The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, defining a computer as an electronic device used for information processing and detailing its basic components and operations. It discusses the central processing unit (CPU), types of storage (primary and secondary), and the evolution of computers from mechanical devices to the current fifth generation involving artificial intelligence. Additionally, it covers data processing and different number systems used in computing.

1. COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS
Submitted By :
Pias kumar
Student
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2. **What is Computer?
•Definition:
•Its an electronic Device that is used for
information Processing.
•Computer.. Latin word.. compute
•Calculation Machine
•A computer system includes a computer, peripheral
devices, and software.
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3. **The Five Basic Operations
of a Computer System…
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4. **Central Processing Unit (CPU)
* It is the brain of a computer system..
*It is responsible for controlling the operations
of all other units of a computer system..
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5. Program
And
Data Input
Primary
Storage
Secondary
Storage
Control
Processing
Unit
Arithmetic
Unit
Output
*** Basic Computer Organization
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6. ***Two Types of Storage
***Primary Storage
**1) Primary storage, also known as main storage
or memory, is the area in computer in which data is
stored for quick access by the computer's processor. The
terms random access memory (RAM) and memory are
often as synonyms for primary or main storage.
***Fast in operation
***Small Capacity
***Expensive
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7. *** Secondary storage
1. Secondary Storage Device. Alternatively
referred to as external memory, secondary
memory, and auxiliary storage, a secondary
storage device is a non-volatile device that
holds data until it is deleted or overwritten.
***Slow to operation
***Large Capacity
***Cheaper…..
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8. ***Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit used to
perform arithmetic and logic operations. It represents the
fundamental building block of the central processing unit
(CPU) of a computer. Modern CPUs contain very powerful
and complex ALUs….
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9. ***Data Processing
Data processing is, generally, "the collection and
manipulation of items of data to
produce meaningful information."[1] In this sense it can
be considered a subset of information processing, "the
change (processing) of information in any manner
detectable by an observer."
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10. **Data Processing Chart
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12. ***Evolution of Computer
 Blaise Pascal -- invented the first mechanical adding machine..
 Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz – invented the first calculator..
**Charles Babbage – the father of modern digital computers..
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13. *1940 – 1956: First Generation – Vacuum Tubes. These early computers used
vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. ...
*1956 – 1963: Second Generation – Transistors. ...
*1964 – 1971: Third Generation – Integrated Circuits. ...
*1972 – 2010: Fourth Generation – Microprocessors.
*2010- : Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence
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14. ***Number system
• Non-positional number system
• Positional number system
• Decimal number system
• Binary number system
• Octal number system
• Hexadecimal number system
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15. ***Two types of Number
Systems
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