Thunderstorm
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•71 views
There are three main types of storms: 1) Thunderstorms which occur when there is lightning, thunder, strong winds and heavy rain. 2) Tornadoes which are very fast and strong columns of air rotating in circles above land. Storms happen when there is very strong wind and extreme weather.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Types of storms
There are three main types of storms: 1) Thunderstorms which occur when there is lightning, thunder, strong winds and heavy rain. 2) Tornadoes which are very fast and strong columns of air rotating in circles. Storms happen when there is very strong wind and extreme weather.
Hurricanes1 nick
Hurricanes are large storms that can span 600 miles across with winds spiraling inward and outward between 75 and 200 mph. They form over warm ocean waters above 80 degrees Fahrenheit, which provides energy as the warm air rises and condenses into clouds while winds blow inward and outward. Hurricanes can cause major flooding and damage from high winds and waves, so safety tips during one include staying indoors with supplies, avoiding flood-prone areas, and waiting for officials to say it's safe to go outside after the storm passes.
G8 k-12 Wind worksheet
The document provides information about hurricanes, typhoons, and tornadoes. It states that hurricanes occur in the Atlantic and Pacific storms are referred to as typhoons. Both hurricanes and typhoons must have wind speeds over 75 mph and are classified using the same scale from 1 to 5 based on wind speed. Tornadoes differ in that they occur over land and form from colliding air streams, while hurricanes and typhoons form over warm ocean waters and require a difference in air and surface temperatures.
Math in the News: 5/9/11
In this issue of Math in the News we dissect the forces involves in tornadoes and discover why they can cause so much damage. Conservation of angular momentum and centripetal forces are key to understanding the power of tornadoes.
What is emp
An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a burst of electromagnetic radiation caused by large explosions, especially nuclear explosions, that can damage electrical systems by inducing current and voltage surges. EMPs are categorized based on the altitude of the explosion: subsurface, surface, air, and high altitude EMP which occurs above 30km.
Air masses review
There are two main types of air masses: continental polar and maritime tropical. A front is the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures. Cold fronts occur when cold air moves under warm air, bringing storms and drier conditions, while warm fronts happen as warm air moves over cold air, which can produce light precipitation or fog and warmer weather afterwards. Doppler radar maps can show the locations of cold and warm fronts.
aPRESENTATION ON MOMEN^T
The document defines and discusses the moment of a force. It states that the moment of a force is the turning effect of a force, which causes an object to turn about a fixed pivot point. The moment of a force is calculated as the product of the force and its perpendicular distance from the pivot. Levers are then discussed as simple machines that demonstrate the moment of a force by making work easier through changing either the size or direction of a force. There are three types of levers - first, second, and third class - which have different configurations of the effort, load, and fulcrum.
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features
The document describes several key features of the ocean floor:
1) The continental shelf is the shallow ocean floor along a continent's coast that slopes gradually downward.
2) The continental slope is the sharp decline where the continental shelf ends.
3) The continental rise is the gentle slope below the continental slope.
4) An abyssal plain is a wide, flat area of the deep ocean floor, sometimes found near the mouths of large rivers.
Recommended
Types of storms
There are three main types of storms: 1) Thunderstorms which occur when there is lightning, thunder, strong winds and heavy rain. 2) Tornadoes which are very fast and strong columns of air rotating in circles. Storms happen when there is very strong wind and extreme weather.
Hurricanes1 nick
Hurricanes are large storms that can span 600 miles across with winds spiraling inward and outward between 75 and 200 mph. They form over warm ocean waters above 80 degrees Fahrenheit, which provides energy as the warm air rises and condenses into clouds while winds blow inward and outward. Hurricanes can cause major flooding and damage from high winds and waves, so safety tips during one include staying indoors with supplies, avoiding flood-prone areas, and waiting for officials to say it's safe to go outside after the storm passes.
G8 k-12 Wind worksheet
The document provides information about hurricanes, typhoons, and tornadoes. It states that hurricanes occur in the Atlantic and Pacific storms are referred to as typhoons. Both hurricanes and typhoons must have wind speeds over 75 mph and are classified using the same scale from 1 to 5 based on wind speed. Tornadoes differ in that they occur over land and form from colliding air streams, while hurricanes and typhoons form over warm ocean waters and require a difference in air and surface temperatures.
Math in the News: 5/9/11
In this issue of Math in the News we dissect the forces involves in tornadoes and discover why they can cause so much damage. Conservation of angular momentum and centripetal forces are key to understanding the power of tornadoes.
What is emp
An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a burst of electromagnetic radiation caused by large explosions, especially nuclear explosions, that can damage electrical systems by inducing current and voltage surges. EMPs are categorized based on the altitude of the explosion: subsurface, surface, air, and high altitude EMP which occurs above 30km.
Air masses review
There are two main types of air masses: continental polar and maritime tropical. A front is the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures. Cold fronts occur when cold air moves under warm air, bringing storms and drier conditions, while warm fronts happen as warm air moves over cold air, which can produce light precipitation or fog and warmer weather afterwards. Doppler radar maps can show the locations of cold and warm fronts.
aPRESENTATION ON MOMEN^T
The document defines and discusses the moment of a force. It states that the moment of a force is the turning effect of a force, which causes an object to turn about a fixed pivot point. The moment of a force is calculated as the product of the force and its perpendicular distance from the pivot. Levers are then discussed as simple machines that demonstrate the moment of a force by making work easier through changing either the size or direction of a force. There are three types of levers - first, second, and third class - which have different configurations of the effort, load, and fulcrum.
Ch.5.less.1.how can we describe earth's features
The document describes several key features of the ocean floor:
1) The continental shelf is the shallow ocean floor along a continent's coast that slopes gradually downward.
2) The continental slope is the sharp decline where the continental shelf ends.
3) The continental rise is the gentle slope below the continental slope.
4) An abyssal plain is a wide, flat area of the deep ocean floor, sometimes found near the mouths of large rivers.
How do fronts and air masses change the weather?
Fronts and air masses change the weather by interacting at boundaries called fronts. There are four main types of air masses - cold/dry, cold/wet, warm/dry, warm/wet - determined by whether they form over land or water. Cold fronts bring stormy weather as warm air is forced upwards, while warm fronts bring steady rain. Stationary fronts cause prolonged rain. Weather maps use symbols to depict current conditions and colored areas to show temperatures. Forecasts predict future weather. Severe storms include tornadoes, blizzards, and hurricanes, which people prepare for using safety measures like watching weather reports, sounds sirens, and evacuation signs.
Endangered & Extinct
Pandas, rhinoceroses, and turtles are endangered species, as there are very few left of each kind. When an animal population becomes endangered, conservation efforts are needed to help the species survive and avoid going extinct, like some animals such as dinosaurs that are no longer in existence. Scientists can determine what animals lived in the past by discovering fossils, which are remains or evidence left behind of ancient living things.
What causes habitats to change
There are three main reasons why habitats change: nature, animals, and humans. Habitats can change naturally through fires caused by lightning, droughts due to lack of rain, or floods from excessive rain. Animals like beavers can change habitats by building dams that form ponds. Humans impact habitats through deforestation, hunting animals for their fur, and construction of buildings over land.
How do we use air & water
Natural resources like air, water, plants, and animals are found in nature and used by people to survive. There are two types of water resources: fresh water from sources like rivers and lakes that is used for drinking, and salt water like oceans that is not potable. Fresh water is transported to homes through aqueducts, stored in reservoirs, or accessed from underground wells. Water is treated before human consumption by allowing impurities to settle, filtering through sand and gravel, using chemicals to kill harmful organisms, and pumping the clean water to the population.
Habitat
This document discusses habitats and the different animals that live in each of the five main habitats. It defines a habitat as a place where animals can find food, water, and shelter. It then lists some examples of animals that live in each of the five main habitats: the ocean habitat (crabs, urchins, whales, seals), the forest habitat (squirrels, monkeys, owls), the desert habitat (snakes, scorpions, camels), the grasslands habitat (lions, giraffes, zebras, koalas, ostriches), and the Antarctica habitat (penguins, polar bears).
How do plant parts help plants
Each plant part has an important role in helping the plant grow. The stem holds up the plant and transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. The leaves use sunlight, air, water, and nutrients to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis. The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil and anchor the plant, functioning like the plant's roots.
Changes in the environment
The document discusses how natural disasters and diseases can change the environment and affect living organisms. It provides examples of floods and droughts as natural disasters that can occur due to heavy rain or lack of rain. Droughts can cause wildfires that damage plant and animal habitats. Diseases from mold, bacteria, and mildew can also spread and harm living things. The environment is changed when disasters and diseases destroy forests and force animals to migrate, adapt, or die off if unable to adjust to the new conditions.
What do plants need to survive?
Plants need five things to survive and grow: oxygen from the air, water, nutrients found in soil, space to grow freely, and sunlight. Fruits were once living parts of plants but become non-living when picked after ripening.
What do animals need to survive?
Animals need four things to survive - food, water, oxygen, and shelter. Food provides nutrients for animals to grow, water is also vital for survival, oxygen is required for breathing, and shelter offers a safe place for animals to live. Different types of animal shelters include kennels, stables, beehives, nests, and aquariums.
How do an organism's trait help it survive?
Organisms exhibit traits that help them survive in their environments through adaptations like camouflage, mimicry, nocturnal behavior, hibernation, and migration. Camouflage allows animals to blend into their surroundings and hide from predators while hunting prey. Mimicry enables some animals to disguise their appearance and resemble other organisms or objects like stones. Nocturnal habits, hibernation, and migration are also adaptive behaviors that help animals find food or escape harsh environments. Plants in deserts and wetlands similarly display adaptations like deep root systems and water storage to cope with their ecological conditions.
The Water Cycle
The document discusses the water cycle and the three states of matter that water can be present in - solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that water can change between these states through heating and cooling processes like evaporation, where heating liquid water turns it into gas water vapor, and condensation, where cooling water vapor turns it back into a liquid.
Types of clouds
There are 3 main types of clouds: cumulus clouds which are white and puffy like cotton-candy, cirrus clouds which are long and thin resembling feathers, and stratus clouds which look like blankets covering the sky.
Hurricane and blizzards
Hurricanes are storms that start over the ocean, have very strong winds that make huge waves, while blizzards are also known as snow storms with heavy snow and strong wind.
Properties of liquids and gases
Liquids and gases take the shape of their container, unlike solids which do not. Volume is defined as the space occupied by matter, and can be measured using tools like measuring cups. Common units for measuring volume include liters and milliliters.
What are the properties of a solid
Solids have their own definite shapes and do not change shape when moved or turned over. Examples of solids include rocks, books, toys, and other everyday objects. Solids maintain their own shapes rather than taking the shape of whatever container they are placed in.
How do ecosystems compare?
The document compares different ecosystems by describing their climates and key characteristics. Forest ecosystems discussed include tropical rainforests, which are hot and wet year-round, supporting many species, and temperate forests, which experience distinct seasons from warm summers to cold winters. Deserts have hot, dry climates that animals and plants like camels and cacti adapt to for survival. Wetlands are areas covered by water most of the year and act as buffers against flooding. Oceans represent the largest ecosystem and most marine life resides in the sunlit, shallow waters near the surface.
How animals behave in diff weather
This document discusses how different pets react to different weather conditions. It notes that in winter, dogs and cats curl up to stay warm while birds fluff their feathers. It states that in summer, dogs try to lay on the ground or swim to stay cool. The document also mentions that cats can sense when it is about to rain and run to hide because they are afraid of water, and birds hide in trees when it rains and can sense when storms are coming.
Food chains and food webs
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It explains that living things get energy from food and this energy passes from one organism to another in a food chain, which always starts with a plant and shows the flow of energy. A food web is made up of interconnected food chains, as organisms can be eaten by more than one other organism.
What is mass?
The document discusses mass and defines it as the amount of matter in an object. It then provides examples of asking about the mass of different objects like a box of toys, bag, lunchbox, and bottle of water. For each, it states that the mass is the amount of whatever is inside - toys, books, food, or water. The document concludes by comparing the mass of different objects, noting that a rock has more mass than paper, a balloon has less mass than a book, and a desk has more mass than a feather.
How can we measure mass
This document discusses different units of measurement including years for age, centimeters for length, and grams/kilograms for mass or weight, as illustrated through examples of a boy's age in years, the length of a ruler in centimeters, and the weight of a book in grams.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
More Related Content
More from DinaOmarah1
How do fronts and air masses change the weather?
Fronts and air masses change the weather by interacting at boundaries called fronts. There are four main types of air masses - cold/dry, cold/wet, warm/dry, warm/wet - determined by whether they form over land or water. Cold fronts bring stormy weather as warm air is forced upwards, while warm fronts bring steady rain. Stationary fronts cause prolonged rain. Weather maps use symbols to depict current conditions and colored areas to show temperatures. Forecasts predict future weather. Severe storms include tornadoes, blizzards, and hurricanes, which people prepare for using safety measures like watching weather reports, sounds sirens, and evacuation signs.
Endangered & Extinct
Pandas, rhinoceroses, and turtles are endangered species, as there are very few left of each kind. When an animal population becomes endangered, conservation efforts are needed to help the species survive and avoid going extinct, like some animals such as dinosaurs that are no longer in existence. Scientists can determine what animals lived in the past by discovering fossils, which are remains or evidence left behind of ancient living things.
What causes habitats to change
There are three main reasons why habitats change: nature, animals, and humans. Habitats can change naturally through fires caused by lightning, droughts due to lack of rain, or floods from excessive rain. Animals like beavers can change habitats by building dams that form ponds. Humans impact habitats through deforestation, hunting animals for their fur, and construction of buildings over land.
How do we use air & water
Natural resources like air, water, plants, and animals are found in nature and used by people to survive. There are two types of water resources: fresh water from sources like rivers and lakes that is used for drinking, and salt water like oceans that is not potable. Fresh water is transported to homes through aqueducts, stored in reservoirs, or accessed from underground wells. Water is treated before human consumption by allowing impurities to settle, filtering through sand and gravel, using chemicals to kill harmful organisms, and pumping the clean water to the population.
Habitat
This document discusses habitats and the different animals that live in each of the five main habitats. It defines a habitat as a place where animals can find food, water, and shelter. It then lists some examples of animals that live in each of the five main habitats: the ocean habitat (crabs, urchins, whales, seals), the forest habitat (squirrels, monkeys, owls), the desert habitat (snakes, scorpions, camels), the grasslands habitat (lions, giraffes, zebras, koalas, ostriches), and the Antarctica habitat (penguins, polar bears).
How do plant parts help plants
Each plant part has an important role in helping the plant grow. The stem holds up the plant and transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. The leaves use sunlight, air, water, and nutrients to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis. The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil and anchor the plant, functioning like the plant's roots.
Changes in the environment
The document discusses how natural disasters and diseases can change the environment and affect living organisms. It provides examples of floods and droughts as natural disasters that can occur due to heavy rain or lack of rain. Droughts can cause wildfires that damage plant and animal habitats. Diseases from mold, bacteria, and mildew can also spread and harm living things. The environment is changed when disasters and diseases destroy forests and force animals to migrate, adapt, or die off if unable to adjust to the new conditions.
What do plants need to survive?
Plants need five things to survive and grow: oxygen from the air, water, nutrients found in soil, space to grow freely, and sunlight. Fruits were once living parts of plants but become non-living when picked after ripening.
What do animals need to survive?
Animals need four things to survive - food, water, oxygen, and shelter. Food provides nutrients for animals to grow, water is also vital for survival, oxygen is required for breathing, and shelter offers a safe place for animals to live. Different types of animal shelters include kennels, stables, beehives, nests, and aquariums.
How do an organism's trait help it survive?
Organisms exhibit traits that help them survive in their environments through adaptations like camouflage, mimicry, nocturnal behavior, hibernation, and migration. Camouflage allows animals to blend into their surroundings and hide from predators while hunting prey. Mimicry enables some animals to disguise their appearance and resemble other organisms or objects like stones. Nocturnal habits, hibernation, and migration are also adaptive behaviors that help animals find food or escape harsh environments. Plants in deserts and wetlands similarly display adaptations like deep root systems and water storage to cope with their ecological conditions.
The Water Cycle
The document discusses the water cycle and the three states of matter that water can be present in - solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that water can change between these states through heating and cooling processes like evaporation, where heating liquid water turns it into gas water vapor, and condensation, where cooling water vapor turns it back into a liquid.
Types of clouds
There are 3 main types of clouds: cumulus clouds which are white and puffy like cotton-candy, cirrus clouds which are long and thin resembling feathers, and stratus clouds which look like blankets covering the sky.
Hurricane and blizzards
Hurricanes are storms that start over the ocean, have very strong winds that make huge waves, while blizzards are also known as snow storms with heavy snow and strong wind.
Properties of liquids and gases
Liquids and gases take the shape of their container, unlike solids which do not. Volume is defined as the space occupied by matter, and can be measured using tools like measuring cups. Common units for measuring volume include liters and milliliters.
What are the properties of a solid
Solids have their own definite shapes and do not change shape when moved or turned over. Examples of solids include rocks, books, toys, and other everyday objects. Solids maintain their own shapes rather than taking the shape of whatever container they are placed in.
How do ecosystems compare?
The document compares different ecosystems by describing their climates and key characteristics. Forest ecosystems discussed include tropical rainforests, which are hot and wet year-round, supporting many species, and temperate forests, which experience distinct seasons from warm summers to cold winters. Deserts have hot, dry climates that animals and plants like camels and cacti adapt to for survival. Wetlands are areas covered by water most of the year and act as buffers against flooding. Oceans represent the largest ecosystem and most marine life resides in the sunlit, shallow waters near the surface.
How animals behave in diff weather
This document discusses how different pets react to different weather conditions. It notes that in winter, dogs and cats curl up to stay warm while birds fluff their feathers. It states that in summer, dogs try to lay on the ground or swim to stay cool. The document also mentions that cats can sense when it is about to rain and run to hide because they are afraid of water, and birds hide in trees when it rains and can sense when storms are coming.
Food chains and food webs
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It explains that living things get energy from food and this energy passes from one organism to another in a food chain, which always starts with a plant and shows the flow of energy. A food web is made up of interconnected food chains, as organisms can be eaten by more than one other organism.
What is mass?
The document discusses mass and defines it as the amount of matter in an object. It then provides examples of asking about the mass of different objects like a box of toys, bag, lunchbox, and bottle of water. For each, it states that the mass is the amount of whatever is inside - toys, books, food, or water. The document concludes by comparing the mass of different objects, noting that a rock has more mass than paper, a balloon has less mass than a book, and a desk has more mass than a feather.
How can we measure mass
This document discusses different units of measurement including years for age, centimeters for length, and grams/kilograms for mass or weight, as illustrated through examples of a boy's age in years, the length of a ruler in centimeters, and the weight of a book in grams.
More from DinaOmarah1 (20)
Recently uploaded
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Reaching the age of Adolescence- Class 8
This is a presentation on understanding the age of adolescence.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Warehousing
Good warehousing practices
Material management
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Recently uploaded (20)
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Immunotherapy presentation from clinical immunology
Immunotherapy presentation from clinical immunology
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Thunderstorm
- 3. When there is very strong wind and extreme weather!
- 5. There are three main types of storms!
- 7. Thunderstorm is one of the strongest storms and it happens when there is :
- 9. Strong wind
- 10. Heavy Rain
- 11. Tornado
- 12. What is a tornado??
- 13. Very Fast and strong columns of air rotating in circles above the land.