done With Implements
❖ Special Exercises Are Performed Which Have Direct
Relationship With The Activity To Be Performed
❖ Performed After General Warming-up
❖ Main Stress Is Laid Down On The Practice Of Various Skills
To Performed In The Game
❖ Badminton-forward ,Sideways & Backward Bending, Body
Twisting Exercises
❖ Basketball-dribbling, Shooting, Lay Up Shots, Shuttle Run,
Dodging , Free Throws
❖ Tennis- Wall Practice, Service, Passing Shots, Knocking
❖ Shot Put- Shifting The Shot From Left Hand To Right Hand &
Vice Versa, Standing Throws, Gliding Practice
❖ Hockey- Dribbling, Rotation Of Stick, Short Passes, Long
Passes, Scoop
❖ Cricket- Bowling, Catching, Batting, Fielding

METHODS
OF
WARMING-
UP
1. General Method
➢ Jogging
➢ Simple Exercise
➢ Stretching Exercise
➢ Wind Sprints (A Form Of Exercise Involving Moving From
A Walk Or Slow Run To A Faster Run And Repeatedly
Reversing The Process)
➢ Striding (Walk With Long Steps In A Specified Direction)
2. Warming-up With Warm Water :
➢ Warm Water Bath For Swimming, Synchronised
Swimming, Water Polo Etc.
3. Warm-up Through Massage :
➢ Used By Wrestlers
➢ Cures Minor Muscle Injuries
4. Warming-up By Drinking Hot Drinks :
➢ Hot Tea, Coffee
5. Warm-up Through Sunbathe
6. Warm-up Through Steam Bathe

IMPORTANCE OF WARMING-UP
➢ Increases The Body Temperature
➢ Decreases The Viscosity Of Muscles
➢ Increases The Speed Of Nerve
Impulses
➢ Decreases The Resistance In Muscles
Capillaries
➢ Increases The Speed Of Transfer Of
Oxygen And Fuel To Tissues
➢ Increases Metabolic Rate
➢ Reduces The Anxiety And Tension
➢ Enhances Cooling Efficiency
➢ Reduces The Blood Lactic Acid
➢ Warming-up Avoids Injury
➢ Increases The Speed Of Muscles
➢ Increases Flexibility
➢ Increases Strength
➢ Increases Endurance
➢ Increases Explosive Power
➢ Improves Specific Skills
➢ Improves Neuro-muscular Co-
ordination
➢ Improves The Level Of Performance
➢ Decreases Reaction Time
➢ Brings Second Wind More Readily

PHYSIOLOGICAL
BASIS
OF
WARMING-UP
1. Increases The Body Temperature:
➢Increases Body & Muscle Temperature
➢Research Show That Warm Up Muscles Improve
Performance
➢Speed Of Muscle Contract And Relax Is Increased
➢Force Of Contraction Is Increased
➢Reduces Risk Of Tearing Of Muscle Fibre
2. Decreases The Viscosity Of Muscles :
➢When An Inactive Muscle Is Stimulated Repeatedly,
First Few Contractions Are Small & Irregular And
Relaxation Is Incomplete.
➢Later, Contractions Are Regular And Relaxation Is
Complete
➢Rate Of Muscular Contraction & Relaxation Becomes
Faster & Efficient
➢Risk Of Wear & Tear Of Muscle And Ligament Is
Reduced

PHYSIOLOGICAL
BASIS
OF
WARMING-
UP(CONT.)
3. Increases The Speed Of Nerve Impulses :
➢Increases The Speed Of Nerve Impulses Which Improves And
Sharpens The Reaction Time Of Sportsperson
4. Decreases The Resistance In Muscles Capillaries :
➢Research Studies Have Revealed That Warming- Up Decreases
The Resistance In Muscles Capillaries
5. Increases The Speed Of Transfer Of Oxygen And Fuel To Tissues :
➢It Occurs Due To Enhancement Of Blood Flow Through The
Muscles By Dilating The Small Blood Vessels
6. Increases Metabolic Rate :
➢Increased Metabolic Rate Enhances Energy Level
➢If Body Temperature Increases By 0.5 C, Metabolic Rate Increases
By 7%
7. Reduces The Blood Lactic Acid :
➢Heart Rate & Consumption Of Oxygen Is Directly Related To
Muscle Temperature
➢At Higher Temperature Lactic Acid Is Reduced
8. Increase In Working Capacity :
➢Due To Physiological Adaptation, Capacity To Do Physical Is
Increased
➢All Systems Of Body Become Efficient To Do Their Related Work

GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
OF
WARMING-
UP
Simple To Complex
Exercise For All The Parts Of Body
Stretching And Loosening Exercise Should Be Included
Intensive Enough To Increase Body Temperature
Warming-up Should Be According To Age And Sex
Warming-up Should Be According To The Activity Or Sport
Concerned Movement Of The Game Should Be Included
Warming Up Should Be Done At Exact Time

MEANING OF LIMBERING DOWN
❖Cooling Down Or Warming
Down After A Competition
❖Allows The Body To Transit
Gradually From An Exertional
State To A Resting State
❖Necessary Activity After
Training
❖Involves A Specific Procedure
To Bring The Body To Normal
State
❖Walking Or Jogging For 5-10
Min
❖Static Exercise 5-10 Min

STATIC STRETCHING EXERCISE FOR
LIMBERING DOWN
Hamstrings
Chest
Glutes
Quadriceps
Triceps/ Shoulders

IMPORTANCE
OF
LIMBERING
DOWN
Body Temperature Becomes Normal
Proper Removal Of Waste Products
Decrease In Tension
Reduces The Chances Of Dizziness Or Fainting
Supply Of Oxygen
Decrease In The Level Of Adrenaline In The
Blood
Muscles Do Not Remain Stiff
Heart Rate Returns To Initial Stage

10.4 SKILL, TECHNIQUE & STYLE
SKILL
❖Ability To Perform A Whole
Movement
❖Automatization Of Motor Action
❖Level Of Effectiveness With
Which A Movement Or A Motor
Action Can Be Performed
❖Any Action Learnt For A Purpose
And Is Needed To Take Part In
Activities
❖Shooting In Basketball, Service
In Tennis, Overhead Kick In
Football

CLASSIFICATION OF SKILLS
Open Skills
Closed
Skills
Simple
Skills
Complex
Skills
Gross
Skills
Fine Skills
Discrete
Skills
Serial Skills
Continuous
Skills
Individual
Skills
Coactive
Skills
Interactive
Skills

MEANING OF TECHNIQUE
❖Basic Movements Of Any Sport Or
Event
❖The Way Of Performing A Skill
❖A Skill Can Be Performed By Using
More Than One Technique
❖A Technique Involves Scientific And
Economical Methods Adopted To
Achieve Top Performance
❖Selection Of Technique By A
Sportsperson:
➢ Suits The Level Of The Player
➢ Enhances Players Performance
➢ Best At The Given Time & Within
The Rules

MEANING OF STYLE
❖An Individual’s Expression Of
Technique In Motor Action
❖Sportsperson Due To Specific
Psychic, Physical And Biological
Capacities Realizes The
Technique In A Unique Personal
Way.

10.5 CONCEPT & CLASSIFICATION
OF DOPING

HISTORY OF DOPING
❖ During The Olympic Games In 3rd
Century B.C. The Athletes Were Trying To
Increase Their Sports Performance By
Taking Mushrooms And Opium.
❖ In 1st Century Ad , The Greek Runners
Used To Drink A Herbal Beverage To
Increase Their Strength And Be Capable
To Run Long Distance Races.
❖ In Modern Era, The Use Of Performance
Enhancing Substances And Techniques
By The Top Sports Person Of The World
Has Been A Persistent Issue In The
World Of Sports.

CONCEPT OF DOPING
❖Use Of Prohibited Substances Or
Methods To Unfairly Improve Their
Sporting Performances And To Gain An
Advantage Over Their Competitors.
❖According To IOC ,“ Doping Is The Use
Of Any Method Or Substance That Might
Harm The Athlete, In A Quest To Gain An
Unfair Advantage Over His/her Fellow
Competitors.”
❖According To Wada ,“Doping Is Defined
As The Occurrence Of One Or More Of
The Anti-doping Rule Violations Set
Forth In Article 2.1 Through Article 2.8 Of
The Code.”

ANTI-DOPING RULES
1. Presence Of Prohibited Substance Or
Methods
2. Use Or Attempt To Use A Prohibited
Substance Or Method
3. Refusing To Submit A Sample
Collection After Being Notified
4. Failure To File Athletes Whereabouts
After Being Notified
5. Tampering With Any Part Of The
Doping Control Process
6. Possession Of A Prohibited Substance
Or Method
7. Trafficking A Prohibited Substance Or
Method

CLASSIFICATION OF DOPING
Performance Enhancing
Substances
Physical Methods

PERFORMANCE
ENHANCING
SUBSTANCES
Stimulants
Anabolic Steroids
Peptide Hormone
Beta-2-agonists
Narcotics
Diuretics
Glucocorticosteroids

1.STIMULANTS
❖Stimulants Are Drugs That
Enhances Alertness And
Physical Activity By Increasing
Heart Rate And Breathing Rate
And The Functions Of Brain .
They Stimulates The Body
Physically And Mentally .
EFFECTS USAGE EXAMPLES
Mind Is More Alert By Injection Cocaine
Reduces Feeling Of Fatigue By Nasal Spray Ephedrine
More Aggressive Orally Adrafinil Amphetamines

2. ANABOLIC STEROIDS
❖They Stimulates The Growth
Of Muscles And Help Athlete To
Train Harder And Recover
Rapidly. By Boosting The
Muscle Power And Strength ,
They Enhance The
Performance .
Muscle Power Growth By Intramuscular Injection Drostanolone
Muscle Size Growth Orally Metenolone
Rapid Recovery Oxandrolone

3. PEPTIDE HORMONE
❖These Are The Substances
Produced By Glands In The Body.
They Carry The Oxygen And
Circulate In The Blood . They
Increase The Production Of RBC
And Hence Improves The Growth
Of Muscles . Additional Intake Of
These Hormones Can Enhance The
Performance Hence Prohibited In
And Out Of Competitions.
Increase In RBC By Injection Erothropoietin (EPO)
Muscles Growth Orally Insulin
Hormonal Imbalance Human Growth Hormones

4. BETA-2-AGONISTS
❖These Drugs Are Generally Used
To Treat Asthma And It Relax The
Muscles That Surround The Air
Way And Opening Of The Air
Passage .It Allows More Oxygen
To Reach The Blood .It Enhances
The Respiratory Function ,
Increase Their Capacity For
Strenuous Effort And Shorten
Recovery Time.
Increases Oxygen In Blood Inhalers Acebutolol
Opens Air Passage Orally Betaxolol
Rapid Recovery Carteolol

5. NARCOTICS
❖It Reduces Or Eliminate Pain
From Injuries , Allow Athletes To
Do Persistent Efforts For A
Longer Time . By Using
Narcotics To Ignore The Injury ,
Athletes Increase Further Risk
To Damage Their Body . It Also
Reduces Anxiety , Which
Enhances The Performance.
Reduces Pain By Injection Morphine
Improves Stamina Orally Heroine
.Reduces Anxiety Inhaling Pethidine

6. DIURETICS
❖These Are Non-performance Enhancing
Drugs But Are Used In Sports To
Remove Fluids( Water In Particular)
From The Body, These Are Used To
Reduce The Body Weight Rapidly As In
Weightlifting, Boxing And Wrestling Etc.
These Drugs Are Also Used To Evade
Anti-doping Test. These Drugs Are Used
By Athletes In And Out Of Competitions.
Rapid Weight Loss Orally Dexatran
Remove Fluid From The Body By Injection Amiloride
Evade Anti-doping Test Canreone

7. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS
❖These Drugs
Relieve Fatigue And
Pain, Giving More
Tolerance For Pain
And Prepare The
Athletes To
Continue The
Efforts.

8. CANNABINOIDS
❖These Are Psycho
Active Chemicals
That Cause A Feeling
Of Relaxation.
❖Hashish And
Marijuana Are
Examples And Their
Use Is Prohibited In
Competitions

PHYSICAL METHODS
BLOOD DOPING GENE DOPING

1. BLOOD DOPING
❖ According To WADA ,The Misuse Of Techniques Or
Substances To Increase One’s RBC Count Is Blood
Doping .
❖Athletes Blood Is Taken A Few Weeks Prior To
Competition And Is Frozen Until One Or Two Days
Before The Competition When It Is Injected Into The
Athlete. This Procedure Is Known As Autologous Blood
Doping.
❖When The Fresh Blood Of Another Person Is Taken
And Injected Straight Into The Body Of Athlete, The
Procedure Is Known As Homologous Blood Doping .
❖Another Procedure Of Blood Doping Involves The
Injection Of “Artificial Oxygen Carriers” .
❖Haemoglobin Oxygen Carriers Are Chemicals Or
Purified Proteins Which Have The Ability To Carry
Oxygen . It Enhances Aerobic Capacity .
❖Blood Doping Increases The Number Of RBC , Hence
The Oxygen Carrying Capacity To The Muscles Is
Increased . Thereby Enhancing The Athlete’s
Performance .

2. GENE DOPING
❖It Is The Manipulation Of Cells Or Genes
To Enhance The Body’s Sports
Performance .
❖Modifying Genes Enable Faster Reaction
And Increase Physical Strength .
❖ It Is Based On The Principles Of Gene
Therapy .
❖Gene Therapy May Play A Vital Role In
The Growth And Development Of Musculo-
skeletal Structures .
❖ It Will Speed Up The Repair Of The
Injuries Of Muscles , Tendons And
Ligaments Etc.

10.6 PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES & THEIR
SIDE EFFECTS
❖The Substances And Methods Which
Are Banned Or Prohibited From Use In
Sports .
❖WADA Is Responsible For Maintaining
And Updating These Substances And
Methods Annually .
❖If The Substance Or Method Is Being
Used By The Athlete For Therapeutic
Use , He Will Take The Permission From
Concerned Authority .
✓In This Case The Physician Has To
Verify That, Athlete Would Face Vital
Health Problem Without Drugs

SUBSTANCE PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES OR
IN AND OUT OF COMPETITION
S.NO NAME REASON EXAMPLE
1. Anabolic Steroids Enhance The Performance Serious
Side-effects
Drostanolone
Metenolone
2. Peptide Hormones Increase Muscle Growth & Strength
Increase RBC Count
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Human Growth Hormone (HGH )
3. Beta-2-agonists Enhances Respiratory Efficiency Acebutolol
Betaxolol
4. Diuretics Evades Anti Doping Test Unfairly
Manages Body Weight
Dextran
Probencid
5. Hormones &
Metabolic Modulators
Interfere With Function Of Estrogen Tamoxifen
Clomipherne

METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES OR IN
AND OUT OF COMPETITION
S.NO. NAME REASON EXAMPLE
1 . Blood Doping It Increases The RBC Counts
Enhancing The Oxygen Carrying
Capacity
Autologous
Homologous
Artificial Oxygen Carriers
2. Gene Doping Very Significant In Growth &
Development Of Musclo-skeletal
Structure
Gene Doping
3. Chemical And Physical
Manipulation
An Attempt To Tamper The Validity
Of Collected Sample
Manipulation

SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
(BANNED ONLY IN-COMPETITION)
S.NO NAME REASON EXAMPLE
1. Stimulants Improves The Performance By
Stimulating Mind & Body Artificially
Amphetamines Ephedra (Caffeine
Is Non- Prohibited But Monitored)
2. Narcotics Reduces Pain & Allow Athlete For
Persistent Effort
Fentanyl
Morphine
Oxydcodone
3. Cannabinoids Gives Feeling Of Relaxation Hashish
Marijuana
4. Glucocortico - Steroids Gives Relief From Pain And Fatigue
Increases Tolerance

SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN
PARTICULAR SPORTS
❖These Substances Keep Heart Rate Low & Reduces Tremble In
Hand .
S.NO. PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES SPORTS
1. Alcohol (Ethanol Archery
Karate
2. Beta – Blockers Archery
Shooting Golf

SIDE EFFECT OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
Anabolic Steroids
Cardiovascular Effects
A) Elevates The Blood Pressure & Decrease High Density Lipoprotein (HDL).
B) Increase The Risk Of Atherosclerosis .
C) May Lead To Sudden Cardiac Death.
Endocrinal Effects
A) Increases Aggressiveness Which May Lead To Criminal Behaviour.
B) Males Become Impotent, Physical Appearance Changes , Becomes Bald.
C) Females Become Muscular, Excessive Hair Growth, Deepening Of Voice, Imbalance Of
Female Hormones .
D) Causes Liver Tumour, Cancer And Jaundice.
Psychological Effects
A) Mood Swings, Aggression, Depression, Withdrawal From The Problem And
Dependence On Other Persons.
B) May Cause Disturbances In Personality Traits

(CONT.)
Stimulants
➢ Increase Heart Rate & Palpitation
➢ Causes Insomnia, Anxiety, Aggressiveness, Dehydration & Heart Failure.
➢ Loss Of Judgement Power (Indecisiveness).
Narcotics
➢ Causes Loss Of Balance & Co-ordination, Loss Of Concentration.
➢ False Sense Of Security & Power. Causes Nausea, Drowsiness, Vomiting,
Constipation, Fainting, Coma Etc..
➢ Highly Addictive & Causes Withdrawal Symptoms When Stopped.

(CONT.)
Peptide Hormones
a) Erythropoietin (EPO)
➢ Causes Thickening Of The Blood.
➢ Increases Risk Of Heart Attack & Pulmonary Embolism.
b) Human Growth Hormones (Hgh)
➢ Causes Overgrowth Of Limbs & Face.
➢ With The Age Muscles Become Weak.
➢ Increase Sweating .
➢ Causes Musculo - Skeletal Changes (Enlargement Of Heart, Headache, Joint Pain Etc.).
c) Insulin
➢ Causes Low Blood Sugar, Weakness, Shortness Of Breath, Brain Damage, Death.
Beta -2- Agonists
➢Prolonged Use Causes Trembling, Headache & Risk Of Cardiac Arrest.

(CONT.)
Diuretics
➢ Causes Dehydration Which Can Seriously Affect The Health.
➢ Lead To Mineral Imbalances, Muscle Weakness, Irregular Heart Beat & Low Blood Pressure.
➢ Sodium & Potassium Are Decreased In Body.
➢ Causes Damage To Kidney.
Glucocorticoids
➢ Prolonged Use Causes :
➢ Weak Tendons,
➢ Torn Muscle,
➢ High Blood Sugar,
➢ Slower Healing Of Wounds,
➢ Sodium & Water Retention Leading To Weight Gain & Edema.
➢ Physical Dependence & Chronic Fatigue.
Cannabinoids
➢ Reduce Concentration & Co-ordination.
➢ Reduce Lung Capacity Leading To Poor Endurance.
➢ Cause Heart Disease & Lung Cancer.

SIDE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PROHIBITED
SUBSTANCE
NAME OF
DRUGS
ANABOLIC
STEROIDS
CORTICO
-STEROIDS
DIURETICS STIMULANTS NARCOTIC
ANALGESICS
BETA-
BLOCKERS
Effects Increase S
Muscles
Mass &
Strength
Increases
Aggressive-
ness, Reduces
Fatigue & Pain
Reduces Wt.
Quickly &
Mask Other
Drugs
Increases
Alertness &
Delay Fatigue
Kill Pain &
Induce Feeling
Of Calm
Slow Heart Beat &
Study Body
Movement
Minor
Complications
Male ,
Female
Hormone Ls
Imbalance
Retard Healing
Or Foster
Infections
Dehydration,
Cramps, Loss
Of Sodium &
Potassium
Restless,
Anxiety,
Palpitation ,
Irregular
Breathing
Aggravation Of
Injuries, Coma
Causes Asthma ,
Decrease Mental
Alertness
More Severe
Complications
Heart &
Liver
Diseases
Damages
Kidney,
Pituitary Gland
&
Palpitation,
Heart Attack,
Kidney
Erratic Heart
Beats & Severe
Slow Breathing
& Dangerous
Heart Rate Is
Severely Slowed

10.7 DEALING WITH ALCOHOL AND
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
1. Seek Help
2. Detoxification
3. Behavioural Therapy
4. Motivational Enhancement Therapy
5. Medication
6. Inform To Your Friends About Your Decision To
Stop Using Drugs Or Alcohol
7. Lean On Close Friends And Family
8. Build A Sober Social Network
9. Remain Away From Your Friends Who Still
Indulge In Substance Abuse
10. Involve Yourself In A Distracting Activity
11. Talk To Your Friends Or Family Member When
Craving Occurs
By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , // bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , // bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //

For Any
QUERY feel Free to
contact me!!!
For Any
QUERY feel Free to
contact me!!!

class-11th Ch 10 training and doping in sports by bhawani pratap singh shekhawat

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