The document discusses various topics related to sports psychology including personality, motivation, exercise adherence, and aggression. It provides definitions and classifications of personality according to theorists like Sheldon and Jung. It describes the big five theory of personality and traits like openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. It also discusses motivation and the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The document outlines reasons for exercise, benefits of exercise, and strategies to enhance exercise adherence. Finally, it defines aggression in sports and describes different types of aggression.

1. PHYSICAL EDUCATION
CLASS – 12
MAHENDRA RAJAK
(TGT P&HE)
KV MAHABUBNAGAR
Psychology
and
Sports
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2. Key Points :
 Personality; its definition and type-trait and type (Sheldon and Jung classification) and
big five theory.
 Motivation, its type and techniques
 Exercise Adherence; Reasons to Exercise, Benefits of Exercise.
 Strategies for Enhancing Adherence to Exercise.
 Meaning, concept and types of Aggressions in sprots
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3. Sports Psychology
The word psychology refers to the study of human behaviour and sports
psychology denotes a sub-category of psychology that deals with the
behavior of athletes and teams engaged in competitive sports.
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4. Important of Sports psychology
analyses the behavior of sportsmen
identifies talent for specific sports
creates a better learning situation
stabilizes the performance of athletes for a longer period
encourages players to make a comeback in professional sports
is important from the research point of view
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5. Personality
The word personality is derived from Latin word persona meaning the mask. In ancient Greece, the actors
used to wear masks to hide their identities while portraying their roles in a theatrical play. To an ordinary
person, the word personality conveys the meaning of one’s physical appearance, his habits, his ways of
dressing, his reputation, his manners and other similar characteristics.
Definitions of Personality
According to Macionis, “It is the constant pattern of thinking, feeling and actions.”
According to Ogburn and Minkoff, “The totality of sentiments, attitudes, ideas, habits, skills and behaviors of
an individual is personality.”
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6. Traits of Big-5 Theory of personality
Openness Traits: The assessment of openness traits shows that how the person is
 Imaginative
 Insightful
 having variety of interest
 with degree of intellectual curiosity
 creative
 able to enjoy the new experiences
 able to learn new changes & concept
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7. Traits of Big-5 Theory of personality
Conscientiousness: The assessment of this trait shows that how the person
is able to
 Compete with life challenges
 control self-discipline
 To act dutifully
 To plan & to organize
 Work independently
 To do hard work
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8. Traits of Big-5 Theory of personality
Extraversion: The assessment of this trait shows that how the person.
 is energetic
 has positive emotions
 has Assertiveness
 is sociable
 is talkative
 is fun loving
 has friendly nature or has tendency to make new friends
 able to get affection from other
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9. Traits of Big-5 Theory of personality
Agreeableness: The assessment of this trait shows that how the person.
 has sense of cooperation
 is systematic
 is kind
 is friendly
 is gentle
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10. Traits of Big-5 Theory of personality
Neuroticism: The assessment of this trait shows. How the person.
 has emotional stability
 is able to control anger
 is able to control the level of anxiety
 is able to protect himself from depression
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11. Role of Sports in Personality Development
Team spirit
Leadership skill
Fair play
Never give up
Great leveler
Focus
Process and result
Planning
Earnestness and sincerity
Observation and analysis
Positive attitude
Strength and abilities
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12. Types of Personality
The concept of personality and its types have been formulated by many psychologists. The
personality type on the basis of physical attributes is given by William Herbert Sheldon.
It is as follows
classification of personality given by Herbert Sheldon
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13. Endomorphy
PHYSICALLY
 ROUND
 WIDE HIPS
 NARROW SHOLDER
 EXTRA FAT
 BELL SHAPED
PSYCHOLOGICALLY
 FUN LOVING
 LOVE OF FOOD
 TOERANT (सहनशील)
 EVENTEMPERED (समममजाज शाांत)
 SOCIABLE
 GOOD HUMORED
 RELAXED
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14. Ectomorphy
PHYSICALLY
 NARROW SHOULDER
 A NARROW FACE
 NARROW CHEST
 LEGS AND ARMS
 LITTLE FAT
 SKINNY
PSYCHOLOGICALLY
 SELF – CONSCIOUS (सांकोची)
 PRIVATE
 INTROVERTED (अांतममुखी)
 INHIBITED (हहचकते)
 ARTISTIC (कलात्मक)
 THOUGHTFUL
 SOCIALLY ANXIOUS (असाधारण)
 EMOTIONALLY RESTRAINRDD
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15. Mesomorphy
PHYSICALLY
 BROAD SHOULDERS
 NARROW WAIST
 LARGE HEAD
 LITTLE FAT
 STRONG ARMS AND LEGS
 STRONG MUSCULAR BODY
PSYCHOLOGICALLY
 COMPETITIVE
 COURAGEOUS (साहमसक)
 INDIFFERENT
 ASSERTIVE (ममखर)
 DESIRE FOR POWER
 ZEST FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 ADVENTUROUS
 LOVE OF RISK
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16. Jung’s classification of human personality
According to carl a. Jung’s human personality can be classified into three categories.
 Introvert: If an individual is motivated or energized by the internal world of thoughts, feelings and
reflections is known as Introvert. They are having poor self-confidence, moody, unsocial, quiet and
pessimist.
 Extrovert: This kind of individual associated with external world of object and other people. They
believe in action, social settings, interacting. They are friendly, confident responsive and lively leader.
 Ambivert: This kind of people have the mix trait of Introvert and Extrovert: They are having few
friends.
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17. Motivation
Motivation is a process through which an individual is inspired m
stimulated to act in a particular fashion or manner towards a
particular direction.
Motivation is of two types
 Internal Motivation or Intrinsic Motivation
 External Motivation or Extrinsic Motivation
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18. Internal Motivation or Intrinsic Motivation
 This motivation is within an individual and guides one to perform better to satisfy one’s own
personal feelings.
 Internal motivation depends upon basic needs like biological needs (thirst, hunger), social needs
(family, friends etc.),
 Psychological needs (interest, attitude, love, self-esteem)
 Personal needs (safety, personality, economical etc).
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19. External Motivation or Extrinsic Motivation
This motivation depends upon environmental factors. External motivation has great
impact on an individual’s performance.
It is of various types like
 Rewards
 Punishment
 Active participation
 Equipment and surroundings
 Teaching methods
 Audio-Visual aids
 Test-evaluations and competitions
 Teacher-pupil relationship
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20. Techniques of Motivation
Various techniques of motivation are applied on sportspersons which can enable them to achieve the
top positions in the field of sports and games.
These techniques of motivation are
 Evaluation :- Evaluation make and aware the sportsmen from his abilities and motivate him/her
for higher position.
 Variety :- Variety in the training programmed make the practice more interesting and always to
motivate the sportsman to perform better to best.
 Role of Spectators :- The presence of audience / spectators helps to sportsman to perform in
dynamic form too.
 Criticism :- Criticism for the poor performance of an athlete motivate to perform better.
 Cash Prizes, Scholarship etc. :- Good incentive to the sports persons always motivate and strives
hard to achieve better in the competitions.
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21. Techniques of Motivation
 Latest Equipment’s :- Use of latest equipment’s in training make the training more
interesting and motivated the athlete to achieve the goal.
 Practice Session :- By reducing the length of practice an athlete is motivated to be
continue in their training and to achieve the goals.
 Resetting of Goal : - Resetting of goal from easy to complex motivate the athlete to
continue in training to achieve the goals.
 Awards :- Awards for good performance of athlete motivate him to do better.
 Praise :- Praise given by the society for the performance of athlete always motivate
athlete to do better.
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22. Exercise Adherence
 Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health
and wellness.
 Exercise adherence refers to maintaining an exercise regimen for a prolonged period of
time following the initial adoption phase.
 Exercise adherence is voluntary, self-regulated and largely a psychological issue.
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23. Reasons to Exercise
 Psychological Reason Superiority, frustration
 Biological and physiological Reason -struggle for survival
 Social Reason - Cooperation, compete
 Economical Reason - earn to live
 To perform daily task efficiently.
 To prevent from discase and disorder.
 To improve working efficiency of all organs.
 To adjust with working place or society.
 To slowing down aging process
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24. Benefits of Exercise
Physiological Benefits :- Improve the working of various system such as
Cardiovascular system
 Cardiac output and stroke volume increased
 Elasticity of blood arteries increased
 Normal blood pressure
 Heart rate per minute decreased
Respiratory system
 Min. volume and Tidal volume increased
 Respiratory rate per min decreased
 Vital capacity and total lung capacity increased
Muscular system
 Size of the muscles increased
 Storage capacity of muscle increase
 Maintained muscle tone
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25. Psychological Benefits
 Stress and anxiety level: Participation in exercise release good hormone in our body which helps
to reduce the stress and anxiety level.
 Personality: Participation in exercise promote all the dimension of personality such as physical,
mental, social and emotional
 Intelligence and memory: Participating in exercise has good effect on the working on nervous
system which help to increase the level of intelligence and memory.
 Recreation: Participation in exercise is one of good source of recreation so helpful to recover from
mental fatigue.
 Group behavior: Participation in exercise is helpful to improve group behaviours as at the time of
exercise person has to do exercise with his/her group member which is helpful in improving group
behavior.
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26. Health & fitness related benefits
 Helpful to prevent from diseases like cancer, coronary heart diseases, diabetes etc.
 Helpful to improve the components of physical fitness such as strength, speed, flexibility,
endurance etc.
 Helpful to improve the components of health-related fitness such as muscular strength, cardio
vascular endurance, body composition etc.
 Helpful to maintain healthy weight.
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27. strategies which are used to enhance
adherence to exercise
Discussion : With the discussion on the benefits of exercise, adherence to exercise can be improved.
External motivation : With the help of the positive reinforcement as praise, prize, records the such to
exercise can be improved.
Suitable environment : At the time of exercise training programme suitable environment should be
provided. If environment is with latest facilities, it will to improve adherence to exercise.
Realistic plan : Planning & Goal setting should be realistic Goal setting should be according to the capability
of the athlete such type of planning and goal setting improve the adherence to exercise.
Social support : From family, school and society is helpful to enhance adherence to exercise.
Exercise with other : Company of exercise partner improve the adherence to exercise.
Make exercise interesting, challengeable and enjoyable : Exercise plan should be interesting it should
not be repeated daily. It should be challengeable and enjoyable.
Intrinsic motivation : Intrinsic motivation for good health and good fitness is helpful to promote exercise
adherence.
Time and money : Sufficient availability of money and availability of time helpful to promote exercise
adherence
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28. Aggression in sports
Any physical or verbal behaviour that is intended to harm another either physically or
psychologically intentionally or unemotionally.
Concept— Different phycologists have given different meaning to the term
aggression. As per instinct theory, aggression is an inbuilt emotion in human being, as
per social learning theory, it is acquired. Frustration theory point out that frustration is
the cause of aggression.
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29. Types of Aggression
(a) Hostile Aggression: Any physical behavior which is aimed to physically injured the living being
intentionally is known a Hostile Aggression.
(b) Instrumental Aggression: Any physical behavior which is aimed to achieve high performance
but unintentionally physically harm to the living being is known as instrumental Aggression.
(c) Assertive Aggression: Any verbal behavior under the Rules & Regulation of the sport which is
used to harm psychological to living being. In these only legitimate forces are used.
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30. Ways of Controlling Aggression 30

31. Thanku
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