Diane Gray, President and CEO, CentrePort Canada, Inc., spoke during the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee's round table on sustainable transportation on July 10, 2013. More info. at http://cec.org/council2013
Routes to Clean Air 2016, Prof. Stephen Holgate, University of SouthamptonIES / IAQM
Talk Title: Every breath we take: the lifelong impact of air pollution
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Sustainable Transportation in MelbourneESD UNU-IAS
Sustainable Transportation in Melbourne
Presented by Mr. Joseph Strzempka, Mr. Esteban Velez Vega, and Ms. Hao Yin
2018 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
12-16 November, 2018
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Tim ChattertonIES / IAQM
Talk title: Putting people at the heart of Air Quality Management
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Diane Gray, President and CEO, CentrePort Canada, Inc., spoke during the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee's round table on sustainable transportation on July 10, 2013. More info. at http://cec.org/council2013
Routes to Clean Air 2016, Prof. Stephen Holgate, University of SouthamptonIES / IAQM
Talk Title: Every breath we take: the lifelong impact of air pollution
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Sustainable Transportation in MelbourneESD UNU-IAS
Sustainable Transportation in Melbourne
Presented by Mr. Joseph Strzempka, Mr. Esteban Velez Vega, and Ms. Hao Yin
2018 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
12-16 November, 2018
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Tim ChattertonIES / IAQM
Talk title: Putting people at the heart of Air Quality Management
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 Prof. Jim LonghurstIES / IAQM
Talk title: What has been achieved in the first 60 years since the first clean air act.
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Keynote presentation given by Gyda Grendstad of the Norwegian Public Road Administration at the 2010 CABE Urban Design Summer School in Birmingham, UK.
SCALA has a long history of ensuring that our operations are carried out with sustainability and environmental factors in mind. We have worked for numerous companies where aspects such as carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions were taken into account in order to ensure environmental sustainability within the project, as well adhering to global protocols such as the Paris agreement.
Air Pollution and Climate Change Investment Bondseric keogh
Green in The City - Green Bonds for Clean Air and Climate Change
Overview Transport is the number-one source of air pollution in cities, causing serious problems to human health, the economy, climate and the environment. Current approaches to reducing transport emissions have not led to the desired results, leaving city regulators with challenges of protecting the health and wellbeing of their residents. The Air Quality & Transport (AQT) Green Bond provides public authorities and investors with exciting opportunities to capitalize on clean transport projects that monitor, manage and reduce emissions. Returns on investment are maximized through economic benefits of improved public health and economic productivity, climate change mitigation and reduced public expenditure on transport-related externalities. The AQT Bond is particularly suitable for cities wanting to take global leadership on air quality management and climate change mitigation, providing win-win-win solutions that benefits people, the economy, climate and the environment.
Environmental fiscal reform and the proposed carbon tax Tristan Wiggill
A presentation by Mr Cecil Morden (Chief Director: Economic Tax Analysis: National Treasury), at the Transport Forum SIG: "Sustainable Transport" on 6 August 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg's Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (Africa), or ITLS (Africa). The theme of the presentation was: "Environmental Fiscal Reform and the proposed Carbon Tax".
Car free cities bmdc meeting 9th september 2016 haneenHaneen Khreis
Background: Many cities across the world are beginning to shift their mobility solution away from the private cars and towards more environmentally friendly and citizen-focused means. Hamburg, Oslo, Helsinki, and Madrid have recently announced their plans to become (partly) private car free cities. Other cities like Paris, Milan, Chengdu, Masdar, Dublin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Bogota, and Hyderabad have measures that aim at reducing motorized traffic including implementing car free days, investing in cycling infrastructure and pedestrianization, restricting parking spaces and considerable increases in public transport provision. Such plans and measures are particularly implemented with the declared aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These reductions are also likely to benefit public health.
transportation air pollution "Power point" تلوث الهواء الناتج عن وسائل النقلkhalifa habara
Transportation air pollution
Sources of Transportation air pollution.
Measurements.
Air Pollution Affect on human being.
Methods of control and prevention of air pollution
تلوث الهواء الناتج عن وسائل النقل
اسبابه واثاره السبية على حياة الانسان وطرق معالجته وقياسه
Nicolae Duduta, Associate Transport Planner with EMBARQ, shares information on how biking, walking, and mass transport can reduce traffic accidents and save lives. For more information, view the EMBARQ issue brief on the topic, <a>"Saving Lives with Sustainable Transport"</a>.
The effect of S in diesel fuel on PM2.5 in medellínEnrique Posada
This presentation was given in Athens during the Air Pollution Conference in 2012. It deals with research made during the Sulfur change in the diesel fuel used in the Aburra Valley in Colombia
Routes to Clean Air 2016 Prof. Jim LonghurstIES / IAQM
Talk title: What has been achieved in the first 60 years since the first clean air act.
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Keynote presentation given by Gyda Grendstad of the Norwegian Public Road Administration at the 2010 CABE Urban Design Summer School in Birmingham, UK.
SCALA has a long history of ensuring that our operations are carried out with sustainability and environmental factors in mind. We have worked for numerous companies where aspects such as carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions were taken into account in order to ensure environmental sustainability within the project, as well adhering to global protocols such as the Paris agreement.
Air Pollution and Climate Change Investment Bondseric keogh
Green in The City - Green Bonds for Clean Air and Climate Change
Overview Transport is the number-one source of air pollution in cities, causing serious problems to human health, the economy, climate and the environment. Current approaches to reducing transport emissions have not led to the desired results, leaving city regulators with challenges of protecting the health and wellbeing of their residents. The Air Quality & Transport (AQT) Green Bond provides public authorities and investors with exciting opportunities to capitalize on clean transport projects that monitor, manage and reduce emissions. Returns on investment are maximized through economic benefits of improved public health and economic productivity, climate change mitigation and reduced public expenditure on transport-related externalities. The AQT Bond is particularly suitable for cities wanting to take global leadership on air quality management and climate change mitigation, providing win-win-win solutions that benefits people, the economy, climate and the environment.
Environmental fiscal reform and the proposed carbon tax Tristan Wiggill
A presentation by Mr Cecil Morden (Chief Director: Economic Tax Analysis: National Treasury), at the Transport Forum SIG: "Sustainable Transport" on 6 August 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg's Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (Africa), or ITLS (Africa). The theme of the presentation was: "Environmental Fiscal Reform and the proposed Carbon Tax".
Car free cities bmdc meeting 9th september 2016 haneenHaneen Khreis
Background: Many cities across the world are beginning to shift their mobility solution away from the private cars and towards more environmentally friendly and citizen-focused means. Hamburg, Oslo, Helsinki, and Madrid have recently announced their plans to become (partly) private car free cities. Other cities like Paris, Milan, Chengdu, Masdar, Dublin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Bogota, and Hyderabad have measures that aim at reducing motorized traffic including implementing car free days, investing in cycling infrastructure and pedestrianization, restricting parking spaces and considerable increases in public transport provision. Such plans and measures are particularly implemented with the declared aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These reductions are also likely to benefit public health.
transportation air pollution "Power point" تلوث الهواء الناتج عن وسائل النقلkhalifa habara
Transportation air pollution
Sources of Transportation air pollution.
Measurements.
Air Pollution Affect on human being.
Methods of control and prevention of air pollution
تلوث الهواء الناتج عن وسائل النقل
اسبابه واثاره السبية على حياة الانسان وطرق معالجته وقياسه
Nicolae Duduta, Associate Transport Planner with EMBARQ, shares information on how biking, walking, and mass transport can reduce traffic accidents and save lives. For more information, view the EMBARQ issue brief on the topic, <a>"Saving Lives with Sustainable Transport"</a>.
The effect of S in diesel fuel on PM2.5 in medellínEnrique Posada
This presentation was given in Athens during the Air Pollution Conference in 2012. It deals with research made during the Sulfur change in the diesel fuel used in the Aburra Valley in Colombia
Air quality in France: Trends, projections and key measures for improvement -...IES / IAQM
Air quality limit values are still exceeded in France and WHO guide values far from being reached. Nadine Allemand will present recent development in policies and measures to combat air pollution and improve air quality in France. A focus will be given on the different levels of actions from the international to the local level and integration of air pollution issues in public decisions. Links with climate change attenuation measures will be also highlighted.
Transport Day 2014 took place on 7 December 2014, alongside the twentieth session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC COP 20), in Lima, Peru. Approximately 200 participants convened at the Sheraton Lima Hotel and Convention Center to focus on the theme “Transport Tackles Climate Change.” This was the second Transport Day event jointly organized by the SLoCaT Partnership and the Bridging the Gap initiative.
High-level Meeting on Sustainable Transport - United Nations General Assembly...Christina Parmionova
Sustainable transport is crucial to address the special needs of countries in special situations by establishing and promoting efficient transport systems that particularly link least developed countries (LDCs), landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS) more efficiently to international markets and global supply chains. Sustainable transport systems are also critical to empower vulnerable people, including by providing rural communities with access to major roads, rail lines and public and non-motorized transport options that enable access to economic and social activities. At the same time, accessible, affordable and sustainable transport services are still lacking in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, constraining mobility and
connectivity to regional and global transport networks. Over 1 billion people still lack access to an all-weather road and adequate transport services. Even where transport
infrastructure and systems are present, they may not provide safe, affordable, and
convenient access for all, particularly for groups in vulnerable situations such as the women, children and youth, older persons, and persons with disabilities, with the poor
often spending one fifth of their income on public transport. Deaths and injuries from
road traffic accidents continue to rise, road traffic crashes kill approximately 1.3 million
people worldwide annually, with disproportionate burden falling on the healthcare
systems and economies in developing countries. Existing transport networks can also face challenges, such as congestion, poor maintenance, and lack of resilience to disasters, extreme weather events and climate
change. It was estimated that additional spending for roads is likely to amount to 2% of
GDP in low-income developing countries to meet the SDG objectives, which do not
include other components of sustainable transport, such as railways, ports, and mass
transit. There is a need to develop and enhance multimodal transport systems that fully utilize and integrate public transport systems, rail, maritime, inland shipping, ferry, and air transport, as well as non-motorized transport such as cycling and walking. Passenger and freight transport, with different stakeholders, require differentiated policy solutions and investment models. As maritime transport accounts for over 80%, by volume, of all global freight, it is
essential to support countries with the lowest shipping connectivity. These countries often face a vicious cycle, of low trade volumes that discourage investments in transport
connectivity, and low connectivity that makes trade even more costly and uncompetitive.
By Cornie Huizenga, Joint Convener, SLoCaT Partnership. Presented at Latin American Carbon Forum, October 13-15, 2010. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
SOOT-FREE URBAN BUS FLEETS IN IN AFRICA – OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGESICLEI
SOOT-FREE URBAN BUS FLEETS IN IN AFRICA – OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
5 October 2015
Achieving Clean Bus Fleets: International Seminar
Ecomobility Festival, Johannesburg
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
1. Carly Koinange
Share the Road Global Programme Lead
Division of Technology, Industry and
Economics
United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP)
A REGIONAL OVERVIEW –
CLEANER FUELS & VEHICLES
1
5. 5
What is the ASTF?
• A forum with political level ownership
• Supported by World Bank, UNEP & UN-Habitat
• Members are Government (Ministries of
Transport & Environment) and other
stakeholders.
• All working together towards the Africa
Sustainable Transport Forum goal
6. 6
To integrate sustainable
transport into the
region’s development
and planning processes,
and increase the
amount of funding
going to sustainable
transport programs in
Africa.
Improved access
to transport,
reduced air
pollution and
climate
emissions, and
improved road
safety and health.
7. 7
The ASTF 1st Ministerial and Experts Conference
• Opened by UN Secretary
General Mr. Ban Ki-
moon and His
Excellency Uhuru
Kenyatta, President of
Kenya
• Over 250 participants
• 43 African Countries
Represented
• 19 Ministers from
Environment and
Transport Ministries
8. 8
The ASTF 1st Ministerial and Experts Conference
• Produced an ASTF
Action Framework
• Represents the
priority areas for
action.
• Agreed by experts
and Ministers in
attendance.
9. 9
The ASTF Action Framework
Road Safety
Vehicle Emissions and Energy Efficiency
Accessibility and Sustainable Infrastructure
Supporting activities (enabling conditions)
10. Road safety Implement the African Action Plan for the Decade of Action for Road
Safety 2011 – 2020
Set up dedicated institutions for road safety and allocate funding 2017
Insure comprehensive data collection and reporting mechanisms on
road safety incidents and trends
2015
Develop and adopt a Non-Motorised Transport Policy 2015
Develop and adopt Non-Motorised Transport Design Guidelines 2015
Vehicle Emissions
and Energy
Efficiency
Ensure air quality monitoring takes place in all main cities 2017
Develop vehicle emission standards and suitable inspection and
testing
2016
Develop vehicle import regulations at both regional and national
levels, based on either vehicle age, mileage or emissions
2016
Develop regulations for the adoption of cleaner fuels - especially low
sulphur fuels - at a national level
2017
Undertake a country level fuel economy analysis and develop a
national level policy to improve fuel economy
2017
Accessibility and
sustainable
infrastructure
Develop a national policy on sustainable urban transport 2017
Develop integrated transport plans with a specific focus on multi-
modal transport
2018
Undertake an assessment and develop a national policy on mass-
transit systems
2017
10
11. Supporting Activities
Data Generation and Monitoring
Request the ASTF Secretariat to collect information to create
baselines, monitor progress (including on Priority Action Areas) and
share best practices in areas such as road fatalities and injuries, air
quality, health impacts of poor air quality, non-motorised transport
infrastructure, road infrastructure etc.
Financing
Allocate funding to transport and institutional support
Capacity Building
Continually share good and bad experiences, lessons learned and
best practices
Advocacy and Championing
Continually undertake advocacy and awareness raising
Institutional Arrangements
11
13. 13
Contact us about the work you are doing,
challenges, etc.
Use the ASTF website as a resource – review
progress for your country.
Join the coalition of partners
16. 16
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at
all ages
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from
hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable
and modern energy
for all
7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy
services
7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global
energy mix
7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
17. 17
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient
and sustainable
11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and
sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by
expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those
in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and
older persons
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of
cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal
and other waste management
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change
and its impacts
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards
and
natural disasters in all countries
20. “Particulate matter
affects more people
than any other
pollutant” – WHO
2011
Sufficient evidence that
exposure to Diesel engine
exhaust is associated with
an increased risk for lung
cancer, International
Agency for Research on
Cancer June 2012:
Same
magnitude as
second-hand
smoke
21. = 20ug/m3 WHO PM10 Annual Air Quality Guideline
WHO, 2012
Annual average PM levels of major cities are
well above WHO Guideline
27. Cost/Benefits Analysis of
Clean Bus Technologies
Study by ICCT on cost benefit of
clean bus technologies in
Nairobi, Kampala and Addis
Ababa indicate substantive
benefits in introducing soot free
buses ------- overall benefits in
the range of $42 to $51 million
per year in 2035 in terms of city-
wide pollutant emissions, fuel
consumption, health impacts,
and time saved
30. + Improve
• Fuel quality: 50 ppm or less
sulfur in petrol and diesel
• Vehicle emission standards:
Euro 4-6/IV – VI
• Transport black carbon, PM2.5
reductions
• Doubling Auto Fuel Economy
by 2050: “50by50”
31. CCAC Heavy Duty Diesel Initiative
“…substantial reductions of fine particulate matter and black carbon
emissions from heavy duty diesel vehicles…through adoption of clean fuel and
vehicle regulations and supporting policies.”
• Low sulfur fuels and HDV standards to match fuels worldwide
• Marine vessels (coast, in-land and Arctic)
• Clean Ports
• Green Freight
• Cities: Soot-Free Urban Buses
32. BETTER COMBUSTION
CLEANER FUEL
TAILPIPE EMISSION CONTROLS
SOLVING THE DIESEL POLLUTION PROBLEM
REQUIRES A SYSTEMS APPROACH
32
Fuels & vehicles: a systems approach
32
NOx, PM, HC,
SO2, CO2
NOx, PM,
HC, SO2, CO2
Fuel quality: 50 ppm or below sulfur in fuels
Vehicle emission standards: Euro 4/IV and above
Cleaner fuels open the door to technology, technology in turn drives fuel quality. The
types of fuels used will affect the types of technology you can use effectively; and the
types of technology will drive fuel quality – and ALL determine emission of NOx, PM,
HC, SO2, AND CO2.
34. 2006 Global Map for Diesel Fuel Sulfur Levels
The vast majority of countries were averaging
between 500 – 2000 ppm in 2006 with a few
hot spots up to 10,000 ppm in Africa and the
Middle East.
35. 35
JUNE 2015 Global Diesel Fuel Sulfur Levels
Worldwide there has been significant progress on cleaner
low sulfur fuels. Today the global average is between 50-
500 ppm, with India at 350 and China at 50 ppm (10ppm
in 2017). Most countries have plans for 50 ppm or below.
36. Progress in Lowering Sulphur in
Diesel in Africa
2015
• In Africa, East Africa, Western and Southern are leading the way.
• East Africa completed its desulfurization from January 2015
• West and Southern Africa are planning between 2017 – 2020.
• The increased availability of cleaner low sulfur fuels should be complemented by vehicle
emission standards, including the best available bus technology for cities.
37. • Vehicle emission standards for light duty vehicles which mirrors that of heavy
duty vehicles (HDVs)
• Africa lags behind in implementing vehicle emission standards despite the
progress made in introducing cleaner fuels
• Only 2 countries have emission standards (Nigeria and South Africa at Euro II).
Algeria and Egypt have also indicated that they do have standards.
• Most countries have an import age restriction – eg 8 year in Kenya
• To capitalize on the benefits in terms of air quality and BLACK CARBON
emissions, vehicle standards must support advanced emission controls,
including filters and catalysts.
39. 39
Sustainable transport
“To ensure access to work, education,
goods and services, friends and family
without compromising the social and
ecological environment,including the
protection of the planet’s climate
Requires holistic & integrated outlook
40. THE REALITY
Low motorization but
high rates of
congestion in cities
Lack of formalized
public transport
services in most cities
Informal public
transport services
operated to maximize
profits, not service
clients
41. THE REALITY
Highest traffic fatality
rates in the world,
particularly for vulnerable
users (Africa has 2% of
the worlds vehicles & 16%
of the fatalities)
Lack of walking and
cycling infrastructure
High rates of particulate
pollution in cities across
the continent
42. Road safety Implement the African Action Plan for the Decade of Action for Road
Safety 2011 – 2020
Set up dedicated institutions for road safety and allocate funding 2017
Insure comprehensive data collection and reporting mechanisms on
road safety incidents and trends
2015
Develop and adopt a Non-Motorised Transport Policy 2015
Develop and adopt Non-Motorised Transport Design Guidelines 2015
Vehicle Emissions
and Energy
Efficiency
Ensure air quality monitoring takes place in all main cities 2017
Develop vehicle emission standards and suitable inspection and
testing
2016
Develop vehicle import regulations at both regional and national
levels, based on either vehicle age, mileage or emissions
2016
Develop regulations for the adoption of cleaner fuels - especially low
sulphur fuels - at a national level
2017
Undertake a country level fuel economy analysis and develop a
national level policy to improve fuel economy
2017
Accessibility and
sustainable
infrastructure
Develop a national policy on sustainable urban transport 2017
Develop integrated transport plans with a specific focus on multi-
modal transport
2018
Undertake an assessment and develop a national policy on mass-
transit systems
2017
42
43. NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORT
REALITY
In many African cities majority of
people walk and cycle.
Poor quality or non existing space
to walk or cycle.
Cramped and unsafe.
Can not afford public transport.
Risk their life accessing basic
services.
Inhaling toxic pollution.
Looked down on by others.
46. Investments in
NMT
Infrastructure
Accessibility
Environment Safety
Increases and improves
affordable access to vital
services and other transport
modes through integrated
networks
Improves safety for all
users by protecting
vulnerable users through
proper facilities
Reduces/prevents
congestion and
emissions of air
pollutants and GHGs
through increased
modal share of NMT
50. Average USD capital cost of
investment per mile
BRT: $13.5 million
LRT: $34.8 million
Bike Lane: $133 thousand
Bike Path: $239 thousand
Sidewalk: $184 thousand
51. Integration with Public
Transport
• Need to link public
transport to NMT
• Journey starts and
ends at customers
home
• People will not
walk to a station if
they NMT
infrastructure is
poor
52. 52
• 50 ppm and below fuels (diesel fuels)
• Cleaner buses (emission control
technologies)
• Efficient Public Transport
• Inspection & Maintenance programs
• Investment in Non Motorized Transport
UNEP Recommendations