2. Process Management:-
The different states that a process is in during its execution are
explained using the following diagram.
•New- The process is in new state when it has just been created.
•Ready - The process is waiting to be assigned the processor by
the short term scheduler.
•Running - The process instructions are being executed by the
processor.
•Waiting - The process is waiting for some event such as I/O to
occur.
•Terminated - The process has completed its execution.
Process management involves various tasks like creation,
scheduling, termination of processes, and a dead lock. It is the
job of OS to manage all the running processes of the system. It
handles operations by performing tasks like process scheduling
and such as resource allocation.
3. File management:-
File management is one of the basic and important features of operating system. Operating system is used to
manage files of computer system. File management is defined as the process of manipulating files in computer
system, it management includes the process of creating, modifying and deleting the files.
4. Network management:-
Network management is a broad range of functions including activities, methods, procedures and the
use of tools to administrate, operate, and reliably maintain computer network.
5. Main Memory Management:-
In operating system memory management is the function responsible for managing the computer's primary
memory.
The memory management function keeps track of the status of each memory location, either allocated or free. It
determines how memory is allocated among competing processes, deciding which gets memory, when they
receive it, and how much they are allowed. When memory is allocated it determines which memory locations
will be assigned. It tracks when memory is freed or unallocated and updates the status.
Secondary Storage Management:-
Secondary storage is non-volatile , long-term storage. Without
secondary storage all programs and data would be lost the
moment the computer is switched off. There are three main
types of secondary storage in a computer system: solid state
storage devices, such as USB memory sticks.
6. I/O Device Management:-
One of the important jobs of an Operating System is to manage various I/O devices including mouse, keyboards,
touch pad, disk drives, display adapters, USB devices, Bit-mapped screen, LED, Analog-to-digital converter,
On/off switch, network connections, audio I/O, printers etc.
Device drivers are software modules that can be plugged into an OS to handle a particular device. Operating
System takes help from device drivers to handle all I/O devices.
7. Security Management:-
The security management function of an operating system helps in implementing mechanisms that secure and
protect the computer system internally as well as externally.
8. Command Interpreter System:-
In computers, a command is a specific order from a user to the computer's operating system or to an application
to perform a service, such as "Show me all my files" or "Run this program for me."
