This document discusses several theories from behavioral sciences that are relevant to nursing, including psychodynamic theories, cognitive-behavioral theories, humanistic theories, and stress theories. It provides details on Erikson's developmental theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the health belief model, and the theory of planned behavior. It also summarizes Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, focusing on the three stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in response to stress. Overall, the document outlines several important psychological and behavioral theories and their applications to nursing practice and research.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
The document discusses several theories from biomedical sciences that have significantly impacted nursing practice and research. It covers theories of disease causation like germ theory and the web of causation. Germ theory proposed that microorganisms cause disease and was important for modern medical care. The web of causation explains that chronic diseases have multiple contributing factors. The natural history of disease model outlines periods in a disease's progression and levels of prevention. Recent advances in genetics including the Human Genome Project have expanded understanding of genes and their role in traits and disease. Biomedical theories are integral to nursing education, practice, and research.
This document discusses several theories from the behavioral sciences that are relevant to nursing, including psychodynamic theories, cognitive-behavioral theories, humanistic theories, and stress theories. It provides details on Erikson's developmental theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the health belief model, and the theory of planned behavior. It also summarizes Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, focusing on the three stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in response to stress. Overall, the document outlines several important psychological and behavioral theories and their applications to nursing practice and research.
This document discusses various concepts related to nursing administration and management, including organizational design, shared governance, transformational leadership, patient care delivery models, the Magnet Recognition Program, case management, and disease management. Key points covered include definitions of centralized vs decentralized decision making, models of shared governance, characteristics of transformational leadership, examples of patient care delivery models like team and primary nursing, and components of the Magnet Recognition and case management programs.
Theory is defined as “a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action”. Nursing theory is “an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing”
This document provides information on several grand nursing theorists: Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Dorothea Orem. It describes their backgrounds, major works and contributions to nursing. Nightingale established the first nursing school and advocated for sanitary hospital conditions. Henderson defined 14 basic human needs and viewed nursing as assisting patients. Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
The document discusses various learning theories that are relevant for nursing education and practice. It covers behavioral, cognitive, and adult learning theories. The key theories discussed include operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive development theories from Piaget and Gagne, and Knowles' adult learning theory of andragogy. The theories explore how learning occurs through the interaction of person, behavior, and environment. The document emphasizes that understanding learning theories can help nurses effectively develop teaching strategies.
The document discusses various methods for evaluating nursing theories. It describes the three phases of theory evaluation as theory description, theory analysis, and theory evaluation. Several nursing scholars developed methods for theory evaluation, beginning in the 1960s. Their criteria examined aspects like origins, meaning, logical adequacy, usefulness, and testability. The document also presents a synthesized three-phase method for comprehensively evaluating nursing theories.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
The document discusses several theories from biomedical sciences that have significantly impacted nursing practice and research. It covers theories of disease causation like germ theory and the web of causation. Germ theory proposed that microorganisms cause disease and was important for modern medical care. The web of causation explains that chronic diseases have multiple contributing factors. The natural history of disease model outlines periods in a disease's progression and levels of prevention. Recent advances in genetics including the Human Genome Project have expanded understanding of genes and their role in traits and disease. Biomedical theories are integral to nursing education, practice, and research.
This document discusses several theories from the behavioral sciences that are relevant to nursing, including psychodynamic theories, cognitive-behavioral theories, humanistic theories, and stress theories. It provides details on Erikson's developmental theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the health belief model, and the theory of planned behavior. It also summarizes Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, focusing on the three stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in response to stress. Overall, the document outlines several important psychological and behavioral theories and their applications to nursing practice and research.
This document discusses various concepts related to nursing administration and management, including organizational design, shared governance, transformational leadership, patient care delivery models, the Magnet Recognition Program, case management, and disease management. Key points covered include definitions of centralized vs decentralized decision making, models of shared governance, characteristics of transformational leadership, examples of patient care delivery models like team and primary nursing, and components of the Magnet Recognition and case management programs.
Theory is defined as “a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action”. Nursing theory is “an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing”
This document provides information on several grand nursing theorists: Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Dorothea Orem. It describes their backgrounds, major works and contributions to nursing. Nightingale established the first nursing school and advocated for sanitary hospital conditions. Henderson defined 14 basic human needs and viewed nursing as assisting patients. Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
The document discusses various learning theories that are relevant for nursing education and practice. It covers behavioral, cognitive, and adult learning theories. The key theories discussed include operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive development theories from Piaget and Gagne, and Knowles' adult learning theory of andragogy. The theories explore how learning occurs through the interaction of person, behavior, and environment. The document emphasizes that understanding learning theories can help nurses effectively develop teaching strategies.
The document discusses various methods for evaluating nursing theories. It describes the three phases of theory evaluation as theory description, theory analysis, and theory evaluation. Several nursing scholars developed methods for theory evaluation, beginning in the 1960s. Their criteria examined aspects like origins, meaning, logical adequacy, usefulness, and testability. The document also presents a synthesized three-phase method for comprehensively evaluating nursing theories.
This document provides an overview of Myra Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing and Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. It describes the origins and key concepts of each model. Levine developed the Conservation Model in the 1960s based on Nightingale's environment-based approach. It focuses on holism, adaptation, and conservation. Roy developed the Adaptation Model in the 1960s and 1970s based on her interest in how people adapt to changes, especially children. It views the person as an open system that adapts through four modes.
The document discusses grand nursing theories, which attempt to broadly explain areas within the nursing discipline. It describes three main categories of grand nursing theories: human needs theories, which view humans as reducible parts and focus on meeting needs; interactive theories, which see humans holistically interacting with their environment using systems theory; and unitary process theories, which view humans as unitary energy systems constantly interacting with their environment in unpredictable ways. Examples of theorists within each category are provided.
The document discusses different ways of categorizing nursing theory, including by scope or level of abstraction, purpose, and source/discipline. It also covers the components and development of theory, and the relationship between theory, research, and practice. Theory development seeks to understand practice, identify and express ideas, and organize existing knowledge.
The document discusses the relationship between theory and research in nursing. It states that research should be placed within a theoretical framework to guide the research process and aid in interpretation of findings. Nursing research has historically lagged due to a limited theoretical base and lack of efforts to link theory and data. The document outlines different types of theories (descriptive, explanatory, predictive) and corresponding research methods (descriptive, correlational, experimental). It also discusses how theory can be used in the research process through theory generation, theory testing, and as a conceptual framework.
The document discusses nursing theory, including its importance in distinguishing nursing as a discipline and communicating nursing practice. It covers the initial development of nursing theory to define nursing's domain, and notes that while some early scholars wanted a single theory, nursing theory has evolved with multiple perspectives. Key topics of nursing theory development, types of theories, and issues like whether nursing theory borrows from other fields or is unique are presented. Florence Nightingale is cited as the first modern nursing theorist for delineating nursing's goals and practice.
This document discusses several prominent middle range nursing theories, including Pender's Health Promotion Model, Leininger's Culture Care Theory, Transitions Theory, and the Synergy Model. It provides an overview of the development and key concepts of each theory, such as Pender focusing on factors that motivate health behaviors, Leininger emphasizing culturally congruent care, Transitions Theory addressing life changes, and the Synergy Model matching patient and nurse characteristics. The document also notes how the theories are frequently used in both nursing research and practice.
This document discusses the relationship between nursing, science, philosophy and different ways of knowing. It states that nursing is both a profession and an academic discipline, and draws upon natural, social and applied sciences. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are valuable for developing nursing knowledge. Knowledge in nursing comes from empirical, esthetic, personal and ethical ways of knowing. There is no single valid approach but rather multiple perspectives are needed.
The document discusses concept development in nursing theory. It states that defining concepts clearly is the most logical starting point for developing a theory. Concepts can be abstract or concrete, single words, phrases, or variables. Concepts in nursing theory can be derived from nature, research findings, or other disciplines. The document reviews several frameworks for concept analysis, including those proposed by Walker and Avant, Rodgers, Swartz-Barcott and Kim, Meleis, Morse, and Penrod and Hupcey. It compares the models in Table 3-9.
This document discusses the relationship between nursing theory and practice. It states that theory and practice are inseparable and theory provides the basis for understanding nursing. The document also describes how theory influences nursing practice by organizing care, setting standards, and identifying recipients of care. It discusses theory-based practice and evidence-based practice, noting that EBP builds on research but is not synonymous with research. The document emphasizes that theory and practice must work together to continually improve nursing.
This document provides information about the contributors and reviewers involved in the fifth edition of the textbook "Theoretical Basis for Nursing". It lists the production staff, including the acquisitions editor, development editor, and editorial coordinator. It also provides copyright information and a dedication from the authors.
Middle range theories lie between grand theories and practice theories. They have fewer and more concrete concepts that can be empirically tested. Nursing recognizes middle range theories as important for developing knowledge to support practice. Many are developed from research, literature reviews, taxonomies, or by adapting concepts from other disciplines. They must be testable and address relevant nursing problems. Future development and use of middle range theories will further advance nursing as a discipline.
The document provides an overview of different types of preference assessments, including single stimulus, paired stimulus, and multiple stimulus preference assessments. It describes the procedures for each type of assessment, including how to present stimuli, collect data, and calculate and interpret the results. Single stimulus assessments involve presenting one item at a time while paired stimulus assessments present two items simultaneously. Multiple stimulus assessments present multiple items at once without replacement. The document provides guidance on which type of assessment may be most appropriate based on a learner's abilities and needs.
This document discusses the development, regulation, and delivery of pharmaceutical drugs. It covers the sources of drugs, including plants, animals, synthetic chemicals, and genetically engineered chemicals. The document then discusses the drug development process, including preclinical and clinical trials, as well as the various laws and regulations governing drug advertising, scheduling of controlled substances, and distribution. It emphasizes the important role of nurses in properly managing drug therapy within the legal and institutional controls.
This document provides an overview of evidence-based practice (EBP) and several EBP models used in nursing. It discusses key concepts of EBP including best evidence, expertise, and patient values. Several commonly used EBP models are described, including the ACE Star Model, ARCC Model, Iowa Model, and Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Model. The document emphasizes the importance of integrating research evidence, nursing theory, and clinical expertise in EBP.
This document discusses strengths theory and positive psychology. It defines strengths as pre-existing capacities that are authentic and energizing, enabling optimal functioning. Two main classification systems are described: Clifton StrengthsFinder measures 34 talent themes, while VIA Inventory of Strengths identifies 24 character strengths within six virtues. Well-being has three dimensions - emotional, psychological, and social - and flourishing involves high levels across all dimensions. Limitations in applying strengths approaches cross-culturally are noted.
To innovate is to put new ideas into practice or existing ideas into practice in new ways. Every nurse is an agent of change and an innovator. Every day, nurses work together to solve difficult challenges in the workplace and for their patients.
Outdoor long time and patient dissatisfactionImran Subho
1) The document discusses the impact of long waiting times in outpatient departments (OPDs) on patient dissatisfaction.
2) It notes that waiting times seem longer to patients than their actual appointments with doctors.
3) Several causes of long waiting times are discussed, including an excessive number of patients compared to available staff. Effects include worsening patient conditions and decreased reliability of doctors.
4) Recommendations to remedy long wait times include establishing early check-in departments, increasing staff numbers, and maintaining proper scheduling.
Nurse managers have a dual role as both clinical leader and unit administrator. They are responsible for overseeing unit staffing, budgeting, quality improvement, and patient satisfaction. As leaders, they motivate staff and embody the unit's vision, while also managing day-to-day operations. Successful nurse managers utilize various frameworks to guide their work, measure outcomes, and align unit activities with organizational goals in order to ensure high quality, safe care for patients.
This document provides information on lobbying, critical thinking, and decision making. It defines lobbying as attempting to influence political decisions through advocacy, and identifies three types of lobbyists. It outlines steps for effective lobbying campaigns and letter writing, including developing a plan, understanding opposing views, and following up. The document also defines critical thinking as actively conceptualizing and evaluating information to guide beliefs and actions. It describes Bloom's six levels of critical thinking and the five stages of developing critical thinking skills from unreflective to habitually high-level across domains.
Content personality refers to giving your content a unique and recognizable style so that your audience can connect with it faster and have better engagement. It is important to write in a personalized way to sustain readers' interest and encourage actions like repeat visits, conversion, and becoming trusted followers. To develop content personality, ensure consistency in language use and storytelling structure, use distinctive visual elements like colors for calls to action, and be unique in your presentation style by including things like quotations, references, and videos. Each piece of content should be written to address an issue, provide background, and offer a solution supported by references to solve readers' needs and drive engagement.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality. It discusses:
1) Psychoanalytic theories proposed by Sigmund Freud involving the id, ego, and superego. It also explains defense mechanisms like rationalization and repression.
2) Jung's ideas about the collective unconscious and archetypes. Adler's concept of an inferiority complex.
3) Learning theories from Skinner about behaviorism and Bandura about observational learning.
4) Humanistic theories focusing on self-actualization from Maslow and concepts of the fully functioning self from Rogers.
5) Trait theories involving the identification of traits from Allport, Cattell's 16 trait theory, and
This document provides an overview of Myra Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing and Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. It describes the origins and key concepts of each model. Levine developed the Conservation Model in the 1960s based on Nightingale's environment-based approach. It focuses on holism, adaptation, and conservation. Roy developed the Adaptation Model in the 1960s and 1970s based on her interest in how people adapt to changes, especially children. It views the person as an open system that adapts through four modes.
The document discusses grand nursing theories, which attempt to broadly explain areas within the nursing discipline. It describes three main categories of grand nursing theories: human needs theories, which view humans as reducible parts and focus on meeting needs; interactive theories, which see humans holistically interacting with their environment using systems theory; and unitary process theories, which view humans as unitary energy systems constantly interacting with their environment in unpredictable ways. Examples of theorists within each category are provided.
The document discusses different ways of categorizing nursing theory, including by scope or level of abstraction, purpose, and source/discipline. It also covers the components and development of theory, and the relationship between theory, research, and practice. Theory development seeks to understand practice, identify and express ideas, and organize existing knowledge.
The document discusses the relationship between theory and research in nursing. It states that research should be placed within a theoretical framework to guide the research process and aid in interpretation of findings. Nursing research has historically lagged due to a limited theoretical base and lack of efforts to link theory and data. The document outlines different types of theories (descriptive, explanatory, predictive) and corresponding research methods (descriptive, correlational, experimental). It also discusses how theory can be used in the research process through theory generation, theory testing, and as a conceptual framework.
The document discusses nursing theory, including its importance in distinguishing nursing as a discipline and communicating nursing practice. It covers the initial development of nursing theory to define nursing's domain, and notes that while some early scholars wanted a single theory, nursing theory has evolved with multiple perspectives. Key topics of nursing theory development, types of theories, and issues like whether nursing theory borrows from other fields or is unique are presented. Florence Nightingale is cited as the first modern nursing theorist for delineating nursing's goals and practice.
This document discusses several prominent middle range nursing theories, including Pender's Health Promotion Model, Leininger's Culture Care Theory, Transitions Theory, and the Synergy Model. It provides an overview of the development and key concepts of each theory, such as Pender focusing on factors that motivate health behaviors, Leininger emphasizing culturally congruent care, Transitions Theory addressing life changes, and the Synergy Model matching patient and nurse characteristics. The document also notes how the theories are frequently used in both nursing research and practice.
This document discusses the relationship between nursing, science, philosophy and different ways of knowing. It states that nursing is both a profession and an academic discipline, and draws upon natural, social and applied sciences. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are valuable for developing nursing knowledge. Knowledge in nursing comes from empirical, esthetic, personal and ethical ways of knowing. There is no single valid approach but rather multiple perspectives are needed.
The document discusses concept development in nursing theory. It states that defining concepts clearly is the most logical starting point for developing a theory. Concepts can be abstract or concrete, single words, phrases, or variables. Concepts in nursing theory can be derived from nature, research findings, or other disciplines. The document reviews several frameworks for concept analysis, including those proposed by Walker and Avant, Rodgers, Swartz-Barcott and Kim, Meleis, Morse, and Penrod and Hupcey. It compares the models in Table 3-9.
This document discusses the relationship between nursing theory and practice. It states that theory and practice are inseparable and theory provides the basis for understanding nursing. The document also describes how theory influences nursing practice by organizing care, setting standards, and identifying recipients of care. It discusses theory-based practice and evidence-based practice, noting that EBP builds on research but is not synonymous with research. The document emphasizes that theory and practice must work together to continually improve nursing.
This document provides information about the contributors and reviewers involved in the fifth edition of the textbook "Theoretical Basis for Nursing". It lists the production staff, including the acquisitions editor, development editor, and editorial coordinator. It also provides copyright information and a dedication from the authors.
Middle range theories lie between grand theories and practice theories. They have fewer and more concrete concepts that can be empirically tested. Nursing recognizes middle range theories as important for developing knowledge to support practice. Many are developed from research, literature reviews, taxonomies, or by adapting concepts from other disciplines. They must be testable and address relevant nursing problems. Future development and use of middle range theories will further advance nursing as a discipline.
The document provides an overview of different types of preference assessments, including single stimulus, paired stimulus, and multiple stimulus preference assessments. It describes the procedures for each type of assessment, including how to present stimuli, collect data, and calculate and interpret the results. Single stimulus assessments involve presenting one item at a time while paired stimulus assessments present two items simultaneously. Multiple stimulus assessments present multiple items at once without replacement. The document provides guidance on which type of assessment may be most appropriate based on a learner's abilities and needs.
This document discusses the development, regulation, and delivery of pharmaceutical drugs. It covers the sources of drugs, including plants, animals, synthetic chemicals, and genetically engineered chemicals. The document then discusses the drug development process, including preclinical and clinical trials, as well as the various laws and regulations governing drug advertising, scheduling of controlled substances, and distribution. It emphasizes the important role of nurses in properly managing drug therapy within the legal and institutional controls.
This document provides an overview of evidence-based practice (EBP) and several EBP models used in nursing. It discusses key concepts of EBP including best evidence, expertise, and patient values. Several commonly used EBP models are described, including the ACE Star Model, ARCC Model, Iowa Model, and Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Model. The document emphasizes the importance of integrating research evidence, nursing theory, and clinical expertise in EBP.
This document discusses strengths theory and positive psychology. It defines strengths as pre-existing capacities that are authentic and energizing, enabling optimal functioning. Two main classification systems are described: Clifton StrengthsFinder measures 34 talent themes, while VIA Inventory of Strengths identifies 24 character strengths within six virtues. Well-being has three dimensions - emotional, psychological, and social - and flourishing involves high levels across all dimensions. Limitations in applying strengths approaches cross-culturally are noted.
To innovate is to put new ideas into practice or existing ideas into practice in new ways. Every nurse is an agent of change and an innovator. Every day, nurses work together to solve difficult challenges in the workplace and for their patients.
Outdoor long time and patient dissatisfactionImran Subho
1) The document discusses the impact of long waiting times in outpatient departments (OPDs) on patient dissatisfaction.
2) It notes that waiting times seem longer to patients than their actual appointments with doctors.
3) Several causes of long waiting times are discussed, including an excessive number of patients compared to available staff. Effects include worsening patient conditions and decreased reliability of doctors.
4) Recommendations to remedy long wait times include establishing early check-in departments, increasing staff numbers, and maintaining proper scheduling.
Nurse managers have a dual role as both clinical leader and unit administrator. They are responsible for overseeing unit staffing, budgeting, quality improvement, and patient satisfaction. As leaders, they motivate staff and embody the unit's vision, while also managing day-to-day operations. Successful nurse managers utilize various frameworks to guide their work, measure outcomes, and align unit activities with organizational goals in order to ensure high quality, safe care for patients.
This document provides information on lobbying, critical thinking, and decision making. It defines lobbying as attempting to influence political decisions through advocacy, and identifies three types of lobbyists. It outlines steps for effective lobbying campaigns and letter writing, including developing a plan, understanding opposing views, and following up. The document also defines critical thinking as actively conceptualizing and evaluating information to guide beliefs and actions. It describes Bloom's six levels of critical thinking and the five stages of developing critical thinking skills from unreflective to habitually high-level across domains.
Content personality refers to giving your content a unique and recognizable style so that your audience can connect with it faster and have better engagement. It is important to write in a personalized way to sustain readers' interest and encourage actions like repeat visits, conversion, and becoming trusted followers. To develop content personality, ensure consistency in language use and storytelling structure, use distinctive visual elements like colors for calls to action, and be unique in your presentation style by including things like quotations, references, and videos. Each piece of content should be written to address an issue, provide background, and offer a solution supported by references to solve readers' needs and drive engagement.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality. It discusses:
1) Psychoanalytic theories proposed by Sigmund Freud involving the id, ego, and superego. It also explains defense mechanisms like rationalization and repression.
2) Jung's ideas about the collective unconscious and archetypes. Adler's concept of an inferiority complex.
3) Learning theories from Skinner about behaviorism and Bandura about observational learning.
4) Humanistic theories focusing on self-actualization from Maslow and concepts of the fully functioning self from Rogers.
5) Trait theories involving the identification of traits from Allport, Cattell's 16 trait theory, and
This document provides an overview of Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, Third Edition by Saundra K. Ciccarelli and J. Noland White. It covers explanations of mental illness from ancient times to modern definitions. It describes the major types of psychological disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. The causes and symptoms of each type of disorder are explained from biological, psychological, cognitive, and learning perspectives.
The document discusses various topics related to consciousness, including sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs. It covers levels of consciousness, the stages and purposes of sleep, theories of dreaming, how hypnosis works, and the effects of different classes of drugs like stimulants and depressants. The key learning objectives are about consciousness, sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, drug dependence and effects, and specific drugs. Figures and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like sleep stages, brain activity during sleep, and common sleep disorders.
This document summarizes different types of therapies and treatments for psychological disorders. It discusses insights therapies like psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies developed by Freud and Rogers. It also covers action therapies like behavior therapies based on classical and operant conditioning. Cognitive therapies aim to help clients recognize distorted thinking and replace it with more realistic thoughts. Therapies can be individual or in group settings, and involve talk therapy, conditioning techniques, or medications to treat disorders.
This document provides an overview of different psychological therapies and how they have been used to treat psychological disorders. It discusses two modern approaches: psychotherapy, which is based on psychological theories and techniques, and biomedical therapy, which uses medical interventions. Specific therapeutic approaches covered include psychoanalysis, cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral therapy using classical and operant conditioning, humanistic therapies like person-centered and Gestalt therapy, and group therapies. Effectiveness of different therapies and factors influencing outcomes are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of a psychology textbook chapter on memory. It discusses the three main processes of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. It describes several models of how memory works, including the information processing model and levels of processing model. It also outlines the different types of memory, including sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Within long-term memory, it distinguishes between declarative and nondeclarative memory.
Personality refers to the unique characteristics that make an individual different from others and is shaped by both internal and external factors. There are several theories that seek to explain personality, including trait theory, psychoanalytic theory, and social learning theory. Personality develops through stages from infancy to adulthood according to theorists like Freud and Erikson. It is influenced by heredity, environment, family, social factors, and the situation. Various dimensions and theories like the Big Five traits and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator help categorize personalities. Personality traits such as locus of control, introversion/extroversion, and self-esteem are important for organizational behavior.
This document provides an overview of the organization and development of the nervous system. It discusses:
1) How the nervous system develops from the ectoderm germ layer and formation of the neural tube and neural crest.
2) The basic structure and function of neurons, including their specialized cell parts like axons and dendrites.
3) How neurons communicate through synapses and neurotransmitters.
4) The main divisions of the nervous system - the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system, and their functions in coordinating behavior and maintaining homeostasis.
The document discusses personality development and building good character. It defines personality as one's thoughts, actions, and behavior in different scenarios. Developing good character requires focusing on qualities like self-confidence, positive thinking, learning from failures, self-reliance, and selfless service. It also emphasizes the importance of goal setting, time management, communication skills, and leadership qualities. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through exercise, diet, yoga, meditation, and managing one's thoughts is also discussed as pivotal to personality development.
Personality development- A PATH TO SUCCESSsree navya
Personality development involves improving one's distinctive patterns of behavior and attitudes. It is described as a way to success, with tips provided such as reading positive phrases aloud, breaking a pencil with your finger, and following helpful advice in order to achieve success. The document provides a brief introduction to personality development and encourages positive actions.
The document discusses personality from an organizational behavior perspective. It defines personality as a dynamic system greater than the sum of its parts. Personality is determined by heredity, environment, and situation. Two prominent models of personality discussed are the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Big Five model. Methods of measuring personality include interviews, observation, projective tests, and objective tests.
Personality development is actually the development from the organized pattern of attitudes and behaviors which makes an individual distinctive. A quick definition could be, personality is composed of the characteristic designs of feelings, behaviors and thoughts which make a person special.
This document summarizes chapters from a psychology textbook about various theories of personality. It discusses Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory, including the id, ego, superego, unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual stages of development. It also covers neo-Freudian theorists like Jung, Adler, and Horney and their modifications to Freud's ideas. Additional perspectives on personality discussed include behaviorism, social cognitive theory, humanism, and the trait perspective.
The document discusses Chapter 14 from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It covers psychological disorders such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. It defines abnormal behavior and explains different models for understanding psychological disorders, including biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive models. It also discusses the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and how it classifies over 250 psychological disorders.
This document is a chapter from the textbook Psychology, 4th Edition. It discusses development across the lifespan, including research designs used to study development, the interplay between nature and nurture, genetics and prenatal development, and physical, cognitive, and social development from infancy through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Key topics covered include longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs, the roles of genes and DNA, fetal development, and physical and cognitive milestones from infancy to childhood.
Personality refers to the set of traits and behaviors that characterize an individual. It has both internal elements like thoughts and genetics as well as external and observable behaviors. Personality is relatively stable but can be shaped by both heredity and environment. There are several theories for describing personality types including the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Big Five model. Understanding personality is important in organizational behavior for predicting behaviors, managing diversity, and achieving person-job fit.
Personality is defined as a relatively stable set of characteristics that influence behavior and interactions with others. It is determined by heredity, environment, situation, culture, and family background. Major theories of personality include trait theory, psychodynamic theory, humanistic theory, and the integrative approach. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses four traits to classify individuals into one of 16 personality types. The Big Five model describes five broad personality traits: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Trait theories posit that personality traits are stable over time and across situations and can be used to predict behavior.
This document discusses the overview of theory in nursing. It defines theory and discusses its importance in distinguishing nursing from other disciplines. Theories provide structure for nursing knowledge and clarify assumptions and values. The document outlines the stages of theory development in nursing from the silent knowledge stage to the current integrated knowledge stage. It also discusses the scope of nursing theory from metatheory to grand theory to middle range theory to practice theory.
This document discusses various learning theories relevant to nursing education. It describes behavioral learning theories which focus on observable behaviors and stimuli-response models. Cognitive learning theories consider thoughts and mental processes. Adult learning theory proposes adults are self-directed learners who need to understand why they are learning something. Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes modeling behaviors and developing self-efficacy. The document also covers Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Gagne's categories of learning outcomes.
The document discusses various learning theories that are relevant for nursing education and practice. It covers behavioral, cognitive, and adult learning theories. The key theories discussed include operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive development theories from Piaget and Gagne, and Knowles' adult learning theory of andragogy. The theories explore how learning occurs through the interaction of person, behavior, and environment. The document emphasizes that understanding learning theories can help nurses effectively develop teaching strategies.
This document summarizes key points from a chapter on frameworks for health promotion, disease prevention, and risk reduction. It discusses influences on health, levels of prevention, behavior change theories like the health belief model and transtheoretical model, and the ecological model for understanding influences on behaviors. It also provides examples, definitions, and rationales for true/false questions.
1) Nursing is defined as the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness, with the goal of putting patients in the best condition for nature to act upon them.
2) Health is defined by the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. It is viewed as a continuum.
3) The U.S. health care system is increasingly emphasizing health promotion, wellness and self-care over being just disease-oriented.
This document discusses critical thinking, ethical decision making, and the nursing process. It defines critical thinking as a multidimensional skill involving reasoning and reflective thinking. Characteristics of critical thinkers include being organized, persistent, and flexible. The document also outlines basic ethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, and justice. It describes the nursing process as having five steps - assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Throughout, critical thinking is positioned as central to effective nursing practice and decision making.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
This document discusses several sociological theories that are relevant to nursing, including systems theory, feminist theory, critical social theory, and chaos theory. It provides overview and key concepts for each theory. Systems theory views systems as open with inputs, throughputs, outputs and feedback. Feminist theory analyzes gender differences and women's oppression. Critical social theory aims to uncover oppression and empower individuals. Chaos theory examines nonlinear dynamical systems and concepts like sensitive dependence on initial conditions and strange attractors. These theories are applicable to different aspects of nursing practice, research, administration and understanding health behaviors.
The document discusses several future issues facing nursing and healthcare. It notes major demographic shifts in the US population along with changes to the healthcare system through the Affordable Care Act. Key challenges identified include chronic conditions, an aging population, health disparities, and limited English proficiency. Future nursing roles will focus on ensuring access to care, promoting high-quality outcomes, and developing competencies like critical thinking and cultural understanding. Nursing education must also prepare graduates to work across settings with these competencies.
The document discusses health education and health promotion. It covers topics such as the purposes of health education, variables that influence adherence to medical regimens, teaching and learning strategies, and the nursing process in developing teaching plans. Health promotion principles are also discussed, including self-responsibility, nutrition awareness, and stress management. Nurses play an important role in both health education and health promotion.
This document provides information on several grand nursing theorists and their theories, including Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Dorothea Orem. It describes key details about their lives, work, and the major concepts of their nursing theories. Nightingale developed her theory based on providing an optimal healing environment. Henderson identified 14 basic human needs and believed nursing aims to assist patients until they can care for themselves. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory has three nested theories and focuses on patients' ability to perform self-care.
This document provides biographical information about Martha Rogers, Margaret Newman, and Rosemarie Parse, three nurses who developed grand nursing theories. It describes Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings theory which views humans and the environment as open, energy fields that interact continuously. It outlines Newman's Health as Expanding Consciousness theory which defines health as the expansion of consciousness. And it provides brief details about Parse's Human Becoming theory.
This document discusses the history and future of community and public health nursing. It covers key topics like the role of government in health care, major changes in the 21st century like increased technology usage, and challenges for community and public health nursing going forward such as eliminating health disparities and cultural competence. The document also outlines principles of public health nursing practice and goals of initiatives like Healthy People 2020.
The document discusses frameworks and approaches for conducting community assessments. It describes community assessment as examining biological, psychological and sociocultural influences on a specific group. Some key frameworks covered include the epidemiologic approach to describe health and relationships, the community as partner framework examining parts of the community, and the functional health status approach evaluating health patterns. Developmental models take a historical approach to understand cultural changes over time. The asset-based approach identifies community resources and strengths. A collaborative model emphasizes interdisciplinary assessment.
This document discusses cultural diversity and values in nursing. It covers topics like culture and health, cultural competence, cross-cultural nursing, and assessing culture. Culture is defined as dynamic, shared, and learned rather than static, private and inherited. Cultural competence requires openness, respect, and consideration of power relations and health disparities. It is important for nurses to understand their own cultural beliefs as well as those of their clients.
This document discusses community mental health and contains several sections:
- It outlines the epidemiology, early intervention, and treatment of mental illnesses from a public health perspective.
- Sections discuss specific illnesses like schizophrenia, mood/anxiety disorders, and autism in children.
- The evolution of community mental health is examined, from deinstitutionalization to current community services.
- Legislation aiming for parity in mental health insurance is also mentioned.
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on global health and the environment, including:
- Definitions of global health, public health, and health indicators
- Determinants of health and risk factors that affect disease burden
- Demographic and epidemiologic transitions over time
- The Millennium Development Goals and factors affecting global health systems
- Effective strategies for managing health workforce shortages.
This document discusses family assessment for community health nurses. It covers definitions of family, components of family assessment including cultural and developmental needs, tools for assessment like ecomaps and genograms, theoretical approaches, diversity and its influence on families, family health risks, and the responsibility of nurses to conduct flexible family assessments. Focused family interviews of 15 minutes can provide useful information through open-ended questions and acknowledging family strengths.
The document discusses various microbiology techniques for culturing microbes including inoculation, isolation, incubation, inspection, and identification. It describes how to produce pure cultures through methods like streak plating and describes different types of culture media including solid, liquid, enriched, selective, and differential media. The goals are to transfer microbes to produce isolated colonies, grow them under proper conditions, observe characteristics, and identify organisms through comparing data.
The document provides instructions for creating a research poster, including reviewing sample posters and an article on best practices. It discusses font size, logo placement, poster size, image and graphic quality, and elements that make a poster engaging. A sample student research poster is also included, with sections on the problem, methodology, results, conclusions, and references. The poster summarizes a study on the occupations of school-aged children who have siblings with cognitive or behavioral disabilities.
The document provides instructions for creating an effective research poster. It discusses reviewing sample posters to understand best practices like font size, logo placement, size of the poster, and quality of images. It also recommends considering what makes sample posters visually engaging and how one's own poster could be improved.
Position Your Body for Learning implements evidence-based measurements to assess optimal positioning for learning. The document describes three simple assessments - "roll", "rattle", and "rumble" - to determine if desk height matches elbow rest height and chair height matches popliteal height. It explains that proper ergonomic positioning through adjustments can improve students' attention, fine motor skills, and performance on standardized tests. The document provides a form called "Measuring for Optimal Positioning" to document student measurements and identify furniture adjustments needed.
The agenda outlines a thesis dissemination meeting that will include welcome and introductions, a syllabus review, project summaries from students, breaks, a presentation on APA style and thesis document preparation from the writing center, library resources overview, and discussion of thesis resources and dismissal. The document also lists various thesis course, poster, article, and conference resources that will be made available to students.
This document discusses program evaluation, outlining key concepts and approaches. It describes the purposes of program evaluation as determining if objectives are met and improving decision making. Formative and summative evaluations are explained, with formative used for ongoing improvement and summative to determine effects. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are appropriate, including experimental, quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs. Stakeholder involvement, utilization of results, and addressing ethical considerations are important aspects of program evaluation.
The document outlines topics from Chapter 6 of a course, including similarities and differences between intervention planning for individuals and community programs, best practices for developing mission statements and effective teams, and issues related to program sustainability. It also provides examples and activities for developing SMART goals, vision and mission statements, and sustainability plans for a fall prevention program. Resources and considerations are presented for each step of the program development process.
Compliance, motivation, and health behaviors stanbridge
This document provides information about compliance, motivation, and health behaviors as they relate to learners. It introduces several occupational therapy students and their backgrounds. The objectives cover defining key terms and discussing theories of compliance, motivation concepts, and strategies to facilitate motivation. The document then matches vocabulary terms to their definitions and discusses several theories of behavior change, including the health belief model, self-efficacy theory, protection motivation theory, stages of change model, and theory of reasoned action. Motivational strategies and the educator's role in health promotion are also outlined.
Ch 5 developmental stages of the learnerstanbridge
This document provides an overview of developmental stages of the learner from infancy through older adulthood. It begins with introductions of the presenters and learning objectives. Key terms are defined. Development is discussed in terms of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial characteristics at each stage: infancy/toddlerhood, early childhood, middle/late childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle-aged adulthood, and older adulthood. Teaching strategies are outlined for each developmental stage. The role of family in patient education is also addressed.
This document summarizes the content covered in Week 2 of a course on community-based occupational therapy practice. Chapter 3 discusses using theories from related disciplines in community practice and identifying strategies for organizing communities to meet health needs. Chapter 4 covers understanding relevant federal legislation, including laws supporting reimbursement and those focused on education, medical rehabilitation, consumer rights, and environmental issues. The document also lists vocabulary terms and guest speakers for the week.
This document outlines the topics and activities to be covered in Week 3 of a course on community health and health promotion program development. It will describe processes of environmental scanning, trend analysis, and the key steps of community health program development. Students will learn about needs assessments, theories in health promotion planning, goals and objectives, and the ecological approach. They will develop implementation strategies at different levels of intervention and learn the purposes of program evaluation. Readings, discussions, and activities are planned, including a scenario analyzing a sheltered workshop using SWOT analysis. Key terms and concepts are defined.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in the first two chapters of a course on community-based occupational therapy practice. Chapter 1 will discuss the history and roles of OT in community-based practice as well as characteristics of effective community-based OTs. It will also cover paradigm shifts in OT. Chapter 2 will address concepts in community and public health, determinants of health, and strategies for prevention. It will discuss OT's contributions to Healthy People 2020 and its role in health promotion. The schedule includes lectures, small group work, and a guest speaker.
This document discusses how to critically appraise quantitative studies for clinical decision making. It covers evaluating the validity, reliability, and applicability of studies. Key points include assessing for bias, determining if results are statistically and clinically significant, and considering how well study findings can be applied to patients. Study designs like randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and cohort studies are examined. The importance of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in evidence-based practice is also covered.
This document discusses the importance of clinical judgment in evidence-based nursing practice. It states that research evidence must be considered alongside patient concerns and preferences. Good clinical judgment requires carefully examining the validity of evidence and how it is applied to specific patients. The fit between evidence and each patient's unique situation is rarely perfect. Nurses must understand patients narratively and use judgment over time to determine the most appropriate care based on evidence and the patient's needs. Experiential learning and developing expertise in caring for particular patient populations enhances a nurse's clinical grasp and judgment.
This document discusses qualitative research and its application to clinical decision making. It describes how qualitative evidence can inform understanding of patient experiences and perspectives, which are important components of evidence-based practice. The document outlines different qualitative research traditions like ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology. It also discusses techniques for appraising qualitative studies based on their credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The key point is that qualitative evidence provides insights into human experiences, values, and meanings that can help inform clinical decisions.
This document discusses critically appraising knowledge for clinical decision making. It explains that practice should be based on unbiased, reliable evidence rather than tradition. The three main sources of knowledge for evidence-based practice are valid research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient choices. Clinical practice guidelines are the primary source to guide decisions as they synthesize research evidence. Internal evidence from quality improvement projects applies specifically to the setting where it was collected, unlike external evidence which is more generalizable. Both internal and external evidence should be combined using the PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle for continuous improvement.
This document discusses implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical settings. It emphasizes that engaging all stakeholders, including clinical staff, administrators, and other disciplines, is key. It also stresses that assessing and addressing barriers like knowledge, attitudes, and resources is important. Finally, it highlights that evaluating outcomes through quantifiable measures can help determine the impact of EBP changes on patient care.
This document discusses clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), including how they are developed based on evidence, how they can standardize care while allowing flexibility, and how to evaluate and implement them. It notes that CPGs systematically develop statements to guide regional diagnosis and treatment based on the best available evidence. While CPGs provide time-effective guidance, the commitment of caregivers is most important for successful implementation.
This document discusses key aspects of writing a successful grant proposal. It explains that grant proposals request funding for research or evidence-based projects by outlining specific aims, background, significance, methodology, budget, and personnel. Successful grant writers are passionate, meticulous planners who can persuade reviewers of a project's importance and address potential barriers. The most important initial question is whether a project meets the funding organization's application criteria. Proposals need compelling abstracts that explain why a project deserves funding and clearly written background and methodology sections. Common weaknesses that can lead to rejection are a lack of significance or novel ideas and inadequate description of study design.
The document discusses ethical considerations for evidence implementation and generation in healthcare. It outlines key ethical principles like beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy and justice. These principles form the foundation for core dimensions of healthcare quality according to the Institute of Medicine. The document also differentiates between clinical research, quality improvement initiatives, and evidence-based practice. It notes some controversies around applying different ethical standards to research versus quality improvement. Overall, the document provides an overview of how ethical principles guide evidence-based healthcare practices and quality improvement efforts.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...