Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, which is found in wheat, barley, and rye. It damages the lining of the small intestine and interferes with nutrient absorption. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and bone or joint pain. It is diagnosed through blood tests detecting antibodies and genetic testing, and confirmation with an intestinal biopsy. The only treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet, which allows the intestinal lining to heal and symptoms to improve.

1. MS. PRIYANKA J SOLANKI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

3.  Celiac disease, sometimes called celiac
sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an
immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein
found in wheat, barley and rye.

4.  Celiac disease is a digestive disease that
damages the small intestine and interferes with
absorption of nutrients from food.

5.  People who have celiac disease cannot tolerate gluten,
a protein in wheat, rye, barley.
 Gluten is found mainly in foods but may also be found
in everyday products such as medicines, vitamins, and
lip balms.

6.  It causes an immune reaction in the small intestine
that damages the lining and lowers the absorption
levels of nutrients.

10.  Abdominal bloating and pain
 Chronic diarrhea
 Vomiting
 Constipation
 Pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stool
 Weight loss
 Defects in the tooth enamel and change in tooth color
 Delayed puberty
 Irritable and fussy behaviour
 Poor weight gain
 Slowed growth and shorter than normal height for their age.

11.  Unexplained iron-deficiency anemia
 Fatigue
 Bone or joint pain
 Arthritis
 Bone loss or osteoporosis
 Depression or anxiety
 Tingling numbness in the hands and feet
 Seizures
 Missed menstrual periods

12.  Infertility
 Sore inside the mouth
 An itchy skin rash called dermatitis herpetiformis

13.  Many people with celiac disease don't know they
have it. Two blood tests can help diagnose it:
 Serology testing looks for antibodies in blood.
Elevated levels of certain antibody proteins indicate
an immune reaction to gluten.
 Genetic testing for human leukocyte antigens can
be used to rule out celiac disease.

14.  It's important to be tested for celiac disease
before trying a gluten-free diet. Eliminating
gluten from your diet might make the results of
blood tests appear normal.

15.  Endoscopy. This test uses a long tube with a
tiny camera that's put into mouth and passed
down throat (upper endoscopy). The camera
enables doctor to view small intestine and
take a small tissue sample (biopsy) to analyze
for damage to the villi.

16.  Capsule endoscopy. This test uses a tiny
wireless camera to take pictures of entire small
intestine. The camera sits inside a vitamin-sized
capsule, which swallow. As the capsule travels
through digestive tract, the camera takes
thousands of pictures that are transmitted to a
recorder.

17.  A strict, lifelong gluten-free diet is the only way to
manage celiac disease.
 Removing gluten from diet will gradually reduce
inflammation in small intestine, causing to feel
better and eventually heal. Children tend to heal
more quickly than adults.

18. Vitamin and mineral supplements
 If anemia or nutritional deficiencies are severe,
doctor or dietitian might recommend that take
supplements, including:
 Copper
 Folate
 Iron and zinc
 Vitamin B-12
 Vitamin D,k

19.  Vitamins and supplements are usually taken in pill
form. If digestive tract has trouble absorbing
vitamins, doctor might give them by injection