The document provides an overview of global and detailed routing in VLSI design. It discusses how global routing determines routing regions and channels while minimizing congestion and meeting timing constraints. Detailed routing then determines the exact routes and layers for each net within the given channels. Different routing algorithms are categorized, including graph search, hierarchical, and maze routing approaches. Concepts like grids, edge capacities, and Steiner trees are also summarized.
Routing in Integrated circuits is an important task which requires extreme care while placing the modules and circuits and connecting them with each other.
A VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) system integrates millions of “electronic components” in a small area (few mm2 few cm2).
design “efficient” VLSI systems that has:
Circuit Speed ( high )
Power consumption ( low )
Design Area ( low )
This presentation discusses the basics of Pass Transistor Logic, its advantages, limitation and finally implementation of Boolean functions/Combinational Logic circuits using Pass Transistor Logic.
Routing in Integrated circuits is an important task which requires extreme care while placing the modules and circuits and connecting them with each other.
A VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) system integrates millions of “electronic components” in a small area (few mm2 few cm2).
design “efficient” VLSI systems that has:
Circuit Speed ( high )
Power consumption ( low )
Design Area ( low )
This presentation discusses the basics of Pass Transistor Logic, its advantages, limitation and finally implementation of Boolean functions/Combinational Logic circuits using Pass Transistor Logic.
I have prepared it to create an understanding of delay modeling in VLSI.
Regards,
Vishal Sharma
Doctoral Research Scholar,
IIT Indore
vishalfzd@gmail.com
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER using MOSFET, Modes of operation,
The MOS differential pair with a common-mode input voltage ,Common mode rejection,gain, advantages and disadvantages.
In MOS, source-drain regions of adjacent MOS transistors together with interconnection metal lines may constitute parasitic MOS transistors unless they are isolated from each other. Hence, each MOSFET must be electrically isolated from each other. Device Isolation Techniques in VLSI microfabrication of MOS are discussed.
Very Large Scale Integration is the technology used now a day everywhere. Diploma as well as degree students can refer this
(For Downloads, send me mail
agarwal.avanish@yahoo.com)
Low Power VLSI design architecture for EDA (Electronic Design Automation) and Modern Power Estimation, Reduction and Fixing technologies including clock gating and power gating
Fusion Compiler is the next-generation RTL-to-GDSII implementation system architected to address the complexities of advanced node designs and deliver up to 20% improved PPA while reducing Time To Results (TTR) by 2X.
I have prepared it to create an understanding of delay modeling in VLSI.
Regards,
Vishal Sharma
Doctoral Research Scholar,
IIT Indore
vishalfzd@gmail.com
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER using MOSFET, Modes of operation,
The MOS differential pair with a common-mode input voltage ,Common mode rejection,gain, advantages and disadvantages.
In MOS, source-drain regions of adjacent MOS transistors together with interconnection metal lines may constitute parasitic MOS transistors unless they are isolated from each other. Hence, each MOSFET must be electrically isolated from each other. Device Isolation Techniques in VLSI microfabrication of MOS are discussed.
Very Large Scale Integration is the technology used now a day everywhere. Diploma as well as degree students can refer this
(For Downloads, send me mail
agarwal.avanish@yahoo.com)
Low Power VLSI design architecture for EDA (Electronic Design Automation) and Modern Power Estimation, Reduction and Fixing technologies including clock gating and power gating
Fusion Compiler is the next-generation RTL-to-GDSII implementation system architected to address the complexities of advanced node designs and deliver up to 20% improved PPA while reducing Time To Results (TTR) by 2X.
The Power of Massive Informal Learning EnvironmentsDonny Tusler
The theoretical categorizing of digital learning environments with a example of the grand theories applied to a case study of the spread of misconceptions.
This paper presents an overview of the phonology and sociolinguistic situation of Kanauji as it is spoken in Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Kanauji is spoken by more than six million people across seven districts, i.e., Auraiya, Etawah, Farrukhabad, Hardoi, Kanpur, Mainpuri, Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur, of Uttar Pradesh, India in various forms. It falls within EDGIS 6b (see Ethnologue 2013) and therefore deserves immediate reinvigoration policies. Among these verities, Kanauji of Kanpur presents very interesting case in various linguistic levels due to heavy confluence of other languages/dialects such as Standard Hindi, English, Awadhi, Braj, Bhojpuri, etc. (Chaturvedi 2015).
Till date no extensive work on Kanauji has been reported after Linguistic survey of India (1894-1928) conducted by George A. Grierson. However, some scholars while working on different languages and across different disciplines have used examples from Kanauji as supplementary materials (see Trivedi 1993, 2005; Mishra and Bali 2010, 2011).
Apart from throwing insights into the current sociolinguistic situation, this work describes basic phonemic inventory, consonants clusters, diphthongs, syllable structure and some phonological processes such as epenthesis, deletion and reduplication in Kanauji.
The study is a result of twenty days of fieldwork in some rural and urban areas of Kanpur Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh and subsequent preparation of a small speech database of Kanauji. This database (speech and text) consists of basic word lists, basic sentences, free discourse, stories, folktales, interviews, etc. elicited by a range of native speakers (both male and female) belonging to diverse age groups, educational backgrounds and professions.
Although the paper specifically focuses on Kanauji spoken in Kanpur, it is assumed that it also represents other forms of Kanauji till some extent. Wherever it is required, suitable examples from Standard Hindi and other Indian languages are given to make the paper more explanatory and more descriptive in nature.
Prepared as a conference tutorial, MIC-Electrical, Athens, Greece, 5th April 2014, updated and delivered again in Beijing, China, 27 January 2015 to students from Complex Systems Group, CSRC and Dept. of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A natural extension of the Random Access Machine (RAM) serial architecture is the Parallel Random Access Machine, or PRAM.
PRAMs consist of p processors and a global memory of unbounded size that is uniformly accessible to all processors.
Processors share a common clock but may execute different instructions in each cycle.
Data Communications and Optical Network - ForouzanPradnya Saval
Defining Data Communication needs, Transmission Hierarchy
Optical Networks: SONET/SDH standard, Architecture, Format, Hardware, Configuration, advantages
OTP, Phishing, QR code, Shares, Visual Cryptography.IJERA Editor
Minimum spanning tree can be obtained for connected weighted edges with no negative weight using classical algorithms such as Boruvka’s, Prim’s and Kruskal. This paper presents a survey on the classical and the more recent algorithms with different techniques. This survey paper also contains comparisons of MST algorithm and their advantages and disadvantages.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
15. • A cycle in the
VCG an
unroutable
placement
unless a net
can be routed
on more than 1
track
• Otherwise,
depth of VCG is
lower bound on
channel density
23. w/ the added flexibility
that the new net e’s
s(e’) can be =
watermark if current
net e and e’ belong to
the same net
Editor's Notes
Top layers have more spacing between wires
Top layers higher aspect ratio (like walls)
The weight on the edges in the middle graph indicate edge cost, not capacity.
The right graph is called “channel intersection” graph. It is more popular than the other two.