This document summarizes key Filipino values based on the work of Professor Felipe M. de Leon Jr. It identifies the core values of kapwa (shared identity), pakiramdam (shared inner perception), and kagandang-loob (shared humanity). It also outlines levels of social interaction from maki-tungo among outsiders to maki-isa representing oneness among insiders. Societal values of kalayaan, katarungan, and karangalan are emphasized. Qualities of leaders Filipinos typically follow are described as nurturing, upright, courageous, fair, intelligent and capable.

1. UNDERSTANDING THE FILIPINO VALUES This presentation is based from the work of Professor Felipe M. de Leon, Jr. Commissioner, NCCA Chairman, NLTA University of the Philippines Asian Social Institute

2. Treat the other person as you treat yourself because the other person is also yourself – Filipino Core Idea

5. THE CORE VALUES KAPWA (Shared Identity) PAKIRAMDAM (Shared Inner Perception) KAGANDAHANG LOOB (Shared Humanity)

6. KAPWA SHARED IDENTITY (Shared Inner Self, “The other person is also yourself”) the core of Filipino psychology, it is humaneness at the highest level implies unique moral obligation to treat one another as equal fellow human beings

7. PAKIRAMDAM (Knowing Through Feeling or Tacit Knowing; Participatory Sensitivity) A unique social skill inherent in Filipino personhood The need for openness and basic trust is a precondition for this active process of sensing subtle cues SHARED INNER PERCEPTION

8. KAGANDAHANG LOOB SHARED HUMANITY ( Pagkamakatao; A Shared Inner Nobility; A Quiet Sense of Responsibility for Others; A Great Compassion for All Living Beings) Nudges a person towards genuine acts of generosity, kindness and caring

10. Levels of Filipino Social Interaction AMONG OUTSIDERS: Maki TUNGO (courtesy) Maki SALAMUHA (mixing) Maki LAHOK (joining) Maki BAGAY (adapting) Maki SAMA (getting along with)

11. PAKIKISAMA DEEPEST LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT WITH ANOTHER PERSON STILL CONSIDERED AN OUTSIDER ( IBANG TAO ) Characteristic tendencies of this trait are giving in to another person’s wish, demands, wants or desires The motive for this could be politeness or expectation of future concessions or immediate rewards

12. AMONG INSIDERS: Maki PAG PALAGAYANG-LOOB (rapport) Maki SANGKO T (involvement) Maki ISA (oneness, unity with) Levels of Filipino Social Interaction

14. SOCIETAL VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH FILIPINO PERSONHOOD KALAYAAN (Freedom) KATARUNGAN (Justice, Equality) KARANGALAN (Honor, Dignity)

21. Leaders that Filipinos Follow? Makatao mapagkalinga, may magandang kalooban (nurturant qualities) Matapat matuwid, maka-Diyos, may moralidad (upright, God-centered) Malakas ang loob matapang, may paninindigan (courageous, with political will) Makatarungan demokratiko, pantay-pantay ang tingin sa lahat (fair, just) Magaling marunong (intelligent, capable)

22. UNDERSTANDING THE FILIPINO VALUES This presentation is based from the work of Professor Felipe M. de Leon, Jr. Commissioner, NCCA Chairman, NLTA University of the Philippines Asian Social Institute END OF PRESENTATION