The document summarizes the carbonization process used to remove vegetable matter from wool. The process involves scouring the raw wool with detergent, immersing it in an acid bath, drying and baking it to carbonize the vegetable matter, crushing and removing the carbonized matter, neutralizing the wool, and bleaching it. Carbonization ensures impurities are fully cleaned from the fibers without changing their length and increases wool production quality compared to mechanical removal methods. However, it also causes fiber breakage rendering long wools only suitable for woolen systems.

1. Carbonization
Subject- Fabric and Garment Finishing
Presented by-
Arpan Mahato
B/AP/12/1643

2. Impurities
Natural
Oil Fat
Acquired
Sand Pollen

3. Vegetable Matter
VM
Discounts
Fine Wool
Medium
Wool

4. Fine Wool

6. The object of the carbonization process is
the removal of vegetable matter from
wool.
Processing Stages
 Scouring of the raw wool with non-ionic
detergent.
Rinsing.
Immersion in a long bowl containing 5-7%
(w/v) sulphuric acid, 1-2 g/L detergent at 20-
30C.
Wool carbonisation

7.  Double squeezing and/or continuous centrifuging prior
to drying.
 Drying at 60-80C to a low regain.
 Baking at 95-120C to carbonize the VM
 Pass through heavy fluted rollers to crush the
embrittled VM
 Convey to a rotating shaker/de-duster to remove the
charred VM dust
 Pass through a neutralizing bowl usually containing
sodium carbonate

8.  Rinsing with a small addition of detergent.
 Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide at approximately
pH 5 with formic acid.
 Final drying

9. Fabric
carbonizing
The
traditional
system
Carbosol
system

10. The traditional system
6-8%
5-7.5%
5-65%

11. Carbosol system

12. Acidising.
Moisture removal.
 Drying/Baking .
Burr crushing and dedusting.
 Neutralization
New Technologies

13. Advantages
• Ensures full cleaning of fibers from
impurities
• The fiber length isn’t changed
• The wool production as compared with the
mechanical method is increased by 1-
1.3%.
• The quality of yarn and fabric improved.
• wool carbonization is more effective than
burr picking in burr pickers.

14. Disadvantages
• The harsh process described cause
considerable fiber breakage and loss
rendering any long wools used,
suitable for the woolen system only.