classification of refractories and commonly used refractory brickssunrise refractory
Refractories act as a thermal barrier between a hot medium and the wall of the containing vessel, represent a chemical protective barrier against corrosion, ensure a physical protection, prevent the erosion of walls by the circulating hot medium and act as thermal insulation for heat retention.
classification of refractories and commonly used refractory brickssunrise refractory
Refractories act as a thermal barrier between a hot medium and the wall of the containing vessel, represent a chemical protective barrier against corrosion, ensure a physical protection, prevent the erosion of walls by the circulating hot medium and act as thermal insulation for heat retention.
6 Guidelines to Select Right Refractory for your Furnace.Gita Gilada
Expert Says - "Picking the Right Refractory will not only Last Longer, it also Saves the Annual Fuel Cost". Type of Furnace & Type of Fuel matters most.
information collected from various sources available on the internet
advanced ceramics are very useful and contains various properties that traditional ceramics do not have.
general classification
classification on the bases of application
classification on the bases of composition
+ electro ceramics
+ advanced structural ceramics
Bioi ceramics
piezoelectric ceramics
dielectric ceramic
Megnetic ceramics
Nuclear Ceramics
Automotive ceramics
optical ceramics
nitrides ceramics
silicate ceramics
carbides ceramics
oxide ceramics
Ceramics are important engineering materials from engineering applications point of view.This presentation gives briefly important properties and applications of ceramics
introduction of ceramic: A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and all are made by firing or burning, often including silicates and metal oxides.
classification and types of ceramic, application of ceramic and innovations on it.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
6 Guidelines to Select Right Refractory for your Furnace.Gita Gilada
Expert Says - "Picking the Right Refractory will not only Last Longer, it also Saves the Annual Fuel Cost". Type of Furnace & Type of Fuel matters most.
information collected from various sources available on the internet
advanced ceramics are very useful and contains various properties that traditional ceramics do not have.
general classification
classification on the bases of application
classification on the bases of composition
+ electro ceramics
+ advanced structural ceramics
Bioi ceramics
piezoelectric ceramics
dielectric ceramic
Megnetic ceramics
Nuclear Ceramics
Automotive ceramics
optical ceramics
nitrides ceramics
silicate ceramics
carbides ceramics
oxide ceramics
Ceramics are important engineering materials from engineering applications point of view.This presentation gives briefly important properties and applications of ceramics
introduction of ceramic: A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and all are made by firing or burning, often including silicates and metal oxides.
classification and types of ceramic, application of ceramic and innovations on it.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERA...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in the concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of the concrete surface.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
1. Presented to : Engineer Nasir Iqbal
Noorani
Submitted by : Faizan FA-15-BME-83
Farhan FA-15-BME-84
khizar FA-15-BME-046
Subject :Engineering Materials
2. INTRODUCTION
What are are refractory materials?
Materials that
Withstand high temperatures and sudden changes
Withstand action of molten slag, glass, hot gases etc
Withstand load at service conditions
Conserve heat
Have low coefficient of thermal expansion
Will not contaminate the load
3. Deffination
A refractory material is a material that retains its
strength at high temperatures. ASTM C71 defines
refractories as "...non-metallic materials having those
chemical and physical properties that make them
applicable for structures, or as components of systems,
that are exposed to environments above 1,000 °F (811 K;
538 °C).
Refractory materials are used in linings
for furnaces, kilns, incinerators, and reactors..
4. Refractories are classified on the basis of therir chemical
composition.end use and manufacturing method.They can
be classified acidic basic and nutral refractories.A small
range of high melting point material like magnetia,bauxite
,fireclay and silica are used to produce refractories.
5. Refractory requirements:
The refractory materials should be able to withstand
High temperature
Sudden changes of temperature
Load at service conditions
Chemical and abrasive action of phases
The refractory material should not contaminate the material with which it is in
contact
8. Properties of Refractories
Melting point
Temperature at which a ‘test pyramid’ (cone) fails to support its own weight
Size
Affects stability of furnace structure
Bulk density
Amount of refractory material within a volume (kg/m3)
High bulk density = high volume stability, heat capacity and resistance
Porosity
Volume of open pores as % of total refractory volume
Low porosity = less penetration of molten material
9. Properties
Volume stability, expansion & shrinkage
Permanent changes during refractory service life
Occurs at high temperatures
Reversible thermal expansion
Phase transformations during heating and cooling
Size and dimensional stability
The size and shape of the refractories is an important feature in design since it
affects the stability of any structure. Dimensional accuracy and size is extremely
important to enable proper fitting of the refractory shape and to minimize the
thickness and joints in construction.
10. Types of refractory material
On the basis of chemical composition and physical form
Chemical composition:
3 types
1)Acid refractories(e.g silica bricks)
2)Basic refractories(e.g magnetia bricks)
3)Neutral refractories(e.g karborundum bricks)
11. Types
There are three types of refractory material that we discussed in the
previous slide-
1)Acid Refractory: This refractories are made up of acidic material
like zircon,fire clay and silica.
2)Basic Refractories: This type is made up of basic material like
dolomite,magnetia.
3)Neutral Refractory: Thus type is made up of alumina
,chromite,silicon carbide and mulite.we can not use acidic refractory
directly in the basic environment and vice versa because they will be
corroded.
12. physical form
Shaped Refractories: Shaped refractories are those which have fixed shaped
when delivered to the user. These are what we call bricks. Brick shapes maybe
divided into two: standard shapes and special shapes. Standards shapes have
dimension. . Special shapes are specifically made for particular kilns and furnaces.
Unshaped Refractories: Unshaped refractories are without definite
form and are only given shape upon application. It forms joint less lining
and are better known as monolithic refractories. These are categorized as
Plastic refractories, ramming mixes, gunning mixes
13. Classification on basis of temparature range
Refractory:when temperature is between 1580-1780 e.g. fire clay
High Refractory:when temperature is between 1780-2000 E.g. chromites
Super refractory:when temperature is between >2000 E.g. zircons
Fire Clay Brics Chromite Bricks Zirconia Brics
14. Block Diagram of manufacturing refractory
Raw Material Crushing Grinding
ScreeningStorageMixingMolding
Drying Firing Sizing
PackagingTo Despatch
15. sOme common refractory bricks used in industry
Sillica bricks
It contains 90-95 of silica and 2 of cao
Cao is added to furnish the bond.
Raw material is used quartz ,quartzite,and sand stone
Crushed and groud with lime water..and this thik paste is then made into brick bye
hand moulding or machine pressing.
then the bricks are dried into the drier and burnt into kilns
The temperature is properly maintained
First it is slowly raised in about 24 hours to about 1500˚C and it is maintained for 12
hours so as to allow quaqrtzite to be converted into crystobellite
16. Magnesia bricks
Magnesia bricks
There are two types of Magnesite bricks:
Burned Magnesite brick:
· Material and Technique: magnesia as raw
material
· Property: good high-temperature
performance, strong slag resistance
· Application: used in permanent linings of EAF
and steel Convertors, lime kilns, glass tank
regenerators, torpedo cars and non-ferrous
furnaces
17. Monolithic Refractories
Monolithic refractory, the name generally given to all unshaped refractor
products, are materials installed as some form of suspension that ultimately
harden to form a solid mass.
Various means are employed in the placement of monolithic refractories like
ramming casting, spraying, sand slinging etc.