Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features
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The document describes several key features of the ocean floor: 1) The continental shelf is the shallow ocean floor along a continent's coast that slopes gradually downward. 2) The continental slope is the sharp decline where the continental shelf ends. 3) The continental rise is the gentle slope below the continental slope. 4) An abyssal plain is a wide, flat area of the deep ocean floor, sometimes found near the mouths of large rivers.
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How can we describe earth's features
The document describes key features of Earth's surface and interior. It discusses features of the ocean floor including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. It also outlines the major layers that make up Earth's structure, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The biosphere encompasses the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust where living things exist.
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features(2)
The document describes key features of the ocean floor including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. It also discusses how sonar is used to determine ocean floor depth and underwater vehicles used for exploration. Additionally, it outlines the major layers that make up Earth including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The biosphere encompasses the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust where living things exist.
Upload undersea landscapes
This document provides an overview of undersea landscapes and ocean floor geography. It discusses key topics like:
- The three main areas of the ocean floor: continental shelves, continental slopes, and the deep ocean basin. Continental shelves typically extend 200 meters from shore and have a gradual slope. Continental slopes have a steep drop-off to the deep ocean floor.
- Features of the deep ocean floor like seamounts, guyots, trenches, and ocean ridges. Seamounts are underwater mountains and guyots are flat-topped seamounts. Ocean ridges are long mountain ranges in the middle of ocean basins.
- How sediments like oozes, clays, and muds accumulate on the ocean
Plate Tectonics
Written information are rightfully gathered from the internet. Kindly, use this properly including proper citation. This is a presentation made during our high school days.
#6 Ocean Floor Features
The oceans cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and have an average depth of over 12,000 feet. The deepest point is in the Mariana Trench at over 36,000 feet deep. An underwater mountain range called the mid-ocean ridge stretches over 40,000 miles globally and forms the largest single feature on Earth. The tallest ocean mountain is Mauna Kea in Hawaii, which rises over 33,000 feet from the sea floor.
Lecture6
The document discusses mapping of the ocean floor through bathymetry and the different features found in continental margins and ocean basins. Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises and can be active or passive. Ocean basins contain mid-ocean ridges, abyssal plains, seamounts, and trenches. Important developments included the HMS Challenger expedition, multibeam echo sounders, and satellite altimetry for mapping sea floor topography.
Seafloor features1
The document defines key terms related to the scientific study of oceans including bathymetry, the measurement of ocean depths; submersibles, small underwater crafts used for research; sonar, a mechanism that calculates ocean depth; and seafloor spreading, the process by which plate tectonics produces new oceanic lithosphere at ocean ridges.
Marianas trench
The Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the ocean located between Japan and New Guinea. It was formed by the subduction of the dense Pacific Plate underneath the smaller Mariana Plate. The deepest point is Challenger Deep, which reaches over 11km deep. Expeditions have discovered new species living under immense pressure and soil samples contained ancient microorganisms. The movement of the tectonic plates also causes volcanic activity and has expanded our understanding of the ocean floor.
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How can we describe earth's features
The document describes key features of Earth's surface and interior. It discusses features of the ocean floor including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. It also outlines the major layers that make up Earth's structure, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The biosphere encompasses the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust where living things exist.
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features(2)
The document describes key features of the ocean floor including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. It also discusses how sonar is used to determine ocean floor depth and underwater vehicles used for exploration. Additionally, it outlines the major layers that make up Earth including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The biosphere encompasses the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust where living things exist.
Upload undersea landscapes
This document provides an overview of undersea landscapes and ocean floor geography. It discusses key topics like:
- The three main areas of the ocean floor: continental shelves, continental slopes, and the deep ocean basin. Continental shelves typically extend 200 meters from shore and have a gradual slope. Continental slopes have a steep drop-off to the deep ocean floor.
- Features of the deep ocean floor like seamounts, guyots, trenches, and ocean ridges. Seamounts are underwater mountains and guyots are flat-topped seamounts. Ocean ridges are long mountain ranges in the middle of ocean basins.
- How sediments like oozes, clays, and muds accumulate on the ocean
Plate Tectonics
Written information are rightfully gathered from the internet. Kindly, use this properly including proper citation. This is a presentation made during our high school days.
#6 Ocean Floor Features
The oceans cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and have an average depth of over 12,000 feet. The deepest point is in the Mariana Trench at over 36,000 feet deep. An underwater mountain range called the mid-ocean ridge stretches over 40,000 miles globally and forms the largest single feature on Earth. The tallest ocean mountain is Mauna Kea in Hawaii, which rises over 33,000 feet from the sea floor.
Lecture6
The document discusses mapping of the ocean floor through bathymetry and the different features found in continental margins and ocean basins. Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises and can be active or passive. Ocean basins contain mid-ocean ridges, abyssal plains, seamounts, and trenches. Important developments included the HMS Challenger expedition, multibeam echo sounders, and satellite altimetry for mapping sea floor topography.
Seafloor features1
The document defines key terms related to the scientific study of oceans including bathymetry, the measurement of ocean depths; submersibles, small underwater crafts used for research; sonar, a mechanism that calculates ocean depth; and seafloor spreading, the process by which plate tectonics produces new oceanic lithosphere at ocean ridges.
Marianas trench
The Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the ocean located between Japan and New Guinea. It was formed by the subduction of the dense Pacific Plate underneath the smaller Mariana Plate. The deepest point is Challenger Deep, which reaches over 11km deep. Expeditions have discovered new species living under immense pressure and soil samples contained ancient microorganisms. The movement of the tectonic plates also causes volcanic activity and has expanded our understanding of the ocean floor.
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features (2)
The document describes several key features of Earth's ocean floors including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. The continental shelf is the shallow ocean floor near continents that slopes gradually downward. The continental slope is a steep drop-off where the continental shelf ends, followed by the more gentle continental rise. Other features are the flat abyssal plains, steep submarine canyons near river mouths, deep trenches, underwater sea mounts and mid-ocean ridge mountain ranges that form rift valleys down their centers.
Deep ocean trenches
Deep-sea trenches are long, deep ocean depressions that form at subduction zones where one tectonic plate slides under another. The deepest is the Mariana Trench near Guam, with the Challenger Deep reaching 10,994 meters below sea level. Trenches form as the leading edge of a heavy plate bends downward due to subduction under a lighter plate. This process also creates volcanic island arcs and causes powerful earthquakes. Life in trenches survives under immense pressure, with microbes like foraminifera the only organisms collected so far from the deepest parts.
Ocean Bottom Topography
This presentation provides an overview of ocean topography and the various features of the ocean floor. It describes the continental margin including the continental shelf, slope, and rise. It then explains the abyssal zones and different oceanic divisions like ocean basins, trenches, and seamounts. Key terms are defined such as the Marianas Trench, abyssal plains, and oceanic islands.
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Gayots
Hydrothermal vents
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The document discusses the formation of the Himalayan mountain range. It begins with an overview of plate tectonic theory and the types of plate boundaries. It then explains that the Himalayas were formed by the convergence of the Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate, which caused a continental collision and folding/faulting that resulted in mountain building. Evidence like fossils of sea animals found high in the mountains support the plate tectonic explanation for the Himalayas' origin through the movement and collision of continents over hundreds of millions of years.
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The document summarizes the evolution of the Tethys Ocean and the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. It describes how the Tethys Ocean separated the supercontinent Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana starting 290 million years ago. As Gondwana split apart over the next 100 million years, the Indian plate separated from East Gondwana and moved rapidly northward, closing the Tethys Ocean. The collision of India with Eurasia began between 70-25 million years ago, producing the Himalayan mountain range and significantly changing the Earth's surface geography.
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The document describes several features of the ocean floor including the continental margin, continental shelf, continental slope, submarine canyons, turbidity currents, continental rise, ocean basin floor, abyssal plains, seamounts, mid-ocean ridge, and seafloor spreading. The three main regions of the ocean floor are the continental margins, ocean basin floor, and mid-ocean ridge.
Acoustic imaging of the sea floor
During World War II, the U.S. Navy began mapping the topography of the sea floor using sonar aboard ships. This led to the discovery of undersea volcanoes. Early techniques provided crude images with low resolution, but modern acoustic imaging produces high-resolution 3D stereo images. An example is shown of a submarine canyon off the U.S. east coast, imaged using side-scan sonar to reveal intricate seafloor topography in detail.
Ocean floor
The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor, including the continental shelf, slope, and rise that make up the continental margin. It also describes the abyssal plain, which covers the true ocean floor with sediment, as well as seamounts, guyots, mid-ocean ridges, and deep-ocean trenches. Barrier islands, banks, and guyots are among the geological formations that can be found on the continental shelf and ocean floor.
Origin of himalayas
The document discusses various theories regarding the origin of the Himalayan mountains:
1) The geosynclinal evolution theory proposes that the Himalayas formed from the sedimentary deposits in the Tethys Sea, which separated the Angaraland and Gondwanaland landmasses. Intense folding of these deposits led to the formation of the mountain ranges.
2) Plate tectonics theories view the Himalayas as resulting from the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate, causing crustal shortening and folding.
3) Some scholars argue that vertical movements from gravitational forces were responsible for uplifting the mountains, rather than horizontal plate movements.
The document
Ocean Floor Topography and Features
This document describes key features of the ocean floor topography, including continental shelves, slopes, and margins. It also discusses mid-ocean ridges, trenches, seamounts, and underwater volcanic features such as hydrothermal vents. The speed of sound in water and equations for calculating depth from sonar return times are provided.
Ocean basins
The document summarizes the major ocean basins of the world. It describes the general characteristics of the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans, including their average depths, geological features, and freshwater inputs. It also lists marginal seas surrounding each ocean and provides additional details on the largest/smallest oceans, deepest ocean trenches, saltiest seas, and historical definition of "the seven seas".
Himalayas
The Himalayas were formed by the collision of two continental plates - the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. Approximately 50-55 million years ago, the Indo-Australian plate began moving northward due to plate tectonic forces, colliding with and subducting under the Eurasian plate and causing the land between the plates to fold and uplift, forming the Himalayan mountain range. Evidence like fossils of sea animals found high in the Himalayas and sedimentary rock materials support that the region was once under water. The Himalayas continue rising today as the plates still exert pressure against one another.
The salt range, the kashmir syntaxis and pamir arc by junaidurrehman
The document discusses the geological history and tectonic evolution of the Salt Range, Kashmir Syntaxis, and Pamir Arc in Pakistan and Central Asia. It states that the rocks of the Salt Range were originally part of the Himalayan arc but were rotated counterclockwise 75 degrees to their present position. It also describes how the tight folding of the Pamir Arc against the Tien Shan mountains resulted in material being expelled southward, helping to form the sharp hairpin bend of the Kashmir Syntaxis. Finally, it mentions that Wadia had previously proposed an incorrect concept to explain the syntaxis, rejecting ideas of independent mountain building processes in the region.
Marine Provinces
There are three major ocean provinces: continental margins along coastlines, deep ocean basins farther from land, and mid-ocean ridges which are submarine mountain ranges. Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises. Passive margins are tectonically inactive while active margins experience convergence at trenches. Turbidity currents erode submarine canyons and deposit sediments in fans on continental rises. Abyssal plains with fine sediments are adjacent to rises. Mid-ocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries marked by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents.
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The Earth is made up of four ocean basins - Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic - which cover 71% of the planet. The ocean floor is composed of tectonic plates that are constantly shifting and spreading at mid-ocean ridges. As new crust is formed at ridges, old crust is destroyed through subduction at trenches. This process of sea floor spreading and plate tectonics explains continental drift over millions of years, from the single supercontinent Pangaea to the current configuration of lands and oceans.
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This is first part of PowerPoint presentation on Geological Landforms. The landforms described in the slides are the ones that are most commonly found.
Contents:
1. Features and typical Landforms associated with an ideal fluvial cycle in a humid region.
2. Features found in arid regions
3. River Patterns
4. Drainage Patterns
Part - II of this PowerPoint presentation will be made available soon :)
Tectonic setting of gulf of aqaba
The Gulf of Aqaba is located between the Sinai Peninsula and Arabian Peninsula. It was formed by the breakup of the Arabian-African plate during the Cenozoic era, creating the Gulf of Aqaba-Dead Sea Rift zone. Around 105 km of lateral displacement occurred along this fault zone in two stages over the past 5 million years, shaping the present Gulf of Aqaba basin. The Gulf is still seismically active today due to ongoing strike-slip movement along the rift. The largest recorded earthquake in the region was a magnitude 7.3 strike-slip event in 1995 located within the Gulf.
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features(2)
The document describes several key features of Earth's surface and interior. It outlines features of the ocean floor including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. It also describes spheres that surround Earth including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The layers that make up Earth's interior are described as the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core.
Oceans
The document discusses different aspects of oceanography and ocean floor topography. It can be summarized as follows:
1) The ocean floor is divided into three primary provinces - continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and mid-ocean ridges.
2) Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises. Shelves are shallow areas near land where sediment accumulates. Slopes are steep transitions to deeper waters, and rises are flat sediment piles at the base of slopes.
3) Bathymetry uses sound waves to map ocean floor topography in high resolution, revealing features like submarine canyons cutting into continental slopes.
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Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features (2)
The document describes several key features of Earth's ocean floors including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. The continental shelf is the shallow ocean floor near continents that slopes gradually downward. The continental slope is a steep drop-off where the continental shelf ends, followed by the more gentle continental rise. Other features are the flat abyssal plains, steep submarine canyons near river mouths, deep trenches, underwater sea mounts and mid-ocean ridge mountain ranges that form rift valleys down their centers.
Deep ocean trenches
Deep-sea trenches are long, deep ocean depressions that form at subduction zones where one tectonic plate slides under another. The deepest is the Mariana Trench near Guam, with the Challenger Deep reaching 10,994 meters below sea level. Trenches form as the leading edge of a heavy plate bends downward due to subduction under a lighter plate. This process also creates volcanic island arcs and causes powerful earthquakes. Life in trenches survives under immense pressure, with microbes like foraminifera the only organisms collected so far from the deepest parts.
Ocean Bottom Topography
This presentation provides an overview of ocean topography and the various features of the ocean floor. It describes the continental margin including the continental shelf, slope, and rise. It then explains the abyssal zones and different oceanic divisions like ocean basins, trenches, and seamounts. Key terms are defined such as the Marianas Trench, abyssal plains, and oceanic islands.
Ocean floor-topography
Ocean floor-topography.
Topograpgy
Continental margins and its types
Abyssal plain
Abyssal hills
Canyons
Trenches
Seamounts
Gayots
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etc
Himalayas
The document discusses the formation of the Himalayan mountain range. It begins with an overview of plate tectonic theory and the types of plate boundaries. It then explains that the Himalayas were formed by the convergence of the Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate, which caused a continental collision and folding/faulting that resulted in mountain building. Evidence like fossils of sea animals found high in the mountains support the plate tectonic explanation for the Himalayas' origin through the movement and collision of continents over hundreds of millions of years.
Lithospere
Created by María Jesús Campos, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid
Evolution of tethys
The document summarizes the evolution of the Tethys Ocean and the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. It describes how the Tethys Ocean separated the supercontinent Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana starting 290 million years ago. As Gondwana split apart over the next 100 million years, the Indian plate separated from East Gondwana and moved rapidly northward, closing the Tethys Ocean. The collision of India with Eurasia began between 70-25 million years ago, producing the Himalayan mountain range and significantly changing the Earth's surface geography.
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The document describes several features of the ocean floor including the continental margin, continental shelf, continental slope, submarine canyons, turbidity currents, continental rise, ocean basin floor, abyssal plains, seamounts, mid-ocean ridge, and seafloor spreading. The three main regions of the ocean floor are the continental margins, ocean basin floor, and mid-ocean ridge.
Acoustic imaging of the sea floor
During World War II, the U.S. Navy began mapping the topography of the sea floor using sonar aboard ships. This led to the discovery of undersea volcanoes. Early techniques provided crude images with low resolution, but modern acoustic imaging produces high-resolution 3D stereo images. An example is shown of a submarine canyon off the U.S. east coast, imaged using side-scan sonar to reveal intricate seafloor topography in detail.
Ocean floor
The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor, including the continental shelf, slope, and rise that make up the continental margin. It also describes the abyssal plain, which covers the true ocean floor with sediment, as well as seamounts, guyots, mid-ocean ridges, and deep-ocean trenches. Barrier islands, banks, and guyots are among the geological formations that can be found on the continental shelf and ocean floor.
Origin of himalayas
The document discusses various theories regarding the origin of the Himalayan mountains:
1) The geosynclinal evolution theory proposes that the Himalayas formed from the sedimentary deposits in the Tethys Sea, which separated the Angaraland and Gondwanaland landmasses. Intense folding of these deposits led to the formation of the mountain ranges.
2) Plate tectonics theories view the Himalayas as resulting from the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate, causing crustal shortening and folding.
3) Some scholars argue that vertical movements from gravitational forces were responsible for uplifting the mountains, rather than horizontal plate movements.
The document
Ocean Floor Topography and Features
This document describes key features of the ocean floor topography, including continental shelves, slopes, and margins. It also discusses mid-ocean ridges, trenches, seamounts, and underwater volcanic features such as hydrothermal vents. The speed of sound in water and equations for calculating depth from sonar return times are provided.
Ocean basins
The document summarizes the major ocean basins of the world. It describes the general characteristics of the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans, including their average depths, geological features, and freshwater inputs. It also lists marginal seas surrounding each ocean and provides additional details on the largest/smallest oceans, deepest ocean trenches, saltiest seas, and historical definition of "the seven seas".
Himalayas
The Himalayas were formed by the collision of two continental plates - the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. Approximately 50-55 million years ago, the Indo-Australian plate began moving northward due to plate tectonic forces, colliding with and subducting under the Eurasian plate and causing the land between the plates to fold and uplift, forming the Himalayan mountain range. Evidence like fossils of sea animals found high in the Himalayas and sedimentary rock materials support that the region was once under water. The Himalayas continue rising today as the plates still exert pressure against one another.
The salt range, the kashmir syntaxis and pamir arc by junaidurrehman
The document discusses the geological history and tectonic evolution of the Salt Range, Kashmir Syntaxis, and Pamir Arc in Pakistan and Central Asia. It states that the rocks of the Salt Range were originally part of the Himalayan arc but were rotated counterclockwise 75 degrees to their present position. It also describes how the tight folding of the Pamir Arc against the Tien Shan mountains resulted in material being expelled southward, helping to form the sharp hairpin bend of the Kashmir Syntaxis. Finally, it mentions that Wadia had previously proposed an incorrect concept to explain the syntaxis, rejecting ideas of independent mountain building processes in the region.
Marine Provinces
There are three major ocean provinces: continental margins along coastlines, deep ocean basins farther from land, and mid-ocean ridges which are submarine mountain ranges. Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises. Passive margins are tectonically inactive while active margins experience convergence at trenches. Turbidity currents erode submarine canyons and deposit sediments in fans on continental rises. Abyssal plains with fine sediments are adjacent to rises. Mid-ocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries marked by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents.
The sea floor
The Earth is made up of four ocean basins - Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic - which cover 71% of the planet. The ocean floor is composed of tectonic plates that are constantly shifting and spreading at mid-ocean ridges. As new crust is formed at ridges, old crust is destroyed through subduction at trenches. This process of sea floor spreading and plate tectonics explains continental drift over millions of years, from the single supercontinent Pangaea to the current configuration of lands and oceans.
Landforms Relief
This document defines and provides examples of different types of landforms. It explains that landforms are natural shapes or features on Earth's surface, and there are many types including mountains, hills, volcanoes, basins, valleys, canyons, plains, plateaus, lakes, coasts, and more. Each landform is then defined in 1-2 sentences, such as mountains being areas much higher than surrounding land, valleys being lowlands between higher lands, and plains being flat areas on the surface.
Geological landforms
This is first part of PowerPoint presentation on Geological Landforms. The landforms described in the slides are the ones that are most commonly found.
Contents:
1. Features and typical Landforms associated with an ideal fluvial cycle in a humid region.
2. Features found in arid regions
3. River Patterns
4. Drainage Patterns
Part - II of this PowerPoint presentation will be made available soon :)
Tectonic setting of gulf of aqaba
The Gulf of Aqaba is located between the Sinai Peninsula and Arabian Peninsula. It was formed by the breakup of the Arabian-African plate during the Cenozoic era, creating the Gulf of Aqaba-Dead Sea Rift zone. Around 105 km of lateral displacement occurred along this fault zone in two stages over the past 5 million years, shaping the present Gulf of Aqaba basin. The Gulf is still seismically active today due to ongoing strike-slip movement along the rift. The largest recorded earthquake in the region was a magnitude 7.3 strike-slip event in 1995 located within the Gulf.
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Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features (2)
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features (2)
The salt range, the kashmir syntaxis and pamir arc by junaidurrehman
The salt range, the kashmir syntaxis and pamir arc by junaidurrehman
Similar to Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features(2)
The document describes several key features of Earth's surface and interior. It outlines features of the ocean floor including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, submarine canyons, trenches, sea mounts, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys. It also describes spheres that surround Earth including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The layers that make up Earth's interior are described as the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core.
Oceans
The document discusses different aspects of oceanography and ocean floor topography. It can be summarized as follows:
1) The ocean floor is divided into three primary provinces - continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and mid-ocean ridges.
2) Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises. Shelves are shallow areas near land where sediment accumulates. Slopes are steep transitions to deeper waters, and rises are flat sediment piles at the base of slopes.
3) Bathymetry uses sound waves to map ocean floor topography in high resolution, revealing features like submarine canyons cutting into continental slopes.
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The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor topography. It describes four main ocean basins and how echo sounders and sonar are used to map the ocean floor and measure depths. It then outlines various topographical features found on the ocean floor, including abyssal hills, plains, trenches, and undersea volcanoes. It concludes by discussing different types of seafloor sediments and their distribution across oceans.
ocean floor powerpoint notes.pptx
This document discusses key features of the ocean floor including the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, ocean trenches, and ocean volcanoes. The continental shelf extends from the continent underwater and can be wide or short. The continental slope is a steep drop off from the shelf to the continental rise where the ocean floor begins. The abyssal plain is the flat, dark, and cold deep part of the ocean floor covered in sediment. Ocean trenches are deep, narrow depressions formed by tectonic plate collisions. Ocean volcanoes form underwater mountains and islands from erupting magma on the ocean floor.
Seafloor features
The document describes various features of the seafloor including the continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plains, mid-ocean ridges, ocean trenches, islands, and seamounts. It notes that the continental shelf can extend over 200 miles from the coast and that most ocean life lives here. It also explains that ocean trenches form at convergent plate boundaries where one plate slides under the other, and that mid-ocean ridges are where new ocean floor is made through seafloor spreading at divergent plate boundaries.
Earth science chp 14[1]
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The document defines various geographic and geologic terms. It describes key features of the Earth's structure including the crust, mantle, core, continents, oceans, mountains and valleys. It also defines landforms such as plains, plateaus, and basins. Additionally, it covers terms related to bodies of water like peninsulas, isthmus, capes, gulfs, bays, islands, and archipelagos. Finally, it defines concepts in geology including erosion, sedimentation, faults, folds, volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis.
Ch7_Plate_Tectonics_students
This document summarizes plate tectonic theory and evidence that supports it. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1915 and how technology after WWII like echo sounders and deep sea drilling projects in the 1960s-70s found evidence of sea floor spreading. This led Harry Hess to hypothesize in 1962 that new crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and pulled into the mantle at subduction zones, showing that tectonic plates move independently. The document outlines the three main types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates spread apart, convergent where they collide, and transform where they slide past each other. It provides examples and characteristics of each boundary type.
Landforms and bodies of water
Topography refers to the physical features of a place or region, which can be natural or man-made. Topography is caused by volcanic eruptions, soil erosion from water and wind, and the flow of water from high to low elevations. The document defines and describes various landforms like mountains, hills, islands, deserts, plains, valleys, canyons, and plateaus. It also defines bodies of water like oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, and coasts. Major oceans, deepest ocean trenches, historically important rivers, and examples of large lakes are identified.
1 10 ocean composition-location Water in Earth’s Processes
Water in Earth’s Processes
S6E3. Students will recognize the significant role of water in earth processes.
c. Describe the composition, location, and subsurface topography of the world’s oceans.
Global Environment
This document summarizes different types of landforms and waterforms on Earth. It describes the main landforms as continents, islands, highlands, mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, valleys and deserts. It provides details on specific landforms like Pangaea, Himalayas, and the seven continents. It also outlines the major waterforms like oceans, seas, gulfs, bays, lakes, rivers, and straits/canals. In summary, the document categorizes and explains the key physical features that make up the surface of the planet.
Ocean Geography Notes
This document summarizes key features of the ocean floor, including how it is studied using sonar from vessels and submersibles, and features such as mid-ocean ridges where new crust is created, subduction zones where crust is destroyed, trenches that mark subduction zones, continental shelves and slopes, abyssal plains where sediments accumulate, and volcanic island arcs that can form from subduction or hot spots.
8 oceanography ppt
This document provides information about oceanography and beaches. It discusses how the oceans formed from volcanic activity and impacts from comets and meteorites over 4.6 billion years. Key topics covered include ocean composition, temperature variation with depth, ocean currents like gyres, and coastal landforms shaped by wave erosion and deposition such as barrier islands, spits, and sea stacks. Ocean features like continental shelves, trenches, and guyots are also mentioned.
Unit 2 relief
This document provides an overview of key topics related to earth's relief and water systems. It discusses the earth's structure, tectonic plates, changes in relief from internal and external forces, different types of land relief including continental, coastal and oceanic, rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater, and natural hazards like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Key terms are defined throughout and a vocabulary list is provided at the end to help students prepare for an exam on this material.
9th Grade Chapter 4 Lesson 3
The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor and continental margins. It describes the continental shelf, slope, and rise where sediments are deposited near the continents. It also outlines the abyssal plains, seamounts, guyots, mid-ocean ridges, trenches, and Challenger Deep found in the deepest parts of the ocean floor.
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How do fronts and air masses change the weather?
Fronts and air masses change the weather by interacting at boundaries called fronts. There are four main types of air masses - cold/dry, cold/wet, warm/dry, warm/wet - determined by whether they form over land or water. Cold fronts bring stormy weather as warm air is forced upwards, while warm fronts bring steady rain. Stationary fronts cause prolonged rain. Weather maps use symbols to depict current conditions and colored areas to show temperatures. Forecasts predict future weather. Severe storms include tornadoes, blizzards, and hurricanes, which people prepare for using safety measures like watching weather reports, sounds sirens, and evacuation signs.
Endangered & Extinct
Pandas, rhinoceroses, and turtles are endangered species, as there are very few left of each kind. When an animal population becomes endangered, conservation efforts are needed to help the species survive and avoid going extinct, like some animals such as dinosaurs that are no longer in existence. Scientists can determine what animals lived in the past by discovering fossils, which are remains or evidence left behind of ancient living things.
What causes habitats to change
There are three main reasons why habitats change: nature, animals, and humans. Habitats can change naturally through fires caused by lightning, droughts due to lack of rain, or floods from excessive rain. Animals like beavers can change habitats by building dams that form ponds. Humans impact habitats through deforestation, hunting animals for their fur, and construction of buildings over land.
How do we use air & water
Natural resources like air, water, plants, and animals are found in nature and used by people to survive. There are two types of water resources: fresh water from sources like rivers and lakes that is used for drinking, and salt water like oceans that is not potable. Fresh water is transported to homes through aqueducts, stored in reservoirs, or accessed from underground wells. Water is treated before human consumption by allowing impurities to settle, filtering through sand and gravel, using chemicals to kill harmful organisms, and pumping the clean water to the population.
Habitat
This document discusses habitats and the different animals that live in each of the five main habitats. It defines a habitat as a place where animals can find food, water, and shelter. It then lists some examples of animals that live in each of the five main habitats: the ocean habitat (crabs, urchins, whales, seals), the forest habitat (squirrels, monkeys, owls), the desert habitat (snakes, scorpions, camels), the grasslands habitat (lions, giraffes, zebras, koalas, ostriches), and the Antarctica habitat (penguins, polar bears).
How do plant parts help plants
Each plant part has an important role in helping the plant grow. The stem holds up the plant and transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. The leaves use sunlight, air, water, and nutrients to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis. The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil and anchor the plant, functioning like the plant's roots.
Changes in the environment
The document discusses how natural disasters and diseases can change the environment and affect living organisms. It provides examples of floods and droughts as natural disasters that can occur due to heavy rain or lack of rain. Droughts can cause wildfires that damage plant and animal habitats. Diseases from mold, bacteria, and mildew can also spread and harm living things. The environment is changed when disasters and diseases destroy forests and force animals to migrate, adapt, or die off if unable to adjust to the new conditions.
What do plants need to survive?
Plants need five things to survive and grow: oxygen from the air, water, nutrients found in soil, space to grow freely, and sunlight. Fruits were once living parts of plants but become non-living when picked after ripening.
What do animals need to survive?
Animals need four things to survive - food, water, oxygen, and shelter. Food provides nutrients for animals to grow, water is also vital for survival, oxygen is required for breathing, and shelter offers a safe place for animals to live. Different types of animal shelters include kennels, stables, beehives, nests, and aquariums.
How do an organism's trait help it survive?
Organisms exhibit traits that help them survive in their environments through adaptations like camouflage, mimicry, nocturnal behavior, hibernation, and migration. Camouflage allows animals to blend into their surroundings and hide from predators while hunting prey. Mimicry enables some animals to disguise their appearance and resemble other organisms or objects like stones. Nocturnal habits, hibernation, and migration are also adaptive behaviors that help animals find food or escape harsh environments. Plants in deserts and wetlands similarly display adaptations like deep root systems and water storage to cope with their ecological conditions.
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Types of clouds
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Thunderstorm
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Properties of liquids and gases
Liquids and gases take the shape of their container, unlike solids which do not. Volume is defined as the space occupied by matter, and can be measured using tools like measuring cups. Common units for measuring volume include liters and milliliters.
What are the properties of a solid
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How do ecosystems compare?
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How animals behave in diff weather
This document discusses how different pets react to different weather conditions. It notes that in winter, dogs and cats curl up to stay warm while birds fluff their feathers. It states that in summer, dogs try to lay on the ground or swim to stay cool. The document also mentions that cats can sense when it is about to rain and run to hide because they are afraid of water, and birds hide in trees when it rains and can sense when storms are coming.
Food chains and food webs
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It explains that living things get energy from food and this energy passes from one organism to another in a food chain, which always starts with a plant and shows the flow of energy. A food web is made up of interconnected food chains, as organisms can be eaten by more than one other organism.
What is mass?
The document discusses mass and defines it as the amount of matter in an object. It then provides examples of asking about the mass of different objects like a box of toys, bag, lunchbox, and bottle of water. For each, it states that the mass is the amount of whatever is inside - toys, books, food, or water. The document concludes by comparing the mass of different objects, noting that a rock has more mass than paper, a balloon has less mass than a book, and a desk has more mass than a feather.
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Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features
- 1. How can we describe earth’s features?
- 2. Features of the ocean floor Continental shelf Continental shelf Is the ocean floor along a continent’s coast. (The ocean floor is covered by shallow water that slowly slopes down)
- 3. Continental Slope The sharp slope at which the continental shelf ends Continental Slope
- 4. Continental rise Is the gentle slope after the continental slope Continental rise
- 5. Abyssal plain Abyssal plain A wide flat area on the ocean floor (Found near mouths of large rivers)
- 6. Submarine canyon Is a steep side valley in a continental slope. (Found near mouths of large rivers)
- 7. Trenches Deepest part of the ocean floor (Usually long and narrow)
- 8. Sea mount An underwater mountain that rises from the ocean floor but stops before it reaches the surface of the water.
- 9. Mid ocean ridges Underwater mountain ranges.
- 10. Rift valley The valley down the center of a mid ocean ridge.
- 11. Scientists can tell the depth of the ocean floor by sending sounds into the ocean and waiting for the echo to come back.
- 13. Underwater vehicle (To explore ocean floor)