This document provides biographical information about Martha Rogers, Margaret Newman, and Rosemarie Parse, three nurses who developed grand nursing theories. It describes Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings theory which views humans and the environment as open, energy fields that interact continuously. It outlines Newman's Health as Expanding Consciousness theory which defines health as the expansion of consciousness. And it provides brief details about Parse's Human Becoming theory.
This document provides an overview of Myra Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing and Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. It describes the origins and key concepts of each model. Levine developed the Conservation Model in the 1960s based on Nightingale's environment-based approach. It focuses on holism, adaptation, and conservation. Roy developed the Adaptation Model in the 1960s and 1970s based on her interest in how people adapt to changes, especially children. It views the person as an open system that adapts through four modes.
Martha Rogers was a pioneering nursing theorist who developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. Some key concepts of her theory include: viewing humans as irreducible energy fields in constant interaction with the environmental field; health as a unitary human manifestation that cannot be measured physically; and nursing as the study of these unitary human and environmental fields. Rogers proposed principles of homeodynamics to describe the dynamic relationship between humans and their environment. While complex and abstract, Rogers' theory provided a framework for understanding humans as open systems and has influenced nursing practice, education, and research.
This document provides information on several grand nursing theorists: Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Dorothea Orem. It describes their backgrounds, major works and contributions to nursing. Nightingale established the first nursing school and advocated for sanitary hospital conditions. Henderson defined 14 basic human needs and viewed nursing as assisting patients. Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
The document discusses two adaptation theories: Roy's Adaptation Model and Levine's Conservation Model. Roy's model views a person as constantly interacting with the environment through four adaptive modes. Levine's model focuses on a person maintaining wholeness through the processes of adaptation and conservation of energy, structure, personal integrity, and social integrity. Both theories see health as the goal of successful adaptation to environmental changes. Nursing aims to help those unable to adapt or conserve on their own.
This document outlines a presentation on Roy's Adaptation Model of nursing. It begins with ground rules for the presentation and objectives. It then provides an introduction to the model and biographical information about creator Callista Roy. The core components of the model are defined, including its metaparadigm concepts, types of stimuli, coping mechanisms, adaptive modes, and assumptions. Applications of the model in various areas like education, administration, and practice are described. Strengths and weaknesses are identified. The document concludes with an example of implementing the model for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
Sister Callista Roy began developing her adaptation model for nursing in 1964 after being challenged by her professor to create a conceptual model. She published the first version of her model in 1976 focusing on how individuals adapt to changes in their environment. Roy's adaptation model views people as adaptive systems that interact with the environment. It describes four adaptive modes - physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The nursing process in Roy's model involves assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and evaluation to promote the person's adaptation.
The Roy Adaptation Model was developed by Sister Callista Roy. It views humans as holistic adaptive systems that are constantly interacting with their internal and external environments. The person's major task is to maintain integrity in the face of environmental stimuli. Nursing aims to promote successful adaptation. The model describes four modes of adaptation - physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. It provides a framework to assess how a person copes with environmental changes.
Case Study For Philo Theo using the theory of roy model adaptationJack Frost
Roy's model classifies stressors that may affect adaptation and concentrates on adaptive behaviors and processes of adapting to environmental stressors. It is composed of philosophical assumptions, classes of stimuli, and coping mechanisms. The model includes four adaptive modes of behavior, classes of stimuli, and two subsystems. Nursing can help people adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and relationships through manipulating stimuli.
This document provides an overview of Myra Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing and Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. It describes the origins and key concepts of each model. Levine developed the Conservation Model in the 1960s based on Nightingale's environment-based approach. It focuses on holism, adaptation, and conservation. Roy developed the Adaptation Model in the 1960s and 1970s based on her interest in how people adapt to changes, especially children. It views the person as an open system that adapts through four modes.
Martha Rogers was a pioneering nursing theorist who developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. Some key concepts of her theory include: viewing humans as irreducible energy fields in constant interaction with the environmental field; health as a unitary human manifestation that cannot be measured physically; and nursing as the study of these unitary human and environmental fields. Rogers proposed principles of homeodynamics to describe the dynamic relationship between humans and their environment. While complex and abstract, Rogers' theory provided a framework for understanding humans as open systems and has influenced nursing practice, education, and research.
This document provides information on several grand nursing theorists: Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Dorothea Orem. It describes their backgrounds, major works and contributions to nursing. Nightingale established the first nursing school and advocated for sanitary hospital conditions. Henderson defined 14 basic human needs and viewed nursing as assisting patients. Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
The document discusses two adaptation theories: Roy's Adaptation Model and Levine's Conservation Model. Roy's model views a person as constantly interacting with the environment through four adaptive modes. Levine's model focuses on a person maintaining wholeness through the processes of adaptation and conservation of energy, structure, personal integrity, and social integrity. Both theories see health as the goal of successful adaptation to environmental changes. Nursing aims to help those unable to adapt or conserve on their own.
This document outlines a presentation on Roy's Adaptation Model of nursing. It begins with ground rules for the presentation and objectives. It then provides an introduction to the model and biographical information about creator Callista Roy. The core components of the model are defined, including its metaparadigm concepts, types of stimuli, coping mechanisms, adaptive modes, and assumptions. Applications of the model in various areas like education, administration, and practice are described. Strengths and weaknesses are identified. The document concludes with an example of implementing the model for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
Sister Callista Roy began developing her adaptation model for nursing in 1964 after being challenged by her professor to create a conceptual model. She published the first version of her model in 1976 focusing on how individuals adapt to changes in their environment. Roy's adaptation model views people as adaptive systems that interact with the environment. It describes four adaptive modes - physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The nursing process in Roy's model involves assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and evaluation to promote the person's adaptation.
The Roy Adaptation Model was developed by Sister Callista Roy. It views humans as holistic adaptive systems that are constantly interacting with their internal and external environments. The person's major task is to maintain integrity in the face of environmental stimuli. Nursing aims to promote successful adaptation. The model describes four modes of adaptation - physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. It provides a framework to assess how a person copes with environmental changes.
Case Study For Philo Theo using the theory of roy model adaptationJack Frost
Roy's model classifies stressors that may affect adaptation and concentrates on adaptive behaviors and processes of adapting to environmental stressors. It is composed of philosophical assumptions, classes of stimuli, and coping mechanisms. The model includes four adaptive modes of behavior, classes of stimuli, and two subsystems. Nursing can help people adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and relationships through manipulating stimuli.
Levine's Theory- Theory of four conservation principles by Ms. Ritika soniShimla
Myra Estrin Levine developed the Conservation Model of nursing, which focuses on maintaining wholeness and integrity through the conservation of four principles: energy, structure, personal integrity, and social integrity. The goal of nursing according to Levine is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness using these conservation principles. The model views humans as holistic beings striving for balance within their internal and external environments. Nursing interventions are aimed at supporting the individual's adaptive processes and natural healing abilities.
The document provides an overview of the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) developed by Sister Callista Roy. It outlines Roy's background and credentials, the theoretical sources and concepts of RAM, including stimuli, coping mechanisms, adaptation levels, and response. RAM views the person as an adaptive system interacting with the environment. Nursing aims to promote positive adaptation. The model can guide nursing practice, education, and research by assessing and promoting a person's adaptation. Some critiques of RAM include its complexity and theoretical jargon.
A Critical Evaluation of Dynamic and Situationist Approaches to PersonalityLauren Gui
This document provides a critical evaluation of Skinner's situationist and Bandura's dynamic approaches to personality. It discusses their differing views on determinism and the role of cognition/agency. While Skinner saw behavior as determined by environmental factors, Bandura emphasized reciprocal determinism between personal/cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. The document also evaluates their theories in terms of parsimony, empirical validity, comprehensiveness, precision, and applied value, finding that while both made important contributions, Bandura's social cognitive theory provides a more comprehensive view of personality.
Callista Roy's Adaptation Model proposes that people are adaptive systems who strive to maintain adaptation in four modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The model describes how people use control processes and effectors to respond to stimuli from the internal and external environment. Nursing aims to promote adaptive responses by manipulating stimuli and expanding a person's adaptation level. The theory has been applied in various clinical settings and populations.
This document provides an overview of Imogene King's conceptual framework for nursing. It includes basic assumptions about human beings as open systems interacting with their environment. The framework consists of three interacting systems - personal, interpersonal, and social. For each system, several relevant concepts are defined. The framework informs King's theory of goal attainment and the nursing process, which involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Limitations of the theory are that it lacks clarity on some concepts like environment and does not fully connect to nursing care beyond the individual level.
Sister Callista Roy is a prominent nurse theorist born in 1939. She developed the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) in the 1960s-1970s and published it in 1976. The RAM views people as adaptive systems who use coping mechanisms to respond to stimuli. It focuses on four modes of adaptation: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Roy spent her career developing and refining the RAM and advocating for its use in nursing education and research. She has influenced over 100,000 nursing students.
Pender's Health Promotion Model- Critique of Theory Using Fawcett's Criteriawoikekc
The document provides a critique of the Health Promotion Model using Fawcett's criteria. It examines the model's significance, metaparadigm concepts, philosophical views, conceptual model/parent theories, internal consistency, testability, empirical adequacy, and pragmatic adequacy. The model addresses health promotion through increasing self-efficacy and goal setting based on expectancy value and social cognitive theories. Studies show the model can be applied to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in women through tailored interventions.
Margaret Newman developed the Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness. She was influenced by Martha Rogers' theory of unitary human beings. The theory asserts that health is an expansion of consciousness through connecting with oneself, finding meaning, and connecting with others. Nursing helps people understand their patterns to develop higher levels of consciousness and realize their health potential.
Betty Newman's System Model provides a holistic and flexible framework for nursing. It focuses on a client system's response to stressors in the environment. The model views clients as unique composites of variables and uses primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to support optimal wellness.
Betty Neumann developed the model in the 1970s based on general system theory. She viewed clients as open systems composed of physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, developmental, and spiritual variables that interact with internal and external environments. Health is defined as harmony among all client variables. Nursing aims to reduce stressors and support reconstitution through primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions.
Betty Neuman developed the Neuman Systems Model in the 1970s. The model views individuals as open systems influenced by internal and external environmental stressors. It aims to promote wellness through a holistic approach that considers physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual factors. The model depicts the client as having concentric circles of defense against stressors, with the goal of nursing being to strengthen these lines of defense so the client can maintain system stability.
This document summarizes research on job stress experienced by university librarians in Northern Cyprus. It begins with an abstract of the research paper and introduction providing background on definitions of stress and theories of stress such as systemic stress theories proposed by Selye and psychological stress theories proposed by Lazarus. It then discusses specific stressors librarians may face such as changing information environments and technologies. The document reviews theories of coping and the origins of stress research, tracing concepts back to scientists like Cannon and the influential work of Hans Selye.
1. The document outlines Nurse Ramprasad's theory of nursing which views individuals as complex adaptive systems.
2. The theory proposes that individuals have core structures (physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, spiritual, developmental) that are protected by flexible and normal lines of defense against stressors.
3. When stressors penetrate the lines of defense, the individual experiences a reaction. Nursing interventions like primary, secondary and tertiary prevention can strengthen lines of resistance and maintain system stability.
The document discusses several theories from biomedical sciences that have significantly impacted nursing practice and research. It covers theories of disease causation like germ theory and the web of causation. Germ theory proposed that microorganisms cause disease and was important for modern medical care. The web of causation explains that chronic diseases have multiple contributing factors. The natural history of disease model outlines periods in a disease's progression and levels of prevention. Recent advances in genetics including the Human Genome Project have expanded understanding of genes and their role in traits and disease. Biomedical theories are integral to nursing education, practice, and research.
This document provides an introduction and overview of nursing theory. It defines nursing theory as a framework used to organize nursing knowledge and explain phenomena. Nursing theory consists of concepts, definitions, relationships and assumptions derived from nursing models or other disciplines. The document discusses several theorists' definitions of theory and lists the key metaparadigms in nursing: person, environment, health, and nursing. It outlines the importance of nursing theory for guiding practice, research, and the profession. The characteristics and basic processes involved in developing nursing theories are also summarized.
This document discusses role transition and reality shock experienced by new nurses. It defines key terms like role, transition, and reality shock. It describes Afaf Meleis' transitions theory and Kramer's model of reality shock. Kramer's model outlines the phases of reality shock - honeymoon, shock, recovery, and resolution. The document also discusses challenges faced during the transition from student nurse to professional nurse and provides strategies to prevent reality shock such as developing relationships, finding a mentor, and using self-awareness.
The Pender's Health Promotion Model specifies that health behaviors are influenced by personal factors and the surrounding environment. The model aims to identify, assess, and modify these influencing factors to encourage health-promoting behaviors. It provides a framework for understanding how individuals can improve their health and well-being. Key concepts include the interaction between the person, environment, health behaviors, and nursing. Research shows the model can be used effectively in clinical settings to develop health-promoting behaviors.
Hunting directly influences wildlife populations and environments. While it can control animal numbers and protect habitats, it also disrupts ecosystems through infrastructure development and habitat alterations. There are ethical implications to consider regarding human manipulation of wildlife. Different ethical frameworks view the ethics of hunting differently, with utilitarianism potentially supporting it if benefits outweigh costs, while biocentrism and care ethics generally oppose hunting. Future generations theory's view depends on sustainability and species protection.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
1) The document introduces nursing by discussing nursing's key concepts including person, environment, health, and nursing. It describes how these concepts are interrelated.
2) It discusses the domains of nursing including the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person. It emphasizes viewing the person holistically and that a person's basic needs include safety, oxygen, nutrition, and sexuality.
3) Developmental theories by Erikson, Piaget, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs are introduced to explain how a person develops throughout their life.
This document discusses the importance of clinical judgment in evidence-based nursing practice. It states that research evidence must be considered alongside patient concerns and preferences. Good clinical judgment requires carefully examining the validity of evidence and how it is applied to specific patients. The fit between evidence and each patient's unique situation is rarely perfect. Nurses must understand patients narratively and use judgment over time to determine the most appropriate care based on evidence and the patient's needs. Experiential learning and developing expertise in caring for particular patient populations enhances a nurse's clinical grasp and judgment.
This document discusses qualitative research and its application to clinical decision making. It describes how qualitative evidence can inform understanding of patient experiences and perspectives, which are important components of evidence-based practice. The document outlines different qualitative research traditions like ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology. It also discusses techniques for appraising qualitative studies based on their credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The key point is that qualitative evidence provides insights into human experiences, values, and meanings that can help inform clinical decisions.
This document discusses the relationship between nursing theory and practice. It states that theory and practice are inseparable and theory provides the basis for understanding nursing. The document also describes how theory influences nursing practice by organizing care, setting standards, and identifying recipients of care. It discusses theory-based practice and evidence-based practice, noting that EBP builds on research but is not synonymous with research. The document emphasizes that theory and practice must work together to continually improve nursing.
Levine's Theory- Theory of four conservation principles by Ms. Ritika soniShimla
Myra Estrin Levine developed the Conservation Model of nursing, which focuses on maintaining wholeness and integrity through the conservation of four principles: energy, structure, personal integrity, and social integrity. The goal of nursing according to Levine is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness using these conservation principles. The model views humans as holistic beings striving for balance within their internal and external environments. Nursing interventions are aimed at supporting the individual's adaptive processes and natural healing abilities.
The document provides an overview of the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) developed by Sister Callista Roy. It outlines Roy's background and credentials, the theoretical sources and concepts of RAM, including stimuli, coping mechanisms, adaptation levels, and response. RAM views the person as an adaptive system interacting with the environment. Nursing aims to promote positive adaptation. The model can guide nursing practice, education, and research by assessing and promoting a person's adaptation. Some critiques of RAM include its complexity and theoretical jargon.
A Critical Evaluation of Dynamic and Situationist Approaches to PersonalityLauren Gui
This document provides a critical evaluation of Skinner's situationist and Bandura's dynamic approaches to personality. It discusses their differing views on determinism and the role of cognition/agency. While Skinner saw behavior as determined by environmental factors, Bandura emphasized reciprocal determinism between personal/cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. The document also evaluates their theories in terms of parsimony, empirical validity, comprehensiveness, precision, and applied value, finding that while both made important contributions, Bandura's social cognitive theory provides a more comprehensive view of personality.
Callista Roy's Adaptation Model proposes that people are adaptive systems who strive to maintain adaptation in four modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The model describes how people use control processes and effectors to respond to stimuli from the internal and external environment. Nursing aims to promote adaptive responses by manipulating stimuli and expanding a person's adaptation level. The theory has been applied in various clinical settings and populations.
This document provides an overview of Imogene King's conceptual framework for nursing. It includes basic assumptions about human beings as open systems interacting with their environment. The framework consists of three interacting systems - personal, interpersonal, and social. For each system, several relevant concepts are defined. The framework informs King's theory of goal attainment and the nursing process, which involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Limitations of the theory are that it lacks clarity on some concepts like environment and does not fully connect to nursing care beyond the individual level.
Sister Callista Roy is a prominent nurse theorist born in 1939. She developed the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) in the 1960s-1970s and published it in 1976. The RAM views people as adaptive systems who use coping mechanisms to respond to stimuli. It focuses on four modes of adaptation: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Roy spent her career developing and refining the RAM and advocating for its use in nursing education and research. She has influenced over 100,000 nursing students.
Pender's Health Promotion Model- Critique of Theory Using Fawcett's Criteriawoikekc
The document provides a critique of the Health Promotion Model using Fawcett's criteria. It examines the model's significance, metaparadigm concepts, philosophical views, conceptual model/parent theories, internal consistency, testability, empirical adequacy, and pragmatic adequacy. The model addresses health promotion through increasing self-efficacy and goal setting based on expectancy value and social cognitive theories. Studies show the model can be applied to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in women through tailored interventions.
Margaret Newman developed the Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness. She was influenced by Martha Rogers' theory of unitary human beings. The theory asserts that health is an expansion of consciousness through connecting with oneself, finding meaning, and connecting with others. Nursing helps people understand their patterns to develop higher levels of consciousness and realize their health potential.
Betty Newman's System Model provides a holistic and flexible framework for nursing. It focuses on a client system's response to stressors in the environment. The model views clients as unique composites of variables and uses primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to support optimal wellness.
Betty Neumann developed the model in the 1970s based on general system theory. She viewed clients as open systems composed of physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, developmental, and spiritual variables that interact with internal and external environments. Health is defined as harmony among all client variables. Nursing aims to reduce stressors and support reconstitution through primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions.
Betty Neuman developed the Neuman Systems Model in the 1970s. The model views individuals as open systems influenced by internal and external environmental stressors. It aims to promote wellness through a holistic approach that considers physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual factors. The model depicts the client as having concentric circles of defense against stressors, with the goal of nursing being to strengthen these lines of defense so the client can maintain system stability.
This document summarizes research on job stress experienced by university librarians in Northern Cyprus. It begins with an abstract of the research paper and introduction providing background on definitions of stress and theories of stress such as systemic stress theories proposed by Selye and psychological stress theories proposed by Lazarus. It then discusses specific stressors librarians may face such as changing information environments and technologies. The document reviews theories of coping and the origins of stress research, tracing concepts back to scientists like Cannon and the influential work of Hans Selye.
1. The document outlines Nurse Ramprasad's theory of nursing which views individuals as complex adaptive systems.
2. The theory proposes that individuals have core structures (physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, spiritual, developmental) that are protected by flexible and normal lines of defense against stressors.
3. When stressors penetrate the lines of defense, the individual experiences a reaction. Nursing interventions like primary, secondary and tertiary prevention can strengthen lines of resistance and maintain system stability.
The document discusses several theories from biomedical sciences that have significantly impacted nursing practice and research. It covers theories of disease causation like germ theory and the web of causation. Germ theory proposed that microorganisms cause disease and was important for modern medical care. The web of causation explains that chronic diseases have multiple contributing factors. The natural history of disease model outlines periods in a disease's progression and levels of prevention. Recent advances in genetics including the Human Genome Project have expanded understanding of genes and their role in traits and disease. Biomedical theories are integral to nursing education, practice, and research.
This document provides an introduction and overview of nursing theory. It defines nursing theory as a framework used to organize nursing knowledge and explain phenomena. Nursing theory consists of concepts, definitions, relationships and assumptions derived from nursing models or other disciplines. The document discusses several theorists' definitions of theory and lists the key metaparadigms in nursing: person, environment, health, and nursing. It outlines the importance of nursing theory for guiding practice, research, and the profession. The characteristics and basic processes involved in developing nursing theories are also summarized.
This document discusses role transition and reality shock experienced by new nurses. It defines key terms like role, transition, and reality shock. It describes Afaf Meleis' transitions theory and Kramer's model of reality shock. Kramer's model outlines the phases of reality shock - honeymoon, shock, recovery, and resolution. The document also discusses challenges faced during the transition from student nurse to professional nurse and provides strategies to prevent reality shock such as developing relationships, finding a mentor, and using self-awareness.
The Pender's Health Promotion Model specifies that health behaviors are influenced by personal factors and the surrounding environment. The model aims to identify, assess, and modify these influencing factors to encourage health-promoting behaviors. It provides a framework for understanding how individuals can improve their health and well-being. Key concepts include the interaction between the person, environment, health behaviors, and nursing. Research shows the model can be used effectively in clinical settings to develop health-promoting behaviors.
Hunting directly influences wildlife populations and environments. While it can control animal numbers and protect habitats, it also disrupts ecosystems through infrastructure development and habitat alterations. There are ethical implications to consider regarding human manipulation of wildlife. Different ethical frameworks view the ethics of hunting differently, with utilitarianism potentially supporting it if benefits outweigh costs, while biocentrism and care ethics generally oppose hunting. Future generations theory's view depends on sustainability and species protection.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
1) The document introduces nursing by discussing nursing's key concepts including person, environment, health, and nursing. It describes how these concepts are interrelated.
2) It discusses the domains of nursing including the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person. It emphasizes viewing the person holistically and that a person's basic needs include safety, oxygen, nutrition, and sexuality.
3) Developmental theories by Erikson, Piaget, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs are introduced to explain how a person develops throughout their life.
This document discusses the importance of clinical judgment in evidence-based nursing practice. It states that research evidence must be considered alongside patient concerns and preferences. Good clinical judgment requires carefully examining the validity of evidence and how it is applied to specific patients. The fit between evidence and each patient's unique situation is rarely perfect. Nurses must understand patients narratively and use judgment over time to determine the most appropriate care based on evidence and the patient's needs. Experiential learning and developing expertise in caring for particular patient populations enhances a nurse's clinical grasp and judgment.
This document discusses qualitative research and its application to clinical decision making. It describes how qualitative evidence can inform understanding of patient experiences and perspectives, which are important components of evidence-based practice. The document outlines different qualitative research traditions like ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology. It also discusses techniques for appraising qualitative studies based on their credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The key point is that qualitative evidence provides insights into human experiences, values, and meanings that can help inform clinical decisions.
This document discusses the relationship between nursing theory and practice. It states that theory and practice are inseparable and theory provides the basis for understanding nursing. The document also describes how theory influences nursing practice by organizing care, setting standards, and identifying recipients of care. It discusses theory-based practice and evidence-based practice, noting that EBP builds on research but is not synonymous with research. The document emphasizes that theory and practice must work together to continually improve nursing.
This document provides information on several grand nursing theorists and their theories, including Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Dorothea Orem. It describes key details about their lives, work, and the major concepts of their nursing theories. Nightingale developed her theory based on providing an optimal healing environment. Henderson identified 14 basic human needs and believed nursing aims to assist patients until they can care for themselves. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory has three nested theories and focuses on patients' ability to perform self-care.
This document discusses critically appraising knowledge for clinical decision making. It explains that practice should be based on unbiased, reliable evidence rather than tradition. The three main sources of knowledge for evidence-based practice are valid research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient choices. Clinical practice guidelines are the primary source to guide decisions as they synthesize research evidence. Internal evidence from quality improvement projects applies specifically to the setting where it was collected, unlike external evidence which is more generalizable. Both internal and external evidence should be combined using the PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle for continuous improvement.
The Roy Adaptation Model is a nursing theory that views individuals as biopsychosocial beings constantly interacting with their environment. It focuses on the promotion of adaptation through four adaptive modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. A nurse uses the nursing process to assess behaviors and stimuli in each of the adaptive modes to determine an individual's adaptation level and promote adaptive responses.
This document discusses how to critically appraise quantitative studies for clinical decision making. It covers evaluating the validity, reliability, and applicability of studies. Key points include assessing for bias, determining if results are statistically and clinically significant, and considering how well study findings can be applied to patients. Study designs like randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and cohort studies are examined. The importance of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in evidence-based practice is also covered.
This document discusses implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical settings. It emphasizes that engaging all stakeholders, including clinical staff, administrators, and other disciplines, is key. It also stresses that assessing and addressing barriers like knowledge, attitudes, and resources is important. Finally, it highlights that evaluating outcomes through quantifiable measures can help determine the impact of EBP changes on patient care.
The document discusses grand nursing theories, which attempt to broadly explain areas within the nursing discipline. It describes three main categories of grand nursing theories: human needs theories, which view humans as reducible parts and focus on meeting needs; interactive theories, which see humans holistically interacting with their environment using systems theory; and unitary process theories, which view humans as unitary energy systems constantly interacting with their environment in unpredictable ways. Examples of theorists within each category are provided.
This document discusses several prominent middle range nursing theories, including Pender's Health Promotion Model, Leininger's Culture Care Theory, Transitions Theory, and the Synergy Model. It provides an overview of the development and key concepts of each theory, such as Pender focusing on factors that motivate health behaviors, Leininger emphasizing culturally congruent care, Transitions Theory addressing life changes, and the Synergy Model matching patient and nurse characteristics. The document also notes how the theories are frequently used in both nursing research and practice.
This document discusses several theories from behavioral sciences that are relevant to nursing, including psychodynamic theories, cognitive-behavioral theories, humanistic theories, and stress theories. It provides details on Erikson's developmental theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the health belief model, and the theory of planned behavior. It also summarizes Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, focusing on the three stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in response to stress. Overall, the document outlines several important psychological and behavioral theories and their applications to nursing practice and research.
This document discusses several theories from the behavioral sciences that are relevant to nursing, including psychodynamic theories, cognitive-behavioral theories, humanistic theories, and stress theories. It provides details on Erikson's developmental theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the health belief model, and the theory of planned behavior. It also summarizes Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, focusing on the three stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in response to stress. Overall, the document outlines several important psychological and behavioral theories and their applications to nursing practice and research.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
Theory is defined as “a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action”. Nursing theory is “an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing”
This document discusses the overview of theory in nursing. It defines theory and discusses its importance in distinguishing nursing from other disciplines. Theories provide structure for nursing knowledge and clarify assumptions and values. The document outlines the stages of theory development in nursing from the silent knowledge stage to the current integrated knowledge stage. It also discusses the scope of nursing theory from metatheory to grand theory to middle range theory to practice theory.
This document outlines chapter objectives and content for a textbook on human form and function. It introduces key concepts such as the difference between anatomy and physiology, the levels of organization in the human body from cells to organisms, and characteristics of living things. It also discusses the importance of gradients and homeostasis in maintaining the internal environment, and how the external environment provides necessary features for life like oxygen, nutrients, heat and pressure.
This document outlines the chapter objectives for a textbook on human anatomy and physiology. It covers topics such as the difference between anatomy and physiology, the building blocks of life from cells to atoms, environmental factors necessary for life, gradients in the body, homeostasis, and anatomical terminology. The objectives are to explain key concepts in each area, provide examples, and be able to use anatomical language to describe body positions and structures. Maintaining homeostasis through feedback loops and the contributions of body systems are also objectives.
1) Nursing is defined as the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness, with the goal of putting patients in the best condition for nature to act upon them.
2) Health is defined by the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. It is viewed as a continuum.
3) The U.S. health care system is increasingly emphasizing health promotion, wellness and self-care over being just disease-oriented.
This document discusses the relationship between nursing, science, philosophy and different ways of knowing. It states that nursing is both a profession and an academic discipline, and draws upon natural, social and applied sciences. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are valuable for developing nursing knowledge. Knowledge in nursing comes from empirical, esthetic, personal and ethical ways of knowing. There is no single valid approach but rather multiple perspectives are needed.
Dorothea Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, known as the Orem Model of Nursing. She proposed that nursing is needed when an individual's self-care abilities are insufficient to meet their needs. Her theory consists of three related concepts: self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. When a self-care deficit exists, nursing is required to help the individual meet their self-care needs through compensatory or supportive/educative systems. Orem's theory focuses on assisting patients in performing self-care to help them recover faster and maintain their health.
This document discusses epidemiology and its role in disease prevention. It defines epidemiology as the study of health and disease in populations. Key figures in the development of epidemiology mentioned include John Graunt, William Farr, and John Snow. The document also discusses epidemiologic models like the triad and wheel of causation. It explains how epidemiologic principles are applied in practice, including for community health assessments, disease prevention and control, and evaluating health services.
Martha Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings theory, which views humans and the environment as energy fields that interact continuously. The theory comprises five assumptions about human beings, four major concepts including energy field and pattern, and three principles of homeodynamics. Rogers defined nursing as assisting in the process of change by repatterning human-environment energy fields. Her influential theory rejected separating humans from their environment when addressing health.
1. Myra Estrin Levine was an influential nursing theorist born in 1920 in Chicago. She had a varied nursing career and helped establish nursing as an applied science.
2. Levine developed the Conservation Model of Nursing, which focuses on maintaining wholeness and integrity through the conservation of energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity.
3. The goal of nursing according to Levine is to promote adaptation through the conservation principles in order to achieve and maintain the patient's wholeness. Nursing interventions are aimed at testing hypotheses based on the conservation principles.
The document discusses various learning theories that are relevant for nursing education and practice. It covers behavioral, cognitive, and adult learning theories. The key theories discussed include operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive development theories from Piaget and Gagne, and Knowles' adult learning theory of andragogy. The theories explore how learning occurs through the interaction of person, behavior, and environment. The document emphasizes that understanding learning theories can help nurses effectively develop teaching strategies.
This document discusses various learning theories relevant to nursing education. It describes behavioral learning theories which focus on observable behaviors and stimuli-response models. Cognitive learning theories consider thoughts and mental processes. Adult learning theory proposes adults are self-directed learners who need to understand why they are learning something. Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes modeling behaviors and developing self-efficacy. The document also covers Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Gagne's categories of learning outcomes.
The document discusses various learning theories that are relevant for nursing education and practice. It covers behavioral, cognitive, and adult learning theories. The key theories discussed include operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive development theories from Piaget and Gagne, and Knowles' adult learning theory of andragogy. The theories explore how learning occurs through the interaction of person, behavior, and environment. The document emphasizes that understanding learning theories can help nurses effectively develop teaching strategies.
The document discusses various microbiology techniques for culturing microbes including inoculation, isolation, incubation, inspection, and identification. It describes how to produce pure cultures through methods like streak plating and describes different types of culture media including solid, liquid, enriched, selective, and differential media. The goals are to transfer microbes to produce isolated colonies, grow them under proper conditions, observe characteristics, and identify organisms through comparing data.
The document provides instructions for creating a research poster, including reviewing sample posters and an article on best practices. It discusses font size, logo placement, poster size, image and graphic quality, and elements that make a poster engaging. A sample student research poster is also included, with sections on the problem, methodology, results, conclusions, and references. The poster summarizes a study on the occupations of school-aged children who have siblings with cognitive or behavioral disabilities.
The document provides instructions for creating an effective research poster. It discusses reviewing sample posters to understand best practices like font size, logo placement, size of the poster, and quality of images. It also recommends considering what makes sample posters visually engaging and how one's own poster could be improved.
Position Your Body for Learning implements evidence-based measurements to assess optimal positioning for learning. The document describes three simple assessments - "roll", "rattle", and "rumble" - to determine if desk height matches elbow rest height and chair height matches popliteal height. It explains that proper ergonomic positioning through adjustments can improve students' attention, fine motor skills, and performance on standardized tests. The document provides a form called "Measuring for Optimal Positioning" to document student measurements and identify furniture adjustments needed.
The agenda outlines a thesis dissemination meeting that will include welcome and introductions, a syllabus review, project summaries from students, breaks, a presentation on APA style and thesis document preparation from the writing center, library resources overview, and discussion of thesis resources and dismissal. The document also lists various thesis course, poster, article, and conference resources that will be made available to students.
This document discusses program evaluation, outlining key concepts and approaches. It describes the purposes of program evaluation as determining if objectives are met and improving decision making. Formative and summative evaluations are explained, with formative used for ongoing improvement and summative to determine effects. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are appropriate, including experimental, quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs. Stakeholder involvement, utilization of results, and addressing ethical considerations are important aspects of program evaluation.
The document outlines topics from Chapter 6 of a course, including similarities and differences between intervention planning for individuals and community programs, best practices for developing mission statements and effective teams, and issues related to program sustainability. It also provides examples and activities for developing SMART goals, vision and mission statements, and sustainability plans for a fall prevention program. Resources and considerations are presented for each step of the program development process.
Compliance, motivation, and health behaviors stanbridge
This document provides information about compliance, motivation, and health behaviors as they relate to learners. It introduces several occupational therapy students and their backgrounds. The objectives cover defining key terms and discussing theories of compliance, motivation concepts, and strategies to facilitate motivation. The document then matches vocabulary terms to their definitions and discusses several theories of behavior change, including the health belief model, self-efficacy theory, protection motivation theory, stages of change model, and theory of reasoned action. Motivational strategies and the educator's role in health promotion are also outlined.
Ch 5 developmental stages of the learnerstanbridge
This document provides an overview of developmental stages of the learner from infancy through older adulthood. It begins with introductions of the presenters and learning objectives. Key terms are defined. Development is discussed in terms of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial characteristics at each stage: infancy/toddlerhood, early childhood, middle/late childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle-aged adulthood, and older adulthood. Teaching strategies are outlined for each developmental stage. The role of family in patient education is also addressed.
This document summarizes the content covered in Week 2 of a course on community-based occupational therapy practice. Chapter 3 discusses using theories from related disciplines in community practice and identifying strategies for organizing communities to meet health needs. Chapter 4 covers understanding relevant federal legislation, including laws supporting reimbursement and those focused on education, medical rehabilitation, consumer rights, and environmental issues. The document also lists vocabulary terms and guest speakers for the week.
This document outlines the topics and activities to be covered in Week 3 of a course on community health and health promotion program development. It will describe processes of environmental scanning, trend analysis, and the key steps of community health program development. Students will learn about needs assessments, theories in health promotion planning, goals and objectives, and the ecological approach. They will develop implementation strategies at different levels of intervention and learn the purposes of program evaluation. Readings, discussions, and activities are planned, including a scenario analyzing a sheltered workshop using SWOT analysis. Key terms and concepts are defined.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in the first two chapters of a course on community-based occupational therapy practice. Chapter 1 will discuss the history and roles of OT in community-based practice as well as characteristics of effective community-based OTs. It will also cover paradigm shifts in OT. Chapter 2 will address concepts in community and public health, determinants of health, and strategies for prevention. It will discuss OT's contributions to Healthy People 2020 and its role in health promotion. The schedule includes lectures, small group work, and a guest speaker.
This document discusses clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), including how they are developed based on evidence, how they can standardize care while allowing flexibility, and how to evaluate and implement them. It notes that CPGs systematically develop statements to guide regional diagnosis and treatment based on the best available evidence. While CPGs provide time-effective guidance, the commitment of caregivers is most important for successful implementation.
This document discusses key aspects of writing a successful grant proposal. It explains that grant proposals request funding for research or evidence-based projects by outlining specific aims, background, significance, methodology, budget, and personnel. Successful grant writers are passionate, meticulous planners who can persuade reviewers of a project's importance and address potential barriers. The most important initial question is whether a project meets the funding organization's application criteria. Proposals need compelling abstracts that explain why a project deserves funding and clearly written background and methodology sections. Common weaknesses that can lead to rejection are a lack of significance or novel ideas and inadequate description of study design.
The document discusses ethical considerations for evidence implementation and generation in healthcare. It outlines key ethical principles like beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy and justice. These principles form the foundation for core dimensions of healthcare quality according to the Institute of Medicine. The document also differentiates between clinical research, quality improvement initiatives, and evidence-based practice. It notes some controversies around applying different ethical standards to research versus quality improvement. Overall, the document provides an overview of how ethical principles guide evidence-based healthcare practices and quality improvement efforts.
This chapter discusses the role of education in healthcare. It provides an agenda for the lecture which includes objectives focused on understanding the teaching role of health professionals and the education process. The chapter then reviews the historical evolution of patient education from the 1800s to present day. Key trends have shifted education approaches from disease-oriented to prevention and health-oriented models. Barriers to teaching and obstacles to learning are discussed. The ASSURE model for developing education plans is presented along with a focus on technology's growing role in client education.
This document discusses occupational therapy education and the role of occupational therapists as educators. It provides an overview of Bloom's taxonomy of learning domains and key areas for developing teaching performance. The rest of the document outlines a teaching presentation assignment, including developing objectives, content, materials, evaluations, and presenting. Students will create and deliver an in-service presentation on an assigned topic, and review peers' presentations using a rubric.
This document outlines an occupational therapy education program. It discusses the philosophy of occupational therapy education, which views learning as a lifelong collaborative process. It also covers the role of occupational therapists as educators and Bloom's Taxonomy of learning domains. The document then describes various class activities and assignments for students, including dividing into groups to prepare teaching presentations on assigned chapters, developing in-service presentations, and reviewing peers' presentations. The goal is to help students learn how to educate others about occupational therapy.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the main sections of an APA formatted paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, citations, and references according to APA style. Key aspects include using a running head on every page, double-spacing, and providing in-text citations with author and date and a reference list in alphabetical order.
This chapter review discusses key concepts from Chapter 2 including individualism, C.W. Mills' idea of connecting personal experiences to broader historical forces, Emile Durkheim's finding that stronger social ties are linked to lower suicide rates, Robert K. Merton expanding the understanding of social functions to include both manifest and latent functions as well as intended and unintended consequences.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).