Dyeing of polyester wool blends
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The document discusses thermosol dyeing of PET/wool blended fabrics. It describes the process which involves padding the fabric with disperse dyes, drying, then applying heat in a stenter at 190-200 degrees C for 45-60 seconds. Dyes must be able to fix at this temperature range and minimally stain the wool. The thermosol conditions do not impair the mechanical properties of the wool. Faulty shades can be corrected by boiling the fabric in a solution containing levelling agents. Complete stripping is possible using a solution of formic acid, zinc sulphoxylate formaldehyde and other agents at elevated temperatures over time.
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Dyeing of polyester wool blends
The document discusses thermosol dyeing of PET/wool blended fabrics. It describes the process which involves padding the fabric with disperse dyes, drying, then applying heat in a stenter at 190-200 degrees C for 45-60 seconds. Dyes must be able to fix at this temperature range and minimally stain the wool. The thermosol conditions do not impair the mechanical properties of the wool. Faulty shades can be corrected by boiling the fabric in a solution containing levelling agents. Complete stripping is possible using a solution of formic acid, zinc sulphoxylate formaldehyde and other agents at elevated temperatures over time.
4.1.04 polyester dyeing
1. The document discusses dyeing polyester fabric with disperse dyes and different dyeing methods, including using a carrier or high temperature dyeing.
2. It explains that a carrier helps the disperse dye penetrate polyester fibers better than normal dyeing, while high temperature dyeing at 130C can achieve deep shades without a carrier.
3. The experiments compare dyeing polyester with a carrier versus high temperature dyeing, and how being heat set first affects dye uptake, finding that heat setting before dyeing reduces uptake while carriers or high heat increase it.
Dyeing of polyester and cotton blends
1. Dyeing polyester/cotton blend fabrics using reactive disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide has several advantages over conventional dyeing methods.
2. Supercritical carbon dioxide acts as a solvent for the hydrophobic disperse dyes and allows for deep penetration and homogeneous dyeing of the polyester fibers.
3. The process is more environmentally friendly as supercritical carbon dioxide is non-toxic, non-flammable and can be recycled in a closed system without disposal issues.
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Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing.
Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester.
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The document discusses thermosol dyeing of PET/wool blended fabrics. It describes the process which involves padding the fabric with disperse dyes, drying, then applying heat in a stenter at 190-200 degrees C for 45-60 seconds. Dyes must be able to fix at this temperature range and minimally stain the wool. The thermosol conditions do not impair the mechanical properties of the wool. Faulty shades can be corrected by boiling the fabric in a solution containing levelling agents. Complete stripping is possible using a solution of formic acid, zinc sulphoxylate formaldehyde and other agents at elevated temperatures over time.
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1. The document discusses dyeing polyester fabric with disperse dyes and different dyeing methods, including using a carrier or high temperature dyeing.
2. It explains that a carrier helps the disperse dye penetrate polyester fibers better than normal dyeing, while high temperature dyeing at 130C can achieve deep shades without a carrier.
3. The experiments compare dyeing polyester with a carrier versus high temperature dyeing, and how being heat set first affects dye uptake, finding that heat setting before dyeing reduces uptake while carriers or high heat increase it.
Dyeing of polyester and cotton blends
1. Dyeing polyester/cotton blend fabrics using reactive disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide has several advantages over conventional dyeing methods.
2. Supercritical carbon dioxide acts as a solvent for the hydrophobic disperse dyes and allows for deep penetration and homogeneous dyeing of the polyester fibers.
3. The process is more environmentally friendly as supercritical carbon dioxide is non-toxic, non-flammable and can be recycled in a closed system without disposal issues.
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Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover-------
Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing.
Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester.
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Department: Textile engineering.
Academic project about blend dyeing in one bath dyeing process.
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Oligomer is a byproduct of polyester production made up of small chains of ethylene terephthalate molecules. It exists as a fine powder trapped in polyester fibers and migrates to the surface during dyeing. Approximately 0.1-1.0% of oligomer is produced and can cause issues like impaired spinning, deposits, and dull or uneven dyeing. Various post-treatment methods have been used to remove oligomers but often damage fibers or are ineffective against cyclic oligomers. New treatments are needed that can remove oligomers with minimal production interruptions and fiber damage.
Phenolic yellowing of textiles
The document discusses various causes of yellowing in textiles during storage and heat processing. It notes that yellowing is often caused by reactions between phenolic antioxidants used in packaging materials and textile finishes with nitrogen oxides in the air. Factors like humidity, temperature, and UV exposure can also influence yellowing. The document recommends several products that can help prevent yellowing, including Quench-APY, Quench-AY, Quench-LG, and Altranol-GR, which protect fibers from oxidative damage and reactions with nitrous oxides.
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This document provides information on Altranol-GR, a product used to prevent yellowing of textiles during processing. It discusses various causes of textile yellowing including NOx gases from direct heating, heat exposure, light exposure, microorganisms, and chemical interactions. Altranol-GR contains scavengers that react with NOx gases to prevent fiber damage and yellowing. It can be applied by padding or exhaust and provides antioxidant effects during heat setting and molding to maintain whiteness. The document provides application guidelines and recipes for using Altranol-GR at different stages of textile processing.
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This document provides production parameters and quality control procedures for dyeing and finishing a knit fabric. It includes details on:
- Special instructions for fabric properties like shrinkage, color fastness, and pH levels.
- Dyeing parameters like temperature, pH, time, and liquor ratios for different dyeing processes.
- Quality assurance system to check fabric properties before and after processing.
- Calculations related to dyeing capacity and chemical requirements.
- Finishing target details to control fabric quality like shade, GSM, shrinkage and spirality.
Tinting & over dyeing
This document provides information about tinting and over dyeing processes for denim garments. It discusses:
- Tinting/over dyeing involves lightly dyeing garments with colors like yellow or pink after fading to give a new fashion or better appearance.
- The process is done on garments after washing techniques like acid wash or stone wash. Direct or reactive dyes are used to color the white/base areas.
- Tinting can be done overall by immersion or localized by spray. It provides a new color effect while maintaining the indigo tone.
- Proper precautions must be taken like fabric and thread matching, and compatible accessories, to avoid irregular dyeing
Chemical processing pretreatment
Pretreatment ,Impurities in natural fibre; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends,Carbonization ,Scouring barium acitivity number .
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Dyeing of pet wool blends
This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Post-treatment and troubleshooting steps are also outlined.
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This document discusses the process of scouring synthetic fibers and fiber blends. Scouring is used to remove dirt, spin finishes, sizing agents and other impurities added during fiber production and processing. For polyester and nylon fabrics, scouring can be done with soda ash and detergent in water at 70-80 degrees C. Scouring of acrylic must be done under mild alkaline conditions to avoid yellowing. When scouring blends of cotton and polyester, milder alkaline conditions are used to avoid hydrolysis of the polyester fibers. Common scouring conditions for cotton/polyester blends include caustic soda, soda ash and detergent in water at 70-100 degrees
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Bleaching process in textile processing
Natural fibers contain coloring compounds that make them appear off-white. The objective of bleaching is to remove these color bodies and produce a white fabric using oxidizing bleaching agents while minimizing fiber damage. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used bleaching agent for cotton and blends. It works through its decomposition product, perhydroxyl ion, which breaks the double bonds in color compounds at an optimal pH of 10-11. Proper regulation of perhydroxyl ions through stabilizers prevents rapid decomposition of the bleach and fiber degradation. Temperature, time, concentration, and liquor ratio must be optimized to achieve effective bleaching with minimal impact on strength properties.
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This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Considerations for dye selection, recipes, and procedures are provided to optimize results while minimizing wool degradation.
Dyeing of polester cotton blends
The document discusses various dyeing methods for polyester/cotton blends, including batchwise, semi-continuous, and continuous methods. It focuses on one bath and two bath dyeing processes using disperse, reactive, vat, sulphur, and direct dyes. Specific dyeing recipes and procedures are provided for one bath dyeing with disperse/vat dyes and one bath two step dyeing with disperse/vat dyes. Factors to consider for process and dye selection include equipment, batch size, depth of shade desired, and cost effectiveness.
Dyeing of polester cotton blends
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- Quality assurance system to check fabric properties before and after processing.
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Natural fibers contain coloring compounds that make them appear off-white. The objective of bleaching is to remove these color bodies and produce a white fabric using oxidizing bleaching agents while minimizing fiber damage. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used bleaching agent for cotton and blends. It works through its decomposition product, perhydroxyl ion, which breaks the double bonds in color compounds at an optimal pH of 10-11. Proper regulation of perhydroxyl ions through stabilizers prevents rapid decomposition of the bleach and fiber degradation. Temperature, time, concentration, and liquor ratio must be optimized to achieve effective bleaching with minimal impact on strength properties.
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Exhaust dyeing is commonly used to dye cotton and cotton blend knitted fabrics. It involves dye migration from the dye liquor into the fabric batch using exhausting chemicals and circulation. Reactive and disperse dyes are most commonly used. Key parameters include temperature, speed, pressure, and cycle time. Proper preparation of dyes, salts, and chemicals is important to prevent issues. Checking points after dyeing ensure the required shade and pH are met before draining. An aftertreatment process includes neutralization, soaping, and fixing to improve wash fastness. Safety equipment and material safety data sheets are necessary in the dye house.
Dyeing of polyester at low temperature
This is the slides of polyester dyeing at low temperature by using emulsion dyeing system. Where as dyeing is possible at ≤40°C temperature.
post tanning process.pdf
I am Nasif Hoshen studying in the Leather Engineering Department of Dhaka University. No information about leather can be found in the browser. So I thought that if I write what I learn and publish it in the browser, it will be useful for others.
Scouring
Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. The main objectives of scouring are to make the fabric hydrophilic, remove oils, waxes and other impurities, increase absorbency, and prepare the fabric for downstream processing. Scouring works through saponification of oils and emulsification of waxes. The scouring process depends on factors like fiber type, fabric construction and intended dyeing process. Common scouring methods include batch processing in kiers or continuous processing in jigs or boxes. Souring involves treating the scoured fabric with acid to neutralize residual alkali.
Scouring
Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. It makes fabrics hydrophilic and clean. There are two main scouring methods - discontinuous kier boiling and continuous j-box scouring. Kier boiling involves loading fabric into a heated vessel and spraying alkali solution onto it over several hours. J-box scouring passes fabric continuously through an impregnation box, preheater and j-box where it is stored in alkali solution. The main objectives of scouring are to remove oils, waxes and other impurities, increase absorbency and prepare fabrics for downstream processing.
German dyeing Internship Report
Texturising or texturizing is the process by which synthetic fibres are modified to change their texture - the physical appearance of the fibreTexturising techniques can include bulking (where thermoplastic fibres are twisted, heat set and untwisted), crimping and coiling, amongst others.
German dyeing2
This document provides information about the textile dyeing process at a textile plant. It includes details about:
- The texturizing process which modifies fibre texture through techniques like bulking, crimping, and coiling.
- The plant has 12 texturizing machines from two brands with spindle capacities of 168 and 112.
- Other processes discussed include twisting, different dyeing departments for polyester, nylon and carpet, and machine specifications for dyeing, hydro, and pressing machines.
- Dyeing cycles and parameters are provided for polyester, nylon, and carpet dyeing using various dye types.
- Calculations for package density in yarn dyeing are
Pigment Orange 34
Introduction to Chemistry, Synthesis, Properties, Applications, Worldwide contribution and economics. Comparison with other similar pigments like Pigment Orange 13, Pigment Red 38, Pigment Red 41, Pigment Red 111.
Effect of Various Conditions on Disperse Dyeing
The document discusses the effect of various conditions on disperse dyeing. It explains that temperature, pH, and time all play important roles. For dyeing with disperse dyes, a temperature above 100°C is needed for fiber swelling. The dye bath pH should be between 4.5-5.5 for satisfactory dye exhaustion. Time is also crucial - if not maintained properly, it can result in poor color fastness and an unacceptable dyeing outcome. Maintaining the appropriate conditions is essential for effective disperse dyeing.
Structure Formation in Gel Spinning Of Dyneema (HPPE) & Correlation to Prope...
Structure Formation in Gel Spinning Of Dyneema (HPPE) & Correlation to Prope...INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI (IIT-DELHI)
The document discusses various methods for printing acrylic fabric, including direct, discharge, and resist styles. Direct printing uses cationic dyes and requires pretreatment before steaming to fix the dyes. Discharge printing uses a colored ground of dischargeable dyes with illuminating colors of non-dischargeable dyes and a discharging agent like tin chloride. Blends of acrylic and other fibers like cellulose can be printed with desperse or reactive dyes. Recent developments include digital printing of acrylic with conventional inkjet printers and surface modification to improve dyeability.Printing of Acrylic Fabric (bulky fabric printing)
acrylic printing with the help of different cutting edge solutions.
using different dyes and chemicals with required auxiliaries
2 INTRODUCTION of pH
The document discusses pH and its importance in the dyeing process. It explains that pH must be properly maintained throughout dyeing for effective exhaustion and fixation of dyes to the fabric. The document then discusses three techniques for controlling pH: maintaining high acidity/alkalinity, controlling pH within a narrow neutral range, and gradually shifting pH as dyeing proceeds. It also provides details on dye types, dyeing processes, chemicals used, and other parameters important for successful dyeing.
Heat stabilizer for copper and other metal mono phthalocyanines as well as fo...
Simple method for preparation of heat stabilizer for copper phthalocyanine pigments for colouration of plastic and rubber is described. The method can be used for heat stabilizer for other mono metal phthalocyanine used in industry as well as for other pigments such as quinocridones.
BLOCK PREPARATION.pptx
This document outlines the basic steps of tissue processing for microscopic examination: embedding, sectioning, staining, and mounting. Tissue is embedded in paraffin wax and allowed to cool, then sectioned on a microtome. Sections are mounted on slides and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Hematoxylin stains cell nuclei blue while eosin stains cytoplasm and extracellular components pink. After staining, sections are dehydrated and coverslipped using a mounting medium. The overall process prepares tissue for microscopic analysis and diagnosis.
Polyester fiber processing
Polyester is a polymer made from a condensation reaction between small molecules to form ester groups. It is commonly made from a dibasic acid and a dihydric alcohol. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers are widely produced today and modified forms also exist. PET polyester fabric can be finished through various sequences including scouring, heat-setting, and dyeing. Heat-setting is important to stabilize the fabric against shrinkage during further processing and use. Dyeing is typically done with disperse dyes at high temperature for an even application.
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Printing of Acrylic Fabric (bulky fabric printing)
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3. digital printing technologies
The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop on demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, while CIJ includes single and multiple jet systems using deflection plates or air jets. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.
4. essential elements for inkjet printing
This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the need for post-treatments, while envisioning future possibilities like mass customization and integration with other technologies.
Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes
This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. Cotton is dyed by first converting the vat dye to its soluble form, dyeing the cotton, then reoxidizing the dye inside the fiber. The document outlines the chemical classes of vat dyes and the steps involved in vat dyeing cotton fabric using exhaust or continuous methods.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at 120-130°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
3. digital printing technologies
The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop-on-demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, with the latter providing higher resolution and suitability for wider ranges of inks. The technologies each have advantages and limitations for different applications like textile printing.
93, 94 introduction to digital printing
This document compares and contrasts analog and digital printing technologies. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each, such as analog printing being better for mass production while digital is more suitable for variable, personalized, or short print runs. The document also examines factors to consider when choosing a printing method like image quality, production speed, and cost. Additionally, it describes how some systems combine analog and digital to leverage the strengths of both.
4. essential elements for inkjet printing
This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the future potential of digital printing for mass customization and integrated production systems.
Digital printing asian dyer extended version)
Digital printing offers several advantages over conventional analog printing methods for textiles. It allows for mass customization and quick turnaround due to minimal press setup times. Digital printing can change color schemes or designs in real time during production. It also produces less waste and has a lower environmental impact than screen printing. However, digital printing has lower throughput than analog methods and higher costs for long runs. It also requires specially coated substrates and has limitations in ink color options and opacity.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at over 120°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes
This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. The water-soluble form dyes cotton fibers, and is then re-oxidized inside the fibers. The dyeing process involves steps of reduction, dyeing, oxidation, and soaping to achieve bright shades and fastness properties.
Dyeing of polyamide fibres
This document discusses the dyeing of polyamide fibers like wool, silk, and nylon. It explains the dyeing mechanisms and how the structure of polyamide fibers allows them to be dyed using different dye classes like acid dyes, chrome dyes, and reactive dyes depending on the desired properties like colorfastness. Factors like pH, temperature, and use of leveling agents affect dye uptake and uniformity. Different types of acid dyes provide varying colorfastness and are suitable for different applications depending on those properties.
Indroduction to printing
The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It begins by distinguishing between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. It then covers various printing styles like direct, resist, and discharge printing. The document concludes by describing common printing methods such as block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing.
General composition of print paste
The document summarizes the general composition and essential qualities of print pastes used in textile printing. Print pastes typically contain dyestuffs, thickeners, solvents, humectants, oxidizing agents, and defoaming agents. Thickeners are important for ensuring the print paste sinks into the fabric quickly and adheres properly after printing and drying. Other components like hydroscopic agents and pH controllers help facilitate dye fixation during steam treatment. Proper selection and balance of ingredients is necessary for achieving high quality, well-defined prints on fabrics.
Pigment printing
There are key differences between dye and pigment printing. Pigments have no affinity for fibers and are insoluble in water, requiring a binder to fix them onto fibers. Dyes have affinity for fibers and are water soluble. Pigment printing uses a binder that is an aqueous emulsion copolymer which polymerizes during curing to form a strong film embedding the pigment and adhering it to the fiber. Suitable thickeners for pigment printing are emulsion or synthetic thickeners which do not interact negatively with the binder. Emulsion thickeners are prepared using oil, water, emulsifiers and other agents, while synthetic thickeners are high molecular weight copolymers that thicken when
Indroduction to printing
The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It distinguishes between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. Printing uses an aqueous medium of high viscosity to prevent color from spreading. Common printing methods described include block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing. Resist and discharge styles of printing are also outlined.
Manual screen printing
Roller printing was invented by James Bell of Scotland in 1783. It was the first machine used for textile printing and remained popular for over 200 years until the 1960s. The roller printing machine used engraved rollers to transfer designs onto fabric passing between multiple rollers. It could print 1 to 12 colors at speeds of 70-80 meters per minute. The popularity of roller printing declined after the invention of rotary screen printing in 1960, which allowed for faster, multi-color printing and is now obsolete.
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