Soot free urban bus fleets in lagos - opportunities and challenges

1. Soot-Free Urban Bus Fleets in
Lagos – Opportunities and
Challenges
PRESENTATION BY
OLUKAYODE TAIWO
LAGOS METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSPORT AUTHORITY @ ACHIEVING CLEAN BUSES FLEET: INTERNATIONAL
SEMINAR
ECOMOBILITY SEMINAR, JOHANNESBURG
OCTOBER 5 2015

2. • Lagos is the most populous city in Africa –
over 20 million inhabitants
• Bigger in population than 23 countries in
Africa – Benin Rep., Mali, Botswana etc.
• Hub of nation’s economic, commercial and
industrial activities.
• Contributes 20% of Nigeria’s GDP
• Larger economy than Ivory coast, Ghana,
Madagascar etc.
• 45% of nation’s skilled manpower reside in the
city.

3. Chronic
traffic
congestion
Uneven urban
growth and
development
Inadequate
transport
infrastructure
Inadequate
regulatory public
transport
framework Limited
alternatives to
vehicular
transportation
Lack of sufficient
high capacity
vehicles for
public transport
Contributes to Air &
Noise pollution in
Lagos

4. Lagos, Nigeria
 Demand for trips in Lagos Metropolitan Area by all modes (including
walking) was ~22million per day.
 Walk trips accounted for 40% of total trips in Metropolitan Lagos.
 About 97% of all transit in Lagos are done by road.
4
Observed travel demand patterns
Danfo
(Minibus)
72%
Car 19%
Regulated
bus 2%
BRT 2%
Motorcycle
2%
Water 2%
Rail 1%
Passengers
Carried
Source: LAMATA Strategic Transport
Danfo
(Minibus)
24%
Car 57%
Regulated
bus 2%
BRT 1%
Motorcycle
16%
Road Space
Usage

5. Roads
99.8%
Others
0.2%
22%
45%
8%
13%
12%
Total CO2 emissions
from fuel combustion by sectors
Electricity and heat production
Transport
Manufacturing & Construction
Other sectors
Other energy industry own use
Nigeria
Source: IEA
Environmental Impact
 In 2011, Nigeria had the fourth highest CO2 emission from fuel
combustion in Africa after South Africa, Egypt and Algeria
respectively.
 The transport sector, with a 45% share, was the largest contributor to
a nationwide CO2 emission from fuel combustion of 52.8 million
tonnes that year.
5

6.  The Lagos Air Quality
Monitoring Study (2007-2009)
revealed that vehicles
contribute approximately 43%
to the total level of air pollution
in Lagos.
 Over a quarter of the transport
sector contribution to CO2
emissions in Nigeria comes from
Lagos alone.
 The emission factors for many
Nigerian vehicles are close to
the Euro 2 Standards, which is 3
to 4 times greater than
European values.
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Lagos
Environmental Impact

7. Environmental Impact
 Below is a breakdown of emissions per vehicle category:
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Daily Average CO2 Emissions in Lagos
*HD – Heavy Duty; MD – Medium Duty; LD – Light Duty; PC – Passenger Car; P&D – Petrol and Diesel*
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Motorcycle
PC Petrol
PC P&D
PC Diesel
Taxi
Danfo (Minibus)
Coaster Bus
BRT Bus
LD Truck
MD Truck
HD Truck
CO2 (g/km)
Daily Average CO2 Emissions for each Vehicle Category
Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions
Handbook

8. Environmental Impact
 However, in actual terms, the emission per passenger is lower for
vehicles with high occupancy rates (e.g – Buses)
8
Daily Average CO2 Emissions in Lagos
*HD – Heavy Duty; MD – Medium Duty; LD – Light Duty; PC – Passenger Car; P&D – Petrol and Diesel*
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00
Motorcycle
PC Petrol
PC P&D
PC Diesel
Taxi
Danfo (Minibus)
Coaster Bus
Rail
BRT Bus
LD Truck
MD Truck
HD Truck
CO2 (g/km)
Daily Average CO2 Emissions per Passenger by Vehicle Category
(Passenger Carbon footprint)
Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions

9. CO2 Emissions in Lagos
Environmental Impact
 By the year 2032, CO2 emissions by the transport sector in Lagos are
estimated to exceed 15 Million tonnes per annum if measures are not
put in place to curtail it.
9 Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions
0
3
5
8
10
0
5
10
15
20
2008 2012 2032 BAU
Emissions,MillionTonnes
Passenger,Millions
Without Implementing Strategic Transport Master Plan
(STMP)
Auto Passenger Transit Passenger
Auto CO2 Emissions Transit CO2 Emissions

10. The Big Moves in Lagos towards a
Sustainable Urban Transport System
 Develop a fully integrated mass rapid transit system to cover activity
centers identified Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP) of the mega
city region
 Six Rail Lines ─ One Monorail Line
 16 BRT Routes ─ Over 20 water routes
 Key road projects
 Introduce a common ticketing system to aid integration of public
transport modes.
 Develop the waterways transport network to integrate with Rail and BRT.
 Develop a ring road around Metropolitan Lagos to take pressure away
from the mainland.
 Use of ITS technology to optimize the transport network.
10

11. CO2 Emissions in Lagos
0
3
5
8
10
0
5
10
15
20
2008 2012 2032 BAU
Emissions,MillionTonnes
Passenger,Millions
Without Strategic Transport Master
Plan (STMP)
Auto Passenger Transit Passenger
Auto CO2 Emissions Transit CO2 Emissions
11
0
3
5
8
10
0
5
10
15
20
2008 2012 2032 STMP
Emissions,MillionTonnes
Passenger,Millions
With Strategic Transport Master Plan
(STMP)
Auto Passenger Transit Passenger
Auto CO2 Emissions Transit CO2 Emissions
• Execution of projects within the STMP will result in an emission level
less than 8 Million tonnes per annum, which represents over 50%
reduction in emissions from the 2032BAU level.
Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook; *BAU – Business As Usual; *STMP – Strategic Transport
Environmental Impact

12. Financing/Working with
Manufacturers
 Lagos State government commenced discussions
with Nigerian Independent Petroleum Company
(NIPCO) on conversion of some diesel buses to
CNG
 Only about 5000 vehicles use CNG as fuel in
Nigeria since the inception of the project in 2009
 CNG buses is already in use at Benin city, Edo
State of Nigeria
 LAMATA is proposing five CNG buses on its BRT
corridor for test run. Only about 500 vehicles run
on CNG in Lagos
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13. Key barriers and
challenges to date
 Nigeria is a gas-rich country, usage of CNG will
help reduce Governments’ dependence on the
importation of refined products
 However, use of CNG powered buses is still at
infancy in the country
 Lack of political will to support investment in the
use of CNG to power vehicles
 The moderate achievement in this regard is from
few private investors
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14. Key barriers and
challenges to date
 The cost of conversion and availability of gas are
some of the major challenges of this scheme
 Cost of conversion to become CNG compatible
cost between $1000 and $1,500
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15. Next Steps
 It is believed that a policy direction from the
Central government could accelerate use of
CNG to power vehicles in Nigeria.
 Advocacy from UNEP and groups such as this to
create awareness that CNG powered vehicles as
economical, safer, flexible and eco-friendly
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16. Thank You
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