1. Composite fish culture involves culturing multiple compatible fish species together in freshwater ponds or tanks. Common species include Indian major carps and exotic carps. 2. Proper pond management is required, including liming, fertilizing, and stocking fingerlings. Supplementary feeding is also provided. 3. Financial analysis of culturing fish in a 1 hectare pond over 5 years shows a net present worth of Rs. 435,382.50 and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.2, indicating the project would be financially viable.

1. SUBMITTED TO
Dr. AJAY KUMAR GAURAHA
Department of Agricultural Economics
SUBMITTED BY
Manisha Sonwani
M.Sc.(Ag.) Previous year
Deptt.of Agricultural Economics

2. Fish is the cheapest and digestible animal protein and was obtained from natural sources from time
immemorial for consumption by human beings . Fish farming in controlled or under artificial conditions
has become the easier way of increasing the fish production and availability for consumption.
The marine fish landing in India during 2002 – 2003 was estimated at 2.64 million tonne , which is
.314 million tonne(13.5%) higher than that of previous year.
The technology developed for fish culture in which more than one type of compatible fishes are
cultured simultaneous .
This technology is known as composite fish culture..
Any perennial fresh water pond/tank retaining water depth of 2 meter can be used for fish culture and
the minimum level should not fall below one meter
Seasonal ponds utilized for short duration fish culture.
1. FISH SPECIES INVOLVED IN COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE
Type of feeding habits of the fishes ,the following types of fishes-
Species feeding habit feeding zone
INDIAN MAJOR CARPS
Cattla Zoo plankton
feeder
Surface feeder
Rohu Omnivorous Column feeder
Mrigal Detritivorous Bottom feeder

3. .
EXOTIC CARPS-
Silver carp Phytoplankton
feeder
Surface feeder
Grass carp Herbivorous Surface, Column
and Marginal areas
Common carp Detritivorous /
Omnivorous
Bottom feeder

4. S.No State 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
1 Gujarat 733.82 747.33 721.91
2 Maharashtra 580.55 595.94 556.45
3 Karnataka 297.57 292.46 297.69
4 Kerala 636.89 677.63 667.33
5 TamilNadu 463.03 542.28 559.36
6 Andhrapradesh 891.09 856.93 1010.08
7 Orissa 325.45 342.04 349.48
8 West Bengal 1250 1359 1447
9 Puducherry 21.45 39.66 39.01
10 Goa 104.95 102.39 33.43
11 Daman&Diu 17.79 16.41 26.36
12
Andaman&Nico
bar Islands
12.09 28.68 28.68
13 Lakshadweep 11.96 11.75 11.04
Average 411.28 431.73 442.14

5. 2.POTENTIAL- The area under tanks and ponds available for warm fresh water
aquaculture is estimated to be 2.85million ha. The average productivity from ponds at
present is to the tonne of 2160kg/ha/year.
3.SUBSIDY- Subsidy is available for various items like pond development ,construction of
new ponds. Subsidy scheme implemented by the State Governments through FFDA’S
for different categories of farmers, details of may be obtained from concerned Fisheries
Departments.
4.ELIGIBLE BORROWERS- The following category of borrower are eligible to credit.
(a)An Individual (b)A Company (c)A Partnership farm (d)A Co-operative Society
(e)A Group of fish farmers
Training in fish farming is provided by the FFDA’S to the eligible borrowers.
5.RATE OF REFINANCE- NABARD provides refinance assistance for fish culture to
commercial banks, cooperative s and Regional Rural Banks.

6. Technical parameter that needs for composite fish culture
1 SELECTION OF POND- Selecting the pond is that the soil should be water
retentive, adequate supply of water is assured and that the pond is not in a
flood prone area.
2.POND MANAGEMENT - measures are required –
(a)Prestocking : In case of new ponds ,prestocking operation start with liming
and filling of the pond with water.
->Removal of weeds by manual/mechanical.
->Removal of unwanted and predatory fishes and other animals by sun drying
the pond bed , mahua oil cake@2500kg/ha meter
->Liming- The tanks are acidic in nature are less productive than alkaline
ponds . The following effects-
(a)Increases the pH .
(b)It increases the resistance of soil to parasites.
(c)Its toxic effect kills the parasites.
The normal doses of the lime ranges from 200 to250kg/ha . Actual dose based
on pH of the soil and water-

7. 5.1-6.5 1000
6.6-7.5 500
7.6-8.5 200
8.6-9.5 nil
SOIL (pH) LIME (kg/ha)
4.5-5.0 2,000

8.  Fertilization of the pond is intensifying fish culture by increasing
the natural productivity of the pond. A combination of both organic
and inorganic fertilizers may be used for best results.
(a) Organic Organic manure applied after a gap
of 3 days from the date of liming.
(b) Inorganic Inorganic fertilizer to be undertaken
after 15 days of organic manuring .
Requirement of nitrogenous and
phosphate fertilizers vary as per the
nature of soil fertility indicated.

9. Soil fertility
status
Ammonium
sulphate
Urea
1. Nitrogen
(mg/100 g soil)
a) High (51-75) 70 30
b) Medium (26-50) 90 40
c) Low (up to 25) 140 60
2. Phosphorus
(mg/100 g soil)
Single super
phosphate
Triple super
phosphate
a) High (7-12) 40 15
b) Medium (4-6)
c) Low (up to 3)
50
70
20
30

10. STOCKING: The pond ready for stocking after 15 days of application of
fertilizer . Fish fingerlings 10 cm size (approx) used for
stocking@5000nos./ha.
Depending on availability of seed and market condition , stocking can be of 3
,4,or 6 species combination in the following ratio.
SPECIES COMBINATION(ratio)
SPECIES 3-SPECIES 4-SPECIES 6-SPECIES
CATLA 4.0 3.0 1.5
ROHU 3.0 3.0 2.0
MRIGAL 3.0 2.0 1.5
SILVER CARP - - 1.5
GRASS CARP - - 1.5
COMMON
CARP
- 2.0 2.0

11.  (A) Supplementary feeding : Fishes need more food than available naturally
in the pond . Fishes can be fed with a mixture of bran and oilcake in equal
quantities daily . The feed should be placed on a bamboo tray and lowered
to the pond bottom or sprayed at the corners . The recommended feeding
rate is as under:
CULTURE PERIOD QUANTITY PER DAY (kg)
1. QUARTER 1.5-3
2. QUARTER 3 -6
3.QUARTER 6 - 9
4.QUARTER 9 - 12
TOTAL(for the year) 1,655 - 2700

12. ->Harvesting end of the 1st year ,when the fishes average weight of 750gmto
1.25kg. A production of 4 to 5 tons/ha can be obtained in a year.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
INDICATIVE UNIT COST AND INCOME FOR 1Ha POND REQUIRING 1
METER EXCATIVE
ITEM NEW PONDS EXCAVATION up to
meter DEPTH
A.CAPITAL COST
1.EXCAVATION 10,000m3
@Rs15/m3
1,50,000
2.CONSTRUCTION OF
INLET/OUTLET
20,000
3.EQUIPMENTS AND GEAR 5000
TOTAL 1,75,000

13. RECURRING COST
1.LIME 500kg@Rs.5/ kg 2500
2.FINGERLINGS 500Nos.@Rs400/1000 Nos. 2000
3.ORGANIC
MANURE(COWDUNG)15tonne@Rs.300/tonn
4500
4.UREA 330kg@Rs.5/kg 1650
5.TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE 165kg@ Rs.5%kg 825
6.MUSTARD OIL CAKE 1350kg@ Rs.6/kg 8100
7.RICE BRAN:1350 kg@Rs.3/kg
8.INSURANCE COST@4% OF SEED &FERTILIZER
9.MISCELLANEOUS INCLUDE HARVESTING,
MARKETING EXPENSES & WATCH & WARD etc
TOTAL.
4050
960
2415
27000

14. INCOME
1.PRODUCTION(from end 1st year ) 3000kg
2.SALE PRICE(Perkg) Rs.60/-
TOTAL INCOME Rs.180,000/-

15. A.COST YEAR1 YEAR2 YEAR3 YEAR4 YEAR5
1.FIXED
COST
175000
2.RECURRI
NG COST
27000 27000 27000 27000 27000
TOTAL
COST
202000 27000 27000 27000 27000
B. BENEFIT
COST
1.INCOME
FROM SALE
OF FISH
2.GROSS
INCOME
180000
-22000
180000
153000
180000
153000
180000
153000
180000
153000

16. COST
(in Rs.)
RETURNS
(in Rs)
NET INCOME
(in Rs)
DISCOUNT
FACTOR@
14%
NPW
2,02,000 22,000 -1,80,000 .8771 -157878
27,000 1,53,000 1,26,000 .9807 123568.2
27,000 1,53,000 1,26,000 .9973 125659.8
27,000 1,53,000 1,26,000 .9996 125949.6
27,000
TOTAL
1,53,000 1,26,000 .9999 125987.4
343287

17. YEAR COST
(in Rs.)
RETURNS
(in Rs.)
DISCOUNT
FACTOR
(14%)
PRESENT
WORTH OF
COST
(in Rs)
PRESENT
WORTH OF
GROSS
RETURNS
(Rs)
1. 2,02,000 22,000 .8771 177174.2 19296.2
2. 27,000 1,53,000 .9807 26478.9 150047.1
3. 27,000 1,53,000 .9973 26927.1 152586.9
4. 27,000 1,53,000 .9996 26989.2 152938.8
5.
Total
27,000 1,53,000 .9999 26997.3
284566.7
152984.7
627853.7

18.  B-CRATIO=627853.7/284566.7
 =2 .2
 MONITORING : The timely collection & analysis of data on the progress of a
project , the objective of identify constraints successful implementation .
The highly desirable, particularly when project fail ,to be completed as per
time schedule or in the process of attaining the set goals
 EVALUATION : This is the last phase of the project cycle . It is important to
see ,the objective set out in the project are achieved . Deficiencies , failure to
achieve the objective may be analysed & solution to such failures answered.
 1.NET PRESENT WORTH-Selection criteria of the project depend upon the
positive value.
The NPW of the project is=435382.5
2.BENEFIT-COST RATIO-The selection criteria of the project depend upon
the greater than one or equal to one.
B-C RATIO=2.2
->RESULT- My project is successful, it will be acceptable.