This document provides an overview of cerebral palsy (CP) including its definition, causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. CP is a non-progressive motor disability caused by damage to the developing brain, usually before or during birth. It is classified based on clinical presentation (spastic, athetoid, ataxic, flaccid, mixed) and body location affected (quadriplegic, hemiplegic, etc.). Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include abnormal muscle tone, reflexes, movement, and development problems. Treatment involves physiotherapy, occupational therapy, medications, and exercise to manage symptoms and improve function.

1. SLIDE SHARE OF THE CEREBRAL PALSY
BY Dr RAJ BHARDWAJ (PT)
UTTAR PRADESH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
SAIFAI ETAWAH.
TOPIC _
CEREBRAL PALSY.

2. ● Introduction.
● Definition.
● Etiology.
● Classification.
● Clinical manifestations.
● Diagnosis.
● Pharmacological treatment.
● Physiotherapy treatment

3. ● The cerebral palsy is a broad spectrum of moter disability.
● It causes by non progressive damage to developing brain at around the
birth.
● The cerebral palsy can be described as umbrella term.
DEFINITION _
The cerebral palsy is a neuromotor disorder which results
non progressive damage to the developing brain.
● It is a moter disability.
● The CP is a common problem.
● It is a worldwide problem.
● It present 2_2.5 per 1000 live births.

4. The CP is a 75 to 80% cases due to prenatal injury and less than 10% due to birth trauma .
The CP is most important risk due to premature delivery and low birth weight.
ETIOLOGY _
● Forceps delivery.
● Premature delivery .
● Entangling of placenta around the neck.
● Neonatal infection.
● Fall from height.
● Etc

5. CLASSIFICATION AT BASE OF CLINICAL_
1. Spastic.
2. Athetoid.
3. Ataxic.
4. Flaccid.
5. Mixed.
CLASSIFICATION AT THE BASE OF TOPOGRAPHY _
1. Quadriplegic.
2. Hemiplegic.
3. Paraplegic.
4. Monoplegic .
5. Diplegic

8. SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY _
● It is a most common type of CP .
● In case of type increased tone of the muscles.
● It present in all the limbs or half of the body.
● These types are more irritable and spasticity .
● These kids usually suffer from mental retardation and
cognitive problems, difficulty in motor learning etc.

9. ATHETOID CEREBRAL PALSY _
● It is a irrhthymical, irregular, jerky, purposeless,
involuntary writhing movements.
● It's also auditory problems.
ATAXIC CEREBRAL PALSY _
● These type of CP have
Poor balance and coordination due to the damage to the
cerebellum and it's pathways.
● The signs of hypotonia, intentional tremors, dysarthria.
● It also have poor IQ Levels with visual and auditory defects.

11. FLACCID CEREBRAL PALSY _
● It also called floppy kids.
● It is a low muscle tone and are usually mentally
retarded.
● The joint subluxations are common due to decreased
muscle tone.
● It will have difficulty in swallowing,breathing and
speech. MIXED TYPE OF CP_
● It is a developmental disorder with combination of
movement problems.
● It includes all above the type of CP

12. CLINICAL FEATURES_
1. Abnormal tone.
2. Abnormal reflexes.
3. Sensory disturbance.
4. Frontal bossing.
5. Excessive drooling of saliva.
6. Respiratory and oromotordysfunction.
7. Irregular dentition dysmorphic features

13. MULTIPLE ASSOCIATED DEFICITS_
1. Mental retardation.
2. Visual deficit
3. Hearing defects.
4. Learning disabilities.
5. Feeding problem.
6. Speech and language disorder.
7. Emotional and behavioral problems
DIAGNOSIS _
CT , MRI, EEG, EMG, lab test, neurological assessment.
Additional test _ vision, hearing, speech, movement disorder.
Physical examination etc.

14. Physiotherapy management _
● Physical therapy.
● Occupational therapy.
● Speech and language therapy.
● Recreation therapy .
Medication _
● Muscle relaxants drugs..
● Anticonvulsants drugs.
● Antacid.
● Laxative drugs.

15. Physiotherapy aims _
● Manegement of abnormal tone.
● Maintaining the length of muscle.
● Sensory integration.
● Training the respiratory and oromotor functions.
● Training for functional independence
Exercise therapy _
● Endurance, exercise.
● Resisted exercise.
● PNF strengthening techniques.
● Passive mobilization of the spine.
● Deep breathing exercises.
● Training of ADL activities

18. THANK YOU