Centrifuges work by using centrifugal force to separate particles in a sample based on their size, shape, density, and viscosity. The centrifuge spins the sample at high speeds, creating an outward force called relative centrifugal force that drives denser particles to the bottom of the tube. There are different types of centrifuges based on rotor speed (low, high, ultra) and rotor design (fixed angle, vertical, swing bucket). Safety precautions must be followed when using centrifuges to prevent injury from aerosols, contamination, electrical shocks, or machine damage.

1. Sweta hadiya
Shivani patel
Krishna chauhan
Sultan lakhani
Divyesh patel
DMLT Student
New Civil Hospital
Surat

2. Introduction
 What is Centrifuge ?
o Centrifuge is a device for centrifugation - Separation
o Separating particles
o Separation of particles depends on
•Size
•Shape
•Density
•viscosity

3. Principle of Centrifuge
• Centrifuge works on principle of centrifugation.
• Centrifugation occur by centrifugal force.
• Centrifugal force sediment heterogeneous mixture.

4. o Object moving in circle at any velocity is forced to outward
direction.
o Outward force (F = RCF) depends on
• Speed of centrifuge machine
• Radius (rotor radius) = r
• Molecular weight of particles.

5. Principle of Centrifuge
 Centrifugal action creates an induced gravitational force in an
outward direction relative to the axis of rotation and this drives the
particles or precipitated towards the bottom of the tube.

6. Relative Centrifugal Force - RCF

7. Graphical Representation of
RCF-RPM

8. Types Of Centrifuge
 Based On Speed :
• Low Speed
• High Speed
• Ultra Speed
 Based On Rotor :
• Fixed Angel
• Vertical
• Swing Bucket

9. Based On Rotor Speed

10. SWING BUCKET ROTOR

11. FIXED- ANGLE ROTOR

12. VERTICAL ROTOR

13. Precautions while using Centrifuge
• Use Safety Goggles. - aerosol
• Use face Shield. - aerosol
• Use sergical gloves.- contamination
• Work surface or machine must be in level.-damage
centrfuge axis
• Check the tube in rotor is balanced. – break tube ,
damage axis contamination
• Do not open lid while the rotor is moving.- to prevant
the blast
• During abnormal vibration or wobbling or shaking
the centrifuge ; switch-off the power and plug pull
out to prevent the electrical shock
• Do not move centrifuge while rotor is spining.

14. Conclusion
 Thus , we can see that the centrifuge machine is
an essential medical device for every biological
and clinical laboratory as well as medical practice.