3. CPR…
Considered when an individual
cannot adequately breathe and
maintain circulation to vital
organs.
4. WHY& WHEN TO DO IT ?
Without CPR , irreversible
brain damage occurs within
3-4 minutes
Should be done immediately
by a bystander
TIME is the crucial factor
here to decide the survival
5. Minutes counts...
when the heart stops,
damage occurs to the
Brain within < 5
minutes
start BLS early
10. No victim should undergo
CPR
until the need
for resuscitation
is established.
11.
12. 2. Check the Victim and see if he
responds
Gently SHAKE his shoulder
Ask loudly “Are you all
right?”
13.
14. 3A. Responds by answering or
moving
Leave him in the position.
Reassess him regularly.
15. 3B. If no response
SHOUT for help (Call for
defibrillator)
Turn to his back and open airway.
HEAD TILT Hand on forehead.
Remove any visible obstruction.
CHIN LIFT finger tips under the
point of chin.
Avoid head tilt in
Trauma
20. CPR…
Breathing – Second basic skill
LOOK for chest movement
LISTEN for breath sounds
FEEL for air on your cheek
2 slow effective rescue breathing
25. 5B. Not Breathing
Rescue breathing
Ensure head tilt and
chin lift.
Pinch the Nose.
Two Slow effective
breaths.
Rise and fall of the
Chest
26. Rescue Breathing
Required if breathing is absent
or inadequate
Give 2 slow breaths sufficient
to make the chest rise
Adult: Over 2 seconds
Child & Infant: Over 1 – 1 ½
seconds
28. Any difficulty achieving an
effective breath.
Recheck Victims mouth.
Recheck head tilt and chin lift.
Make up to 5 attempts.
Even in unsuccessful, move on
to assessment of circulation.
29. NO - Circulation
Absent carotid pulse.
Lay Rescuer.
Normal Breathing.
coughing
Movement.
Sign of Cardiac arrest.
No More than 10 Sec.
30. CAROTID PULSE
Identify Adam’s apple (Thyroid
Cartilage).
Slide down to the groove.
Palpate pulse in the groove.
Never Palpate on both sides
simultaneously.
33. 7B. No signs of Circulation
Chest compressions.
Identity middle of Lower half of
Sternum.
compressions by heel of the hands.
After 15 Compressions tilt the head,
lift the chin and give 2 effective
breaths.
35. TECHNIQUE OF EXTERNAL
CARDIAC COMPRESSION
Rescuer to one side of the patient
Patient’s chest exposed and
xiphisternum identified
Xiphisternum –Bony prominence in
the mid line at the junction of lower
borders of the ribs
The index and middle fingers of the
lower hand placed on the
xiphisternum and heel of the other
hand is placed adjacent to them on
the sternum
36. Heel of the second hand placed
on the back of the hand on the
sternum
Fingers may be interlocked
Sternum depressed vertically4-
5cm and then released rapidly
Repeated at a rate of 80-
100/minwith compression and
relaxation each taking the same
length of time
43. Depth of Compression
Adult: 1 ½ - 2 inches or enough
to generate a pulse
Child & Infant: 1/3 – ½ the depth
of the chest or enough to generate
a pulse
45. Reassessment (10 seconds)
Should be performed after the first
minute of CPR and every few
minutes thereafter
If no pulse- resume CPR
If pulse and breathing present-
place in recovery position
If pulse present but no breathing-
provide rescue breathing
46. BLS Algorithm
CHECK RESPONSIVENESS
OPEN AIRWAY
CHECK BREATHING
BREATHE
ACCESS CIRCULATION
10 seconds only
CIRCULATION PRESENT
Continue Rescue Breathing
NO CIRCULATION
Compress Chest
Shake & Shout
Head tilt / Chin lift
Look, Listen and Feel
2 Effective Breaths
Signs of a Circulation
100 Per Minute 15:2 Ratio
Check Circulation every Minute
47. CPR…
Nutshell
Adult Paediatric
Breath rate 10 – 12
bpm
20 bpm
Pulse check Carotid Brachial
Compression
rate
100/min >100/min
Compression
method
Hands
interlaced
Two or three
fingers or heel
of one hand
CV ratio 15 : 2 5 : 1
FB
obstruction
Heimlich
maneuver
Back blows
and chest
thrusts
48. ACLS
Special equipments and
techniques
ECG monitoring
Defibrillation
iv access
Drug therapy
Post resuscitation care