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CARBON GRAPHITE
REFRACTORIES
AND
CERAMIC GRAPHITE
REFRACTORIES
PRESENTATION BY : PRAVEEN KUMAR
S5 , MTG
ROLL NO : 23
AJCE
Materials which withstand high temperature and do not fuse even at very
high temperature.
WHAT IS A REFRACTORY ?
Types of refractories
There are three type of refractories
 Acidic refractories
 Basic refractories
 Neutral refractories
CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
 Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon and its natural deposit is known as “Plumbago”.
 Coke has been used as a cheap substitute for graphite but not satisfactory.
 Bonding materials for carbon refractories are usually tar or pitch (free from ammonia or
light oils).
 Graphite is found in Karnataka, Bihar and Orissa.
The basic definition…
CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
How its made?
Cool the
mould
Moulded in
wood
Shovel
thoroughly
Add hot
tar/pitch
Spread it
on floor
Stored dry
Coke is
crushed
CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
Precautions while manufacturing…
 The coke used must contain less than 8% ash.
 Crushing or grinding must reduce the size of coke to 1-2mm size.
 While mixing with shovels, be quick so as to avoid formation of lumps.
 The moulds used (wooden or iron) must be oiled before use.
 The bricks must be cooled in ventilated rooms.
 Exposure to sunlight can make them soft.
CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
 Graphite is infusible and sublimes at 3600°C.
 It is not attacked by any slag or chemicals except in the presence of oxygen as it oxidises
at elevated temperatures.
 It is resistant to thermal shocks.
 Have high thermal as well as electrical conductivities.
 Porosity value vary from 20% – 25%.
 They are light grey in colour and give a ringing sound when struck.
 Cold crushing strength is about 350 Kg/Cm2.
Properties…
CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
 Extensively used in lining the hearth and bosh of the Blast furnace.
 Also used in furnaces where temperature is high and the atmosphere is non-oxidising.
 They may be also used in the lower stack wall of the Blast furnace also.
 Iron and slag runners are also lined with carbon refractories due to lower shrinkage.
 Graphite crucibles of varied sizes are used for melting cast iron, aluminium, copper etc.
 Carbon is used as a ramming mixture with tar for construction of electrolytic cells.
Uses…
CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
How does it look like?
CERAMIC -GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
CERAMIC -GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
 New class of carbon refractories.
 Examples are magnesia graphite and alumina graphite.
 Composition of Magnesia Graphite Bricks,
C = 5-20%
CaO = 2.2-2.4%
SiO2 = 0.7-1.5%
Fe2O3 = 0.3-0.4%
Al2O3 = 0.3-0.4%
The basic definition…
CERAMIC -GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
 High thermal spalling resistance.
 Reduced specific refractory consumption.
 Resistance to action of slags.
 Cold crushing strength after tempering varies from 323-633 Kg/Cm2.
 Bulk density after coking is 2.76-2.99 gm/cc.
 Bulk density after tempering is 2.80-3.04 gm/cc.
 Very high fusion point.
Properties…
CERAMIC -GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES
How does it look like?
THANK YOU…

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carbon graphite refractories and ceramic grafite refractorys

  • 2. Materials which withstand high temperature and do not fuse even at very high temperature. WHAT IS A REFRACTORY ?
  • 3. Types of refractories There are three type of refractories  Acidic refractories  Basic refractories  Neutral refractories
  • 5. CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES  Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon and its natural deposit is known as “Plumbago”.  Coke has been used as a cheap substitute for graphite but not satisfactory.  Bonding materials for carbon refractories are usually tar or pitch (free from ammonia or light oils).  Graphite is found in Karnataka, Bihar and Orissa. The basic definition…
  • 6. CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES How its made? Cool the mould Moulded in wood Shovel thoroughly Add hot tar/pitch Spread it on floor Stored dry Coke is crushed
  • 7. CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES Precautions while manufacturing…  The coke used must contain less than 8% ash.  Crushing or grinding must reduce the size of coke to 1-2mm size.  While mixing with shovels, be quick so as to avoid formation of lumps.  The moulds used (wooden or iron) must be oiled before use.  The bricks must be cooled in ventilated rooms.  Exposure to sunlight can make them soft.
  • 8. CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES  Graphite is infusible and sublimes at 3600°C.  It is not attacked by any slag or chemicals except in the presence of oxygen as it oxidises at elevated temperatures.  It is resistant to thermal shocks.  Have high thermal as well as electrical conductivities.  Porosity value vary from 20% – 25%.  They are light grey in colour and give a ringing sound when struck.  Cold crushing strength is about 350 Kg/Cm2. Properties…
  • 9. CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES  Extensively used in lining the hearth and bosh of the Blast furnace.  Also used in furnaces where temperature is high and the atmosphere is non-oxidising.  They may be also used in the lower stack wall of the Blast furnace also.  Iron and slag runners are also lined with carbon refractories due to lower shrinkage.  Graphite crucibles of varied sizes are used for melting cast iron, aluminium, copper etc.  Carbon is used as a ramming mixture with tar for construction of electrolytic cells. Uses…
  • 10. CARBON GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES How does it look like?
  • 12. CERAMIC -GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES  New class of carbon refractories.  Examples are magnesia graphite and alumina graphite.  Composition of Magnesia Graphite Bricks, C = 5-20% CaO = 2.2-2.4% SiO2 = 0.7-1.5% Fe2O3 = 0.3-0.4% Al2O3 = 0.3-0.4% The basic definition…
  • 13. CERAMIC -GRAPHITE REFRACTORIES  High thermal spalling resistance.  Reduced specific refractory consumption.  Resistance to action of slags.  Cold crushing strength after tempering varies from 323-633 Kg/Cm2.  Bulk density after coking is 2.76-2.99 gm/cc.  Bulk density after tempering is 2.80-3.04 gm/cc.  Very high fusion point. Properties…