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Cell signaling transduction mechanisms
- 1. Cell Signaling 1. Synthesis, release, transport of signaling molecules - neurotransmitters, hormones, etc - ligand binds to a specific receptor 2. Reception of information by target cells 3. Signal transduction - receptor converts extracellular signal into intracellular signal - causes change in the cell 4. Response by the cell
- 2. Fig. 6-3, p. 137
- 4. Receptors
- 5. Figure 12.2b
- 6. Functional Overview of the Nervous System
- 7. Figure 13–14 5 Steps in a Neural Reflex
- 10. Nerve Structure
- 11. Neuron Structure
- 19. Figure 12.11 An Introduction to the Resting Potential
- 21. Figure 12.13
- 26. The first demonstration that channelopathies could affect nerves as well as muscles came in 1995, when researchers discovered that episodic ataxia type 1, a rare autosomal dominant disease, results from mutations in one of the potassium channel genes. Paramyotonia congenita is due to mutations in the gene coding for the α1 subunit of the sodium channel, Thomsen’s disease (autosomal dominant myotonia congenita) and Becker’s disease (autosomal recessive myotonia congenita) are allelic disorders associated with mutations in a gene coding for skeletal muscle chloride channel. Familial hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis is due to mutations in the same sodium channel gene as that affected in paramyotonia congenita, while Familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis results from mutations in the gene coding for the α1 subunit of a skeletal muscle calcium channel.
- 31. Fig. 6-5, p. 139 Receptores: Ionotróficos Metabotróficos
- 34. Neuropeptidos (encefalinas y endorfinas), endocannabinoides (Glutamato) (Tyrosina) (Histidina) (Triptófano)
- 40. Fig. 40-10b, p. 858 Axon of presynaptic neuron Synaptic terminal Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel 1 Ca2+ Synaptic vesicle2 Neuro- transmitter molecule 3 4 Ligand-gated channels Postsynaptic membrane 5 Postsynaptic neuron Receptor for neurotransmitter How a neural impulse is transmitted across a synapse.
- 43. Tetradotoxina (pez globo), Saxitoxina (dinoflagelado marea roja) y cocaína –bloquean canales sodio voltaje Ciguatoxina– facilitan canales sodio voltaje Zombis– Tetradotoxina (bloquean canales sodio) + Datura (campana) – anticolinérgico.
- 45. Figure 12.2b Anatomy of a Multipolar Neuron
- 50. EPSP – IPSP Interactions Figure 12.23
- 52. Voltage-Activated Ion Channels During an Action Potential
- 59. Fig. 40-10b, p. 858 Axon of presynaptic neuron Synaptic terminal Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel 1 Ca2+ Synaptic vesicle2 Neuro- transmitter molecule 3 4 Ligand-gated channels Postsynaptic membrane 5 Postsynaptic neuron Receptor for neurotransmitter (b) How a neural impulse is transmitted across a synapse.
- 63. Bungarotoxina (de la serpiente krait) antagonista receptor nicotínico Acetilcolina Parálisis y fallo respiratorio
- 65. Botulinum toxin Clostridium botulinum
- 66. Tetanus toxin & Strychnine
- 67. Fig. 6-3, p. 137
- 68. Fig. 6-5, p. 139 Receptores: Ionotróficos Metabotróficos
- 71. Fig. 6-5, p. 139
- 74. Fig. 43-13a, p. 933 1 2 5 3 4 Parasympathetic neuron Acetylcholine Acetylcholine receptor K + channel K + Plasma membrane G-protein K + Cardiac muscle Receptor muscarínico para acetilcolina
- 75. Fig. 43-13b, p. 933 Sympathetic neuron 1 Norepinephrine -adrenergic receptor Gate open G protein Plasma membrane 2 6 Ca2+ Adenylyl cyclase 4 ATP Ca2+ 3 cAMP 5 Cardiac muscle Protein Kinase
- 76. Second Messenger
- 79. Receptor Affinity -dissociation constant Receptor Down Regulation -receptor mediated endocytosis -desenzitation Drugs as agonist and antagonists Isoprotenerol (asthma) / propanolol hypertension) (B-adrenergic receptor) Famotidine (Pepcid AC) / Cimetidine (Tagamet) (histamine receptor)
- 80. cAMP Aumenta fuerza contracción corazón Relajación músculos lisos Secresión de NaCl en epitelio intestinal Inhibidores de fosfodiesterasa: cafeína y teofilina Proteína Gs y Gi Toxina del cólera (Gs) Inhiben hidrólisis de GTP Toxina pertussis (Gi) (Tos ferina) Inhiben sustituir GTP por GDP
- 85. G Protein and cAMP
- 87. Fig. 43-13b, p. 933 Sympathetic neuron 1 Norepinephrine -adrenergic receptor Gate open G protein Plasma membrane 2 6 Ca2+ Adenylyl cyclase 4 ATP Ca2+ 3 cAMP 5 Cardiac muscle Protein Kinase
- 89. Fig. 43-13a, p. 933 1 2 5 3 4 Parasympathetic neuron Acetylcholine Acetylcholine receptor K + channel K + Plasma membrane G-protein K + Cardiac muscle Receptor muscarínico para acetilcolina
- 91. Esteres de forbol Mimetizan DAG
- 100. Sildenafil inhibe Fosfodiesterasa de cGMP
- 112. EGF- cancer de seno, glioblastoma y fibrosarcoma TGFβ- 30% cancer de ovario y cancer colorectal
- 114. Smad4- 50% cancer de páncreas Smad4- 50% cancer de páncreas The tumor suppressor gene Smad4 (DPC4) at chromosome 18q21.1 belongs to the Smad family, which mediates the TGFb signaling pathway suppressing epithelial cell growth.