The Roy Adaptation Model was developed by Sister Callista Roy. It views humans as holistic adaptive systems that are constantly interacting with their internal and external environments. The person's major task is to maintain integrity in the face of environmental stimuli. Nursing aims to promote successful adaptation. The model describes four modes of adaptation - physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. It provides a framework to assess how a person copes with environmental changes.

1. THE ADAPTATION MODEL
BY SISTER CALLISTA ROY

2. Born in Los Angeles, California, on October 14,
1939
She received a baccalaureate degree in nursing
in 1963 from mount saint Mary’s college.
She earned a master degree in nursing in 1966
from the university of California Loss Angeles.
Roy earned a master degree in Sociology in
1973.
She followed by a doctorate in sociology in 1977,
from university of California.
Numerous lectures focusing the models and has
been awarded many honors for her
contributions to nursing theory, practice ,
research and education.
SISTER CALLISTA ROY:

3. Over view of the Roy Adaptation model
The Roy Adaptation model present the person as a
holistic adaptative system in constant interaction with the
internal and the external environment.
The main task of the human system is to maintain a
integrity in the face of environmental stimuli.
The goal of nursing is to successful adaptation.

4. The adaptation level represents the condition of life process.The adaptation level represents the condition of life process.
According to the Roy, adaptation refers to the process and outcome whereby
thinking and feeling process as individuals or in group, use conscious awareness
and choice to create human and environmental integration.
Three levels are describes by Roy, integrated, Compensatory and Compromised
life process.
Three levels are describes by Roy, integrated, Compensatory and Compromised
life process.
Coping process in the Roy adaptation model include both innate coping
mechanisms and acquired coping mechanisms.
Coping process in the Roy adaptation model include both innate coping
mechanisms and acquired coping mechanisms.
An integrated life process may change to a compensatory process, which attempts
to reestablish adaptation. If compensatory process are not adequate,
compromised process result.
An integrated life process may change to a compensatory process, which attempts
to reestablish adaptation. If compensatory process are not adequate,
compromised process result.

5. includes emotions,
perceptual/information
processing, learning, and
judgment
works primarily through
the autonomic nervous
system and includes
endocrine, neural, and
perception pathways. This
mechanism prepares the
individual for coping with
environmental
stimuli
Classification of Adaptation Model
“Regulator” sub system“Regulator” sub system “Cognator” sub system“Cognator” sub system

6. 1. Physiological - oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity, rest, and
protection
2. Self Concept - Psychological and spiritual elements
3. Role Function - Primary, secondary, and tertiary roles the person
performs in society
4. Interdependence- Coping mechanisms arising from close relationships

7. – It is behavior pertaining to the physical &
physiological aspects of human system
» Oxygenation
» Nutrition
» Elimination
» Activity & rest
» Protection
» Senses
» Fluid, electrolyte & acid-balance
» Neurologic
» Endocrine.
PHYSIOLOGICAL-PHYSICAL MODE

8. SELF CONCEPT IDENTITY MODE
Focuses on the psychological & spiritual aspects of
the human system.Two modes
Personal self Appraisal of this or her own characteristics,
expectations, values & worth like moral-
ethical-spiritual self
Physical self Refers to the individuals appraisal of this or
her own physical being refers to the
individuals

9. • Focuses on the roles that the
individual occupies in society.
• Set of expectations about how a
person occupying one position
behaves toward a person
occupying another position.
• Basic need-social integrity, the
need to know who one is in
relation to others.
ROLE FUNCTION MODE

10. INTERDEPENDENCE MODE
Behavior pertaining to interdependent relationships of individuals and
groups
Focus on the close relationships of people and their purpose.
Focus on interactions related to the giving & receiving of love, respect
&value and encompasses Affection Adequacy, Developmental Adequacy,
Resource Adequacy, Significant others & support system.
Each relationship exists for some reason.
Involves the willingness and ability to give to others and accept from
others
Balance results in feelings of being valued and supported by others
Basic need-feeling of security in relationships.

11. PERSON
ENVIRONMEN
T
HEALTH
NURSING

12. According to the Roy adaptation model, humans are
holistic, adaptative systems.
Human system include people as individuals, or in groups,
including families, organization, communities and society
as whole.
According to the Roy adaptation model, humans are
holistic, adaptative systems.
Human system include people as individuals, or in groups,
including families, organization, communities and society
as whole.
PERSON
Person: adaptive system constantly interacting
with external and internal environment
Persons major task: Maintain personal
integrity (wholeness) in face of
environmental stimuli.

13. Environment is the second major concept of the model.
The environment refers to all conditions and circumstances and influences
surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons and
groups, with particular, consideration of mutuality of person and earth
resources.
It is the changing environment that stimulates the person to make adaptative
responses.
Environment is the second major concept of the model.
The environment refers to all conditions and circumstances and influences
surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons and
groups, with particular, consideration of mutuality of person and earth
resources.
It is the changing environment that stimulates the person to make adaptative
responses.
ENVIRONMENT
According to Roy, stimuli from within the human adaptive system & stimuli from around the
system represent the element of internal & external environment.
Roy specifically defines environment as “all conditions, circumstances & influences that
surround & affect the development & behavior of humans as adaptive systems, with particular
consideration of person & earth resources”.

15. Roy wrote about health as existing along a continuum, she now
views this conceptualization of health as simplistic and un realistic .
Wellness and illness excludes individuals with chronic disabilities or
terminal illness who in spite of their condition, are dealing effectively
with life's challenges.
In either conceptualization, health is viewed as a reflection of
adaptation.
Roy wrote about health as existing along a continuum, she now
views this conceptualization of health as simplistic and un realistic .
Wellness and illness excludes individuals with chronic disabilities or
terminal illness who in spite of their condition, are dealing effectively
with life's challenges.
In either conceptualization, health is viewed as a reflection of
adaptation.
HEALTH
Roy defines health as “a state & a process of being & becoming an integrated & whole human
being”.
The integrity of the person is expressed as the ability to meet the goals of survival, growth,
reproduction, mastery & person & environment transformation.

16. Roy defines nursing as a health care profession that focuses on
human life processes and patterns of people with a commitment to
promote health and full-life potential for individuals, families,
groups and the global society.
She defines nursing as the science and practice.
Roy defines nursing as a health care profession that focuses on
human life processes and patterns of people with a commitment to
promote health and full-life potential for individuals, families,
groups and the global society.
She defines nursing as the science and practice.
NURSING
ROY EMPLOYS A SIX-STEP NURSING PROCESS WHICH INCLUDESROY EMPLOYS A SIX-STEP NURSING PROCESS WHICH INCLUDES
Assessment of behavior
Nursing diagnosis
Intervention
Assessment of stimuli
Goal setting
Evaluation

17. Text book, concept in nursing, Open University of Sri Lanka, Page (103-105)
Roy, C., & Andrews, H. (1999). The Roy Adaptation Model (2nd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
Appleton & Lange.
Roy, C., & Corliss, P. (1993). The Roy Adaptation Model: Theoretical update and
knowledge for practice. In Parker, M. E. (Ed.), Patterns for nursing theories in practice
(pp. 215–229). New York: National League
for Nursing Press.
Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, Marilyn E. Parker Professor
College of Nursing Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida. Chapter 18,
Page(315-327)
Dixon, E.L. (1999). Community health nursing practice and the Roy adaptation model.
Public Health Nursing 16(4), 290-300
Text book, concept in nursing, Open University of Sri Lanka, Page (103-105)
Roy, C., & Andrews, H. (1999). The Roy Adaptation Model (2nd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
Appleton & Lange.
Roy, C., & Corliss, P. (1993). The Roy Adaptation Model: Theoretical update and
knowledge for practice. In Parker, M. E. (Ed.), Patterns for nursing theories in practice
(pp. 215–229). New York: National League
for Nursing Press.
Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, Marilyn E. Parker Professor
College of Nursing Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida. Chapter 18,
Page(315-327)
Dixon, E.L. (1999). Community health nursing practice and the Roy adaptation model.
Public Health Nursing 16(4), 290-300
REFERENCES