Dyeing of polyester wool blends

This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Post-treatment and troubleshooting steps are also outlined.

Dyeing of polyester and cotton blends

Ashish Dua

1. Dyeing polyester/cotton blend fabrics using reactive disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide has several advantages over conventional dyeing methods. 2. Supercritical carbon dioxide acts as a solvent for the hydrophobic disperse dyes and allows for deep penetration and homogeneous dyeing of the polyester fibers. 3. The process is more environmentally friendly as supercritical carbon dioxide is non-toxic, non-flammable and can be recycled in a closed system without disposal issues.

One bath dyeing process of polyester,cotton(pc) blend fabric.

Anik Deb

Dyeing of polester cotton blends

The document discusses various dyeing methods for polyester/cotton blends, including batchwise, semi-continuous, and continuous methods. It focuses on one bath and two bath dyeing processes using disperse, reactive, vat, and direct dye classes. Specific dyeing recipes and processes are provided for one bath dyeing of disperse/vat and disperse/reactive dye combinations, as well as for semi-continuous and continuous dyeing.

Oligomer remover

Ketan Gandhi

Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover------- Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing. Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester. Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover, problems caused on its deposit, Removing Art, Solutions----

Dyeing Process & its Auxiliaries

Anil Kumar

Dye is a coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they colour. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require aftertreatment to improve the fastness of the dye on the fibre. Dyes are usually soluble in water whereas pigments are insoluble. Dyes selection is very important when dyeing different types of textile fibre. Types of chemical dyes are Direct, Reactive, Vat, Sulphur dyes etc. All dyes required different chemical auxiliaries and different after treatment process. Each dyes possess different light, washing & rubbing fastness and having different characteristics also.

This research comprises of six alternative agents ((NH4)2C2O4, liquid NH3, CH3COOH, NH4OH, (COOH) 2, CH3CH2OH) at various concentrations of 1-5% used as scouring agents with NaOH as control on cotton/polyester blend fabric. The samples were bleached, mercerized and dyed. The suitability and reliability of the agents were evaluated for dyeing properties of the treated fabric. Water imbibing properties of the treated fabric, was investigated. The experimental results showed that the percentage exhaustion of indigo dye on the treated fabric were wonderful with values far above average (86.8-62.6%) except for 1% (NH4)2C2O4 that recorded slightly below average (49.7%). 2% liquid NH3 ranked the highest. The wash fastness is another interesting results where only 1-5% liquid NH3, 2% and 4% (NH4)2C2O4 that gave a grey scale rating for wash fastness of 4 (very good). The other alternative agents strongly competed at various concentrations with the control which revealed a rating of 5 (excellent wash fastness). 4% (NH4)2C2O4 scoured fabrics recorded the highest water of imbibitions (2.9 g). This implies that the alternative agents are suitable and reliable as impurity-removing (scouring) agents. The alternative agents improved the dyeing and water imbibing properties of the treated fabric far better than the control. Therefore could be employed in the textile industry.

mass colaration

Amit kumar

Mass coloration, also known as solution dyeing or spun dyeing, involves adding pigments or insoluble dyes to the spinning solution or polymer melt before extrusion through a spinneret. This embeds the color within the fiber, resulting in fibers with excellent colorfastness to light, washing, rubbing, and other stresses. Mass coloration can be applied to both regenerated and synthetic fibers and is more economical and less wasteful than conventional dyeing processes. The most common mass coloration methods are addition during polymerization, chips coating, master batch addition, and injection into the extruder.

Pigment dyeing

Rinku Shemar

Pigments are insoluble colorants that remain on the surface of fibers rather than penetrating inside. They are held in place mechanically by binders which are cured at high temperatures. For commercial use, pigments must have good heat resistance, dispersability, light/weather fastness, and be harmless and affordable. Binders are important as they bond pigment particles to fibers and form a clear film. The rubbing fastness of pigments depends on binder efficiency. Pigment dyeing involves padding dye paste onto fabric, drying, and curing at high heat to set the colors.

Functions of dyeing auxiliaries

Tanvir Ahammed

This document provides an overview of the functions of various dyeing auxiliaries used in the textile dyeing process. It discusses the roles of sequestrants, lubricants, leveling agents, antifoams, pH buffers, desizing agents, yarn lubricants, mercerizing agents, dye fixing agents, optical brighteners, soaping agents, and finishing chemicals. Each auxiliary type is described in 1-2 sentences explaining its purpose in the dyeing process such as preventing hard water ions, providing lubrication, ensuring even dye distribution, or removing size from fabrics.

Dyeing of polyamide fibres

This document discusses the dyeing of polyamide fibers like wool, silk, and nylon. It explains the dyeing mechanisms and how the structure of polyamide fibers allows them to be dyed using different dye classes like acid dyes, chrome dyes, and reactive dyes depending on the desired properties like colorfastness. Factors like pH, temperature, and use of leveling agents affect dye uptake and uniformity. Different types of acid dyes provide varying colorfastness and are suitable for different applications depending on those properties.

Blended Dyeing

This document discusses blended dyeing of textiles. It begins with an introduction to blending different fiber types and the properties this can provide. It then describes the types of blends as fiber, combination fiber, or single yarns composed of blended fibers. Reasons for blending fibers include processing, improved properties, multi-colored fabrics, and cost. Key factors that affect dyeing methods are the desired color effect, required colorfastness, compatibility with finishing processes, and costs. The document concludes by stating that learning about blended dyeing, procedures, recipes, and factors is important knowledge for textile students and their future careers.

reactive Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics

Oliyad Ebba

Exhaust dyeing is commonly used to dye cotton and cotton blend knitted fabrics. It involves dye migration from the dye liquor into the fabric batch using exhausting chemicals and circulation. Reactive and disperse dyes are most commonly used. Key parameters include temperature, speed, pressure, and cycle time. Proper preparation of dyes, salts, and chemicals is important to prevent issues. Checking points after dyeing ensure the required shade and pH are met before draining. An aftertreatment process includes neutralization, soaping, and fixing to improve wash fastness. Safety equipment and material safety data sheets are necessary in the dye house.

Polyester fiber processing

Polyester is a polymer made from a condensation reaction between small molecules to form ester groups. It is commonly made from a dibasic acid and a dihydric alcohol. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers are widely produced today and modified forms also exist. PET polyester fabric can be finished through various sequences including scouring, heat-setting, and dyeing. Heat-setting is important to stabilize the fabric against shrinkage during further processing and use. Dyeing is typically done with disperse dyes at high temperature for an even application.

Scope of Dyeing Polyester Cotton (PC) Blended Fabric in Single Bath Process f...

iosrjce

Dyeing of fabric blends such as Polyester/Cotton (P/C) is presently done with two chemically different classes of dyes namely disperse for polyester and reactive for cotton, in two bath process. Experimental work was carried out on finding the possibility of dyeing the P/C blends in one bath process without drain the liquor after polyester part dyeing. All the existing chemical and conventional temperature range were applied in this study. The result indicates that, the using of one bath method in the polyester cotton dyeing can slightly change the fastness properties than the conventional method. The one bath dyeing method showed level dyeing having good fastness properties and offers the option of cost effective and ecofriendly dyeing process.

Dyeing parameter

This document provides production parameters and quality control procedures for dyeing and finishing a knit fabric. It includes details on: - Special instructions for fabric properties like shrinkage, color fastness, and pH levels. - Dyeing parameters like temperature, pH, time, and liquor ratios for different dyeing processes. - Quality assurance system to check fabric properties before and after processing. - Calculations related to dyeing capacity and chemical requirements. - Finishing target details to control fabric quality like shade, GSM, shrinkage and spirality.

Presentation of sayeed

This document provides a project report on applying disperse and reactive dyes to a 65/35 polyester/cotton blended fabric using a two bath system. It acknowledges those who helped with the project and thanks the textile college and company for the opportunity. The abstract discusses challenges in dyeing poly/cotton blends and how dye selection can help control color value, strength, and other properties. Laboratory trials tested compatibility of reactive dyes and analyzed dye fixation using spectrophotometry. The introduction discusses the importance of practical experience and outlines the project goals of studying dye application in different textile industries in Bangladesh.

Innovative Concepts in Textile Dyeing and Printing

Modhera / L.N.Chemicals Industries

This project report summarizes research on innovative concepts in textile dyeing and printing. It was submitted by Vijay Prakash to the Department of Textile Chemistry at Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute in Kanpur, India, in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Textile Chemistry. The report introduces the topics of dye types, including acid, basic, direct, mordant, vat, reactive, disperse, azoic, sulfur and food dyes. It also discusses various printing methods like stamp, transfer, screen, dye sublimation, pigment and reactive printing.

01 preparation english (1)

Dinesh Venkat

This document provides an introduction to basic textile definitions and preparation processes. It defines different types of fibers, yarns and fabrics. The key textile preparation processes described include singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing and adding optical brightening agents. The goals of preparation are to remove impurities from fibers and ensure even dyeing and finishing. Proper preparation is important for quality textiles.

Dyeing of knitted fabrics

Minh Tuan Nguyen

The document discusses the dyeing process for knitted fabrics. It describes how knitted fabrics are commonly dyed using winch dyeing machines or jet dyeing machines in an exhaust method. It also discusses space dyeing of knitted fabrics to produce patterns. Key factors that affect the dyeing process are the dyeing temperature and common dyeing faults like cracks or creases that can occur. The document provides remedies for common dyeing faults encountered in knit dyeing.

Oligomer remover

Oligomer is a byproduct of polyester production made up of small chains of ethylene terephthalate molecules. It exists as a fine powder trapped in polyester fibers and migrates to the surface during dyeing. Approximately 0.1-1.0% of oligomer is produced and can cause issues like impaired spinning, deposits, and dull or uneven dyeing. Various post-treatment methods have been used to remove oligomers but often damage fibers or are ineffective against cyclic oligomers. New treatments are needed that can remove oligomers with minimal production interruptions and fiber damage.

Chemical Processing Printing

Nitish Sharma

Dyeing of polyester with disperse reactive dyes

IIT DELHI

Disperse dyes are used to dye polyester fabrics. They are insoluble in water but can be dispersed onto fibers using dispersing agents. This document discusses the characteristics of disperse dyes and examples of common disperse dyes. It also examines using disperse reactive dyes for dyeing polyester, which have properties of both disperse and reactive dyes, and can provide improved fastness. The dyeing process for polyester using disperse reactive dyes is outlined, and effects of pH and dye concentration on dye uptake are analyzed.

Difference between reactive dye and disperse dye on fabric

Azmir Latif Beg

Water conservation need of the hour

- Water scarcity is a major issue facing India due to rapid population growth and industrialization, as well as poor water management. The textile industry in particular is a large consumer of water for wet processing. - The Tirupur textile cluster in Tamil Nadu provides an example where overuse of groundwater by textile factories has led to severe depletion and pollution of local water sources. Fresh water must now be trucked in from long distances at high cost. - To address these issues, the document recommends reducing fresh water usage in textile processing through measures like separating and recycling wash water, improving effluent treatment technologies, and adopting cleaner production methods.

Environmental legislation 1

The document summarizes several key pieces of Indian environmental legislation related to pollution control and management of hazardous substances and waste. It outlines laws governing air and noise pollution, ozone depletion, water pollution discharge limits, and general environmental protection. The legislation establishes regulatory authorities at the central and state level, defines penalties for non-compliance, and sets standards and restrictions on industries for limiting pollution and handling hazardous materials.

Water conservation need of the hour

Value additiadion to khadi through design inputs

The document discusses different textile manufacturing sectors in India including organized mills, decentralized sectors like power looms and handlooms, and khadi. It notes that khadi production involves manual spinning and weaving, resulting in very low production volumes but high employment. The document proposes that value can be added to khadi fabric through design inputs like printing, weaving patterns, embroidery, and describes various techniques for producing designed khadi fabric. It provides examples of khadi being promoted in fashion shows and adopted by designers to appeal to newer generations.

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Oligomer is a byproduct of polyester manufacturing made up of small chains of ethylene terephthalate molecules. It is difficult to remove from polyester fibers and can cause issues during dyeing and spinning such as duller shades, dye spots, and clogged machine parts. Various post-treatment methods have been used to remove oligomers but often damage fibers or are not fully effective. Altranol products are effective at keeping oligomers dispersed during dyeing and alkaline treatments to prevent redepositing and allow more to be removed from fibers and machines.

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Scouring

Jotish Roy (BUBT)

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3. digital printing technologies

The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop on demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, while CIJ includes single and multiple jet systems using deflection plates or air jets. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.

4. essential elements for inkjet printing

This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the need for post-treatments, while envisioning future possibilities like mass customization and integration with other technologies.

Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes

This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. Cotton is dyed by first converting the vat dye to its soluble form, dyeing the cotton, then reoxidizing the dye inside the fiber. The document outlines the chemical classes of vat dyes and the steps involved in vat dyeing cotton fabric using exhaust or continuous methods.

Dyeing of polyester

The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including: 1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration. 2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration. 3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at 120-130°C without carriers. 4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.

3. digital printing technologies

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This document compares and contrasts analog and digital printing technologies. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each, such as analog printing being better for mass production while digital is more suitable for variable, personalized, or short print runs. The document also examines factors to consider when choosing a printing method like image quality, production speed, and cost. Additionally, it describes how some systems combine analog and digital to leverage the strengths of both.

4. essential elements for inkjet printing

This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the future potential of digital printing for mass customization and integrated production systems.

Digital printing asian dyer extended version)

Digital printing offers several advantages over conventional analog printing methods for textiles. It allows for mass customization and quick turnaround due to minimal press setup times. Digital printing can change color schemes or designs in real time during production. It also produces less waste and has a lower environmental impact than screen printing. However, digital printing has lower throughput than analog methods and higher costs for long runs. It also requires specially coated substrates and has limitations in ink color options and opacity.

Dyeing of polyester

The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including: 1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration. 2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration. 3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at over 120°C without carriers. 4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.

Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes

This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. The water-soluble form dyes cotton fibers, and is then re-oxidized inside the fibers. The dyeing process involves steps of reduction, dyeing, oxidation, and soaping to achieve bright shades and fastness properties.

Indroduction to printing

The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It begins by distinguishing between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. It then covers various printing styles like direct, resist, and discharge printing. The document concludes by describing common printing methods such as block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing.

General composition of print paste

The document summarizes the general composition and essential qualities of print pastes used in textile printing. Print pastes typically contain dyestuffs, thickeners, solvents, humectants, oxidizing agents, and defoaming agents. Thickeners are important for ensuring the print paste sinks into the fabric quickly and adheres properly after printing and drying. Other components like hydroscopic agents and pH controllers help facilitate dye fixation during steam treatment. Proper selection and balance of ingredients is necessary for achieving high quality, well-defined prints on fabrics.

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There are key differences between dye and pigment printing. Pigments have no affinity for fibers and are insoluble in water, requiring a binder to fix them onto fibers. Dyes have affinity for fibers and are water soluble. Pigment printing uses a binder that is an aqueous emulsion copolymer which polymerizes during curing to form a strong film embedding the pigment and adhering it to the fiber. Suitable thickeners for pigment printing are emulsion or synthetic thickeners which do not interact negatively with the binder. Emulsion thickeners are prepared using oil, water, emulsifiers and other agents, while synthetic thickeners are high molecular weight copolymers that thicken when

Indroduction to printing

The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It distinguishes between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. Printing uses an aqueous medium of high viscosity to prevent color from spreading. Common printing methods described include block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing. Resist and discharge styles of printing are also outlined.

Manual screen printing

Roller printing was invented by James Bell of Scotland in 1783. It was the first machine used for textile printing and remained popular for over 200 years until the 1960s. The roller printing machine used engraved rollers to transfer designs onto fabric passing between multiple rollers. It could print 1 to 12 colors at speeds of 70-80 meters per minute. The popularity of roller printing declined after the invention of rotary screen printing in 1960, which allowed for faster, multi-color printing and is now obsolete.

M anual screen printing