Introduction to Basic Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyChittaranjan Das
Contains basic of pharmaceutical microbiology and major microflora in the cleanroom. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Common microorganisms in the cleanroom and diseases they produce. Biofilm in the pharmaceutical cleanroom.
Chain of infection is a process in which a favorable condition is required for micro-organism to spread or transfer from reservoir to a susceptible host.
introduction to Microbiology and its various applications.pdfaazaidane
Microbiology studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
It encompasses their structure, function, growth, interaction with the environment and
other organisms, and their role in medicine, biotechnology, and food production.
Microbiologists use various techniques and tools to study microorganisms, including
microscopy, culture methods, genetic approaches, and biochemical assays. In addition,
the field plays a vital role in understanding diseases, food safety, bioremediation, and
developing new medicines and bioproducts.
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fitBiomed Fit
Microorganism is the general term for all tiny microorganisms that are invisible or invisible to the naked eye. The structure is relatively simple, the individual is small (generally <0.1mm), and can be divided into prokaryotes, eukaryotes and non-cells according to their evolution level and traits
The process of human understanding of microorganisms
The hard-to-understand microbial world
Introduction to Basic Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyChittaranjan Das
Contains basic of pharmaceutical microbiology and major microflora in the cleanroom. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Common microorganisms in the cleanroom and diseases they produce. Biofilm in the pharmaceutical cleanroom.
Chain of infection is a process in which a favorable condition is required for micro-organism to spread or transfer from reservoir to a susceptible host.
introduction to Microbiology and its various applications.pdfaazaidane
Microbiology studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
It encompasses their structure, function, growth, interaction with the environment and
other organisms, and their role in medicine, biotechnology, and food production.
Microbiologists use various techniques and tools to study microorganisms, including
microscopy, culture methods, genetic approaches, and biochemical assays. In addition,
the field plays a vital role in understanding diseases, food safety, bioremediation, and
developing new medicines and bioproducts.
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fitBiomed Fit
Microorganism is the general term for all tiny microorganisms that are invisible or invisible to the naked eye. The structure is relatively simple, the individual is small (generally <0.1mm), and can be divided into prokaryotes, eukaryotes and non-cells according to their evolution level and traits
The process of human understanding of microorganisms
The hard-to-understand microbial world
Microbiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye. This includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa and algae, collectively known as 'microbes'.
This presentation talks about one of the most important technique in biology which is microscopy. The inclusions are the history of microscope, different types/kinds/classifications of microscope nowadays and the parts of a simple compound microscope
The presentation discusses all about microbial growth, it explains various nutritional and physical requirements of bacteria for growth, it is also illustrated here the standard bacterial growth curve
This presentation discusses the variety of bacteria based on their shapes, envelope structure, projecting structures and cytoplasmic membrane with corresponding representatives
You will learn in this presentation the variety of stains of microorganisms that you can find in the different parts of the human body, including their abundance and implications.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
2. Derived from the Greek words “micros”
meaning small, “bios” meaning life and
“logia” meaning study of
The study of organisms that are so small—
”microorganisms” or “microbes”
Categorized into two: (1)Cellular-prokaryotes
and eukaryotes (2) Acellular-viruses
4. 1. Microbiology has an impact in the daily lives
of humans
2. Some microorganisms are essential in
biotechnology and a wide range of industries
3. Some microorganisms, especially bacteria
and fungi, are important sources of
antimicrobial agents
5. 1. Some microorganisms act as saprophytes or
decomposers of waste products and dead
organisms
2. The study of microorganism has led to a better
understanding of how microorganisms produce
disease, paving the way to better disease
management and control
3. Certain diseases which were thought to have
been eradicated are now re-emerging
7. Archaeologists and evolutionists have uncovered evidence demonstrating the
existence of primitive microorganisms
https://veja.abril.com.br/ciencia/cientistas-reivindicam-
descoberta-de-fosseis-mais-antigos-da-terra/
https://www.inverse.com/article/39564-
oldest-fossils-earth
8. Infectious diseases have existed for thousands of years
https://time.com/5561441/passover-10-
plagues-real-history/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox
9. Mid-1600s-Robert Hooke=Cell Theory
1670s-Anton von Leeuwenhoek=Animalcules
Middle and late 1800s-Louis Pasteur=Germ
Theory of Disease
Robert Koch=Koch’s Postulates
Late 1800s and first decade of 1900s=Golden
Age of Microbiology
10.
11. 1. The microorganism or other pathogen must
be present in all cases of the disease
2. The pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host
and grown in pure culture
3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the
disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible
laboratory animal
4. The pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host
and shown to be the same as the originally inoculated
pathogen
12. Edward Jenner=Vaccine for smallpox
Joseph Lister=Aseptic Surgery
After WWII=antibiotics
Paul Ehrlich=Salvarsan
Alexander Fleming=Penicillin
13. F. A., Bartolome, E. P., Quiles (2020) Microbiology and Parasitology: A textbook and
Laboratory Manual for Health Sciences. 2nd Edition. p.51-58.