This document discusses the use of cardiac computed tomography (CT) for evaluating chest pain. It provides 3 key points:
1) Cardiac CT is a good tool for assessing coronary artery anatomy, ruling out coronary artery disease, and for "triple rule out" exams to evaluate chest pain of unknown cause.
2) It can help reduce the number of unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures by 30-40% and provide prognostic information.
3) While the technology is still evolving, cardiac CT has high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (98%) for detecting coronary artery disease when used appropriately in patients with intermediate pre-test likelihood of disease.
A talk for general practitioners on the role of CT coronary angiography in cardiology practice in Australia.
To see more from dr alistair begg visit his website at www.dralistairbegg.com or visit the cardiac dvd dvd website at www.whatswrongwithmyheart.com
A talk for general practitioners on the role of CT coronary angiography in cardiology practice in Australia.
To see more from dr alistair begg visit his website at www.dralistairbegg.com or visit the cardiac dvd dvd website at www.whatswrongwithmyheart.com
Admixture lesions in congenital cyanotic heart diseaseRamachandra Barik
Admixture lesions in congenital cyanotic heart disease
Jaganmohan A Tharakan
Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
InStent Resetenosis: An Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis and TreatmentNAJEEB ULLAH SOFI
BMS were developed to mitigate elastic recoil and negative remodeling, but they remain prone to NIH. DES were developed to prevent NIH, and these devices (especially first-generation DES) can be accompanied by delayed reendothelialization, which has been associated with stent thrombosis.
Even in the contemporary era of percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stents, ISR remains a common problem, occurring in 5% to 20% of cases, depending on several patient and lesion characteristics.
The cumulative rates of DES failure have created a major clinical problem so that > 10% of all PCIs done in the United States are to treat ISR, and the number of ISR interventions appears to be increasing year over year
CALCIUM MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES IN COMPLEX PCIThieu Minh Son
Coronary artery calcification represents a major challenge associated with adverse outcomes after PCI
To avoid stent failure, optimal plaque preparation of calcified coronary lesions is required
Intracoronary imaging and determination of coronary calcification severity and characteristics are the keys to guiding further treatment decisions.
Available modification techniques includes: Balloon-Based Devices (Non-Compliant Balloons, High-Pressure Non-Compliant Balloons, Cutting Balloons, Scoring Balloons, Intravascular Lithotripsy) and Coronary Atherectomy (Rotational Atherectomy, Orbital Atherectomy, Laser Atherectomy)
The decision relating to which modification technique to use is based on numerous anatomic and technical factors, including the location of the lesion, the concentricity of the calcium pool, operator familiarity/expertise, and local device availability.
Oncologic18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT)
essential for initial cancer staging and treatment monitoring
Focal FDG activity is a sensitive tool to localize malignant process
Focal FDG activity can be physiologic or non-malignant process (infection, inflammation)
Cardiac FDG uptake
Often not evaluated for oncologic PET-CT due to variable uptake pattern
Physiologic findings can include diffusely increased, focally increased, or regionally increased uptake
Differentiating malignant and non-malignant causes of focal cardiac FDG activity is important, as it can prevent unnecessary diagnostic steps and treatment
Admixture lesions in congenital cyanotic heart diseaseRamachandra Barik
Admixture lesions in congenital cyanotic heart disease
Jaganmohan A Tharakan
Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
InStent Resetenosis: An Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis and TreatmentNAJEEB ULLAH SOFI
BMS were developed to mitigate elastic recoil and negative remodeling, but they remain prone to NIH. DES were developed to prevent NIH, and these devices (especially first-generation DES) can be accompanied by delayed reendothelialization, which has been associated with stent thrombosis.
Even in the contemporary era of percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stents, ISR remains a common problem, occurring in 5% to 20% of cases, depending on several patient and lesion characteristics.
The cumulative rates of DES failure have created a major clinical problem so that > 10% of all PCIs done in the United States are to treat ISR, and the number of ISR interventions appears to be increasing year over year
CALCIUM MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES IN COMPLEX PCIThieu Minh Son
Coronary artery calcification represents a major challenge associated with adverse outcomes after PCI
To avoid stent failure, optimal plaque preparation of calcified coronary lesions is required
Intracoronary imaging and determination of coronary calcification severity and characteristics are the keys to guiding further treatment decisions.
Available modification techniques includes: Balloon-Based Devices (Non-Compliant Balloons, High-Pressure Non-Compliant Balloons, Cutting Balloons, Scoring Balloons, Intravascular Lithotripsy) and Coronary Atherectomy (Rotational Atherectomy, Orbital Atherectomy, Laser Atherectomy)
The decision relating to which modification technique to use is based on numerous anatomic and technical factors, including the location of the lesion, the concentricity of the calcium pool, operator familiarity/expertise, and local device availability.
Oncologic18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT)
essential for initial cancer staging and treatment monitoring
Focal FDG activity is a sensitive tool to localize malignant process
Focal FDG activity can be physiologic or non-malignant process (infection, inflammation)
Cardiac FDG uptake
Often not evaluated for oncologic PET-CT due to variable uptake pattern
Physiologic findings can include diffusely increased, focally increased, or regionally increased uptake
Differentiating malignant and non-malignant causes of focal cardiac FDG activity is important, as it can prevent unnecessary diagnostic steps and treatment
What is New in Cardiac CT? In Search of the Comprehensive and Conclusive Hear...Apollo Hospitals
Coronary CT Angiography (CT) with its noninvasive cross sectional information has seen remarkable growth in recent years. With the introduction of the new generation scanners, like the 320-slice CT, it has risen to a whole new level. Percent diameter stenosis determined with the use of 320-slice CT shows good correlation with Invasive catheter angiogram (ICA) without significant underestimation or overestimation. Plaque composition on CT regardless of lesion severity has emerged as a strong predictor of major cardiac events. The percentage stenosis mismatch between CT and ICA can be explained by the 2 dimensional nature of ICA and its interpretive inconsistencies. In the upcoming years, we need to evolve from focusing on lumen stenosis to a comprehensive assessment of CAD and its impact on patient outcome.
Five pearls and pitfalls in using head CT for diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. This was presented at the 51st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Royal College of Radiologists of Thailand (6 Aug 2014)
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the coronary arteries is a useful noninvasive tool to rule out significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in many clinical situations. Recent guidelines of stable CAD and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction endorse the use of CTA in symptomatic patients with low to intermediate likelihood of the disease, given the particularly high negative predictive value of the technique. However, in patients with high pre-test likelihood of CAD, the technique is not recommended, and one of the reasons is the high probability of coronary calcification in these patients, which interferes with the analysis of the images and reduces the specificity and negative predictive value of CTA.
(TOSHIBA CTEU140095) - Article from Toshiba's VISIONS Magazine#25, March 2015
This is a group powerpoint presentation that I created for our university assignment - it explores the imaging pathways a worker in the medical imaging department would take with a patient suffering from a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA).
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
6. Dolore Toracico sospetta CAD
Taylor A.J. et al. Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol.2010 Oct 25
Cademartiri F. et al. Clinical indications for cardiac computed tomography. From the Working Group of the
Cardiac Radiology Section of the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM). Radiol Med. 2012 Apr 1.
7. Dolore Toracico sospetta CAD
Fox et al. Guidelines on the Management of
Stable Angina Pectoris, Eur H Journal 2006
… Evitare ripetuti test diagnostici non conclusivi o dubbi
(per un’accuratezza diagnostica inferiore)?
8. … Evitare studi coronarografici solo diagnostici
(procedura non scevra da possibili complicazioni)?
Coronarografie solo diagnostiche 30 - 40%
Dorenkamp et al. Direct costs and cost effectiveness of dual source CT and invasive coronary angiography in patient
with an intermediate pre-test likelihood of CAD. Cardiovascular imaging 2011
9. Dolore Toracico CAD nota
Cademartiri F. et al. Clinical indications for cardiac computed tomography. From the Working Group of the
Cardiac Radiology Section of the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM). Radiol Med. 2012 Apr 1.
Taylor A.J. et al. Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol.2010 Oct 25
14. Conclusioni
La TC coronarica è un buono strumento per studiare l’anatomia,
escludere la CAD ed il triple rule out
Ridurre il numero di indagini invasive solo diagnostiche
Evidenziare Pazienti con stress test negativi per induzione di ischemia
ma con anomalie anatomiche
Implicazioni prognostiche importanti
Analisi costo benefici
Esame sicuro
Bell et al. Periprocedural safety of 64-detector row coronary CT: result from the prospective
multicenter ACCURACY trial- Journal of Cardiovascular CT, 2010.
18. DIBATTITO
De Carli et al. J Nucl Cardiol 2007
N Engl J Med. 2011 Apr between Noninvasice Coronary Angiography Whit multi-slice CT
Schuijf et al. Relationship 28;364(17):1617-25. Epub 2011 Apr 4.
and Miocardial Perfusion Imaging. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006.
L’angiografia coronarica con tomografia computerizzata (CTCA) costituisce una della maggiori innovazioni in campo medico diagnostico degli ultimi dieci anni Dalle prime esperienze con la tomografia computerizzata (TC) a 4 strati siamo oggi all’alba dell’era della CTCA a bassa dose da radiazioni ionizzanti [2–4]. Questo significa che sta per essere abbattuta una delle maggiori riserve che hanno limitato fino ad oggi l’applicazione estensiva di questa modalità.
Il pitch (passo) è un parametro peculiare dell’acquisizione in modalità spirale. Il pitch è definito come il rapporto tra gli incrementi del lettino portapaziente, moltiplicati per le rotazioni del tubo, e la collimazione. scansione effettuata con tavolo in movimento ad alta velocità (pitch>3) ed acquisizione triggerata con l’ECG in modo prospettico
Studio prospettico multicentrico (230 Pz) che valuta l’accuratezza della TC 64 slide nell’individuazione delle stenosi coronariche nella popolazione con dolore toracico e rischio intermedio di CAD. Evidenziato l’altissimo valore predittivo negativo che permette di escludere la presenza di CAD con una metodica alternativa all’angiografia invasiva.
Studio su 1400 Pz, con dolore toracico acuto, e rischio basso-intermedio, sottoposti a TC o alle cure tradizionali. Outcome primario: sicurezza definita nel sottogruppo di Pazienti valutati con TC negativa come assenza di IMA e morte cardiaca a 30 gg. Tali eventi sono risultati essere pari a zero, con un tempo di permanenza in PS minore e di dimissione più rapido.
Sulla base de rischio Pretest di CAD
Accuratezza della TC coronarica migliore rispetto ad altri stress test.
Trial di 400 Pazienti (registro americano): pazienti senza CAD nota che si sottoponevano a procedura coronarografica in elezione. I fattori demografici, i fattori di rischio, i sintomi e i risultati degli stress test venivano correlati con la presenza di CAD ostruttiva. Solo 1/3 dei pazienti mostrava CAD ostruttiva evidenziando la necessità di una migliore valutazione del rischio pre angiografia. Tali dati emergono anche dal Confirm, studio prospettico multicentrico su Pz con sospetta CAD sottoposti a CT(25000 PZ): la stratificazione del rischio basata sui criteri standard derivanti dalle linee guida sull’angiografia invasiva (età, sesso, tipicità sintomi) tende a sovrastimare la presenza di CAD ripetuti stress test e angiografie solo diagnostiche.
6 studi che hanno comparato la 64 strati e la dual surce alla coronarografia per la valutazione delle restenosi intrastent. Limite alla valutazione resta il diametro dello stent minore di 3 mm. Nella pratica valutazione non rutinaria ma nel paziente selezionato per diametro dello stent e posizione prossimale.
La valutazione completa post cabg comprende anche la valutazione dell’albero nativo, ostacolata dalla presenza di calcio e di stent. Cmq l’elevato valore predittivo negativo può essere utile per escludere la presenza di stenosi significative nel run off distale e nell’albero nativo, oltre all’accuratissima valutazione dei graft.
Il Confirm ha riportato le differenze di mortalità per tutte le cause in un FU di 2,3 aa (Pz con CAD non nota a sottoposti a TC): la presenza di CAD, sia ostrutttiva che non, risulta associata ad aumento della mortalità. L’incremento graduale della mortalità segue la gravità dell’estensione della CAD. Dato importante è l’impatto della CAD non ostruttiva, che interessava il 30% dei Pz inclusi, sulla mortalità Pz a rischio non identificati ai test funzionali, ma solo da metodiche di imaging anatomico delle coronarie. Nella popolazione con CABG un altro studio (prospettico multicentico 10600 pz) evidenzia il valore prognostico indipendente, incrementale della TC come predittore di mortalità per tutte le cause: la valutazione dei CAPS (misura della CAD sui vasi nativi e la pervietà dei by pass) ha un valore pg indipendente ed incrementale rispetto ai predittori clinici. Permette infatti di identificare sottogruppi anatomici con prognosi diversa, di riclassificare il 27% dei PZ, identificando la sottopopolazione che richiede una più stretta sorveglianza.
Studio disegnato per definire il ruolo della TC nella previsione di eventi acuti. La TC valuta infatti sia la composizione della placca (a bassa attenuazione, fibrosa e lipidica) che il rimaneggiamento caratteristiche delle placche responsabili delle SCA quindi instabili. La caratterizzazione correla bene con l’IVUS. Le placche con entrambe le caratteristiche correlano con una maggiore % di eventi acuti nel FU, minore % nelle placche con 1 caratteristica. La mancanza di tali caratteristiche correla con una % di eventi dello 0%.
In conclusione, le nuove tecnologie di CTCA aprono la strada ad un ulteriore cambio di paradigma nel contesto della diagnostica per immagini.
Scanner a doppia energia con geometria del fascio radiogeno co-assiale La doppia energia applicata all’imaging del cuore consentirebbe di far diventare la CTCA un tecnica multi-parametrica. imaging in grado di ridurre l’impatto degli artefatti causati dalle calcificazioni e dagli stent. Sarà possibile effettuare studi di perfusione (pooling iodico steady state o dinamico) del miocardio con lo stesso bolo di mezzo di contrasto utilizzato per la scansione angiografica. Sarà inoltre possibile portare nell’uso clinico lo studio della vitalità miocardica con tecnica di enhancement tardivo Le prime esperienze di imaging da stress con CTCA utilizzando l’adenosina come stressor
CONCLUSIONS: Both the high-pitch and the SAS mode for low-dose CT coronary angiography provide high accuracy for the assessment of significant coronary stenoses, while the high-pitch mode further significantly lowers the radiation dose.
We compared image quality and effective dose at DSCT examinations using prospectively ECG-triggered axial scanning with advanced arrhythmia rejection software (PT-AAR) versus retrospectively ECG-gated helical scanning with tube-current modulation (RG-TCM) during arrhythmia In patients with variable heart rates, prospectively ECG-triggered axial DSCT with arrhythmia rejection algorithm is feasible and can decrease radiation exposure by ∼50% versus retrospectively ECG-gated helical DSCT, with preserved image quality.
Immagini di perfusione e CT danno informazioni diverse: ischemia vs anatomia. Nella valutazione anatomica l’accuratezza della CT è sovrapponibile alla coronarografia nei pz con rischio intermedio. Nella popolazione a rischio intermedio il confronto tra TC e MPI (immagini di perfusione miocardica): 47% dei pz con CT anormale avevano normale MPI (solo metà delle lesioni anatomiche aveva significato funzionale). Uguale percentuale tra i Pz con lesioni ostruttive alla CT aveva normale MPI. (il dato anatomico non correla con il funzionale) Vista dal punto di vista opposto Pz con normale MPI nel 50% avevano stenosi alla CT i test di perfusione miocardica non escludono la presenza di stenosi. Quindi la TC non vuole sostuirsi ai test di perfusione sapendo che le informazioni fornite sono differenti. Dai dai emerge però che la TC con la sua elevata accuratezza e VPN potrebbe essere usata in prima linea per escludere la CAD. Alternativamente in presenza di stenosi test funzionali sono utili successivamente per valutare l’ischemia e le stenosi emodinamicamente significative. Inoltre nei Pz con TC positiva e non ischemia inducibile sono cmq Pz con CAD che beneficiano di una prevenzione primaria, sono identificati alla TC e possono essere statificati come rischio.
Nei limiti dati dagli stent questa matanalisi mostra l’impatto numerico degli stent non valutabili: 89% valutabili. I non valutabili 11% hanno come limite maggiore il diametro < 3mm, e la posizione distale che sono pre-requisiti noti. Il valore diagnostico è alto poiché a confronto con la coronarografia mostra elevata SE e SP.
Studio prospettico su Pz afferiti per eseguire angiografia invasiva in elezione. Entrambe le metodiche identificano le stenosi significative e predicono la successiva rivascolarizzazione in Pz con CAD sospetta o nota, che vanno incontro a coronarografia, ma la TC mostra un trend di accuratezza diagnostica superiore.