Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials made through heating processes like firing. They include materials like clay products, cement, glass, refractories, advanced ceramics, and more. Traditional ceramics use natural minerals as raw materials, while advanced ceramics have high-tech applications. Ceramics can be crystalline, amorphous, or composite. They are very hard, corrosion resistant, and maintain properties like strength at high temperatures but are also brittle. The document provides examples of various ceramic applications like sensors, cutting tools, armor, electronics, engines, and brakes that benefit from ceramic properties.
Ceramics are important engineering materials from engineering applications point of view.This presentation gives briefly important properties and applications of ceramics
introduction of ceramic: A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and all are made by firing or burning, often including silicates and metal oxides.
classification and types of ceramic, application of ceramic and innovations on it.
Ceramics are important engineering materials from engineering applications point of view.This presentation gives briefly important properties and applications of ceramics
introduction of ceramic: A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and all are made by firing or burning, often including silicates and metal oxides.
classification and types of ceramic, application of ceramic and innovations on it.
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Ceramics manufacture process, properties, uses and classification
Properties of ceramics; Classification of ceramics; Ceramic raw material; Fabricating and processing of ceramic;Application of Ceramics; Glasses; Clay Products; Structural clay product; Whitewares; Refractories: Fireclay; Silica; Basic refractories; Special refractories; Abrasives; Cements; Advanced Ceramics
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Ceramics manufacture process, properties, uses and classification
Properties of ceramics; Classification of ceramics; Ceramic raw material; Fabricating and processing of ceramic;Application of Ceramics; Glasses; Clay Products; Structural clay product; Whitewares; Refractories: Fireclay; Silica; Basic refractories; Special refractories; Abrasives; Cements; Advanced Ceramics
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
15 Common Myths you were taught to believe about CarsEason Chan
If you drive a vehicle on a regular basis, chances are that you're a victim of car myths that have been circulating for years. Check out these common myths about cars that you're probably guilty of following.
~ https://www.revol.com.sg
*contents
Ceramics (classification)
Clay products employed in building industry.
Tiles
Terracotta
Earthenware
Stoneware
Porcelain
Bricks
Manufacturing process of common tiles.
Types of common tiles used in building industries.
Characteristics of good tiles
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Article on ceramics, glass, adhesives, sealantsrita martin
rticle on ceramics, glass, adhesives, sealants and its chemicals history, evolution, production, industrial applications. Different types of ceramics, glass, adhesives, sealants chemicals and its properties
Evolution of Dental ceramic restorations /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
Ceramics
1. CERAMICS
1
Persian Guard. Iran, from Persepolis, Audience Hall (Apadana) of the Palace.
Achaemenid Period, reign of Xerxes, 486–480 B.C. Limestone, 10 1/2 x 9 x 1
7/8 in. (26.6 x 22.8 x 4.7 cm).
2. 2
An inorganic compound consisting of a metal (or semi-metal) and one or more
nonmetals for which the interatomic bonds are ionic or predominantly ionic with
some covalent character.
The term ceramics comes from the Greek word ‘keramikos’ ,which means
“Burnt stuff”, indicating that desirable properties of these materials are normally
achieved through high temperature heat treatment process called Firing.
They may be amorphous, partly crystalline or fully crystalline.
They are either formed from a molten mass that solidifies on cooling and matured
by the action of heat, or chemically synthesized at low temperature using for
example hydrothermal or sol-gel synthesis.
A wide-ranging group of materials whose ingredients are clays, sand and feldspar.
Ceramics Defined
3. EXAMPLES
Important examples:
Silica - silicon dioxide (SiO2), the main ingredient in most glass
products
Alumina - aluminum oxide (Al2O3), used in various applications
from abrasives to artificial bones
More complex compounds such as hydrous aluminum silicate
(Al2Si2O5(OH)4), the main ingredient in most clay products
3
4. PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
Extreme hardness:
High wear resistance
Extreme hardness can reduce wear caused by friction.
Corrosion Resistance
Heat resistance
Low electrical conductivity
Low thermal conductivity
Low thermal expansion
Poor thermal shock resistance
Brittle, virtually no ductility - can cause problems in both processing and
performance of ceramic products , Low fracture toughness.
Some ceramics are translucent, window glass (based on silica) being the
clearest example
Low density 4
6. 6
Taxonomy of Ceramics
Glasses Clay
products
Refractories Abrasives Cements Advanced
ceramics
-optical
-composite
reinforce
-containers/
household
-whitewares
-bricks
-bricks for
high T
(furnaces)
-sandpaper
-cutting
-polishing
-composites
-structural
engine
-rotors
-valves
-bearings
-sensors
Adapted from Fig. 13.1 and discussion in
Section 13.2-6, Callister 7e.
Types of Ceramics
7. Oxide Ceramics Non-Oxide Ceramics Composites
Oxidation Resistant Low Oxidation resistance Variable Oxidation
resistance
Electricaly Insulating Extreme hardness Toughness
Low thermal conductivity High thermal conductivity Variable thermal and
electrical conductivity
Slightly complex
manufacturing and high
Difficult energy dependent
manufacturing and high
Complex manufacturing
process and high cost
7
Oxide and Non-Oxide Ceramics
Zirconia(ZrO3),
Alumina(Al2O3)
Carbides,Borides,Nitrides,
Silicides
Particulate reinforced
combinations of oxide and
non-oxide(Silicon
Aluminium Oxynitride
{Al6N6O2Si} )
8. Amorphous Ceramics Crystalline Ceramics
Atoms exhibit only short range Order Atoms are arranged in a regular
repeating pattern in three dimensions
long range order
No distinct melting temperature(Tm) for
these materials as there with crystalline
material
Crystalline materials are “Engineering”
ceramics:
High melting point
Strong
Hard
Brittle
Good Corrosion Resistance
Na2O,CaO,K2O Silicon Nitride(Si3N4),Silicon
Carbide(SiC),Zirconia(ZrO2),Alumina
(Al2O3)
Amorphous and Crystalline Ceramics
9. 9
AMORPHOUS CERAMICS (GLASSES)
Main ingredient is Silica (SiO2)
If cooled very slowly will form crystalline structure.
If cooled more quickly will form amorphous structure consisting
of disordered and linked chains of Silicon and Oxygen atoms.
This accounts for its transparency as it is the crystal boundaries
that scatter the light, causing reflection.
Glass can be tempered to increase its toughness and resistance
to cracking.
10. 10
GLASS
TYPES
Three common types of glass:
Soda-lime glass - 95% of all glass, windows
containers etc.
Lead glass - contains lead oxide to improve refractive
index
Borosilicate - contains Boron oxide, known as Pyrex.
Based On Its Application
Flat glass (windows)
Container glass (bottles)
Pressed and blown glass (dinnerware)
Glass fibres (home insulation)
Advanced/specialty glass (optical fibres)
Glass Containers
12. Based on mineral silicates, silica, and mineral oxides found in nature
Primary products are fired clay (pottery, tableware, brick, and tile),
cement, and natural abrasives such as alumina
Products and the processes to make them date back thousands of years
Glass is also a silicate ceramic material and is sometimes included among
traditional ceramics
12
Traditional Ceramics
13. Advanced ceramic materials have been developed over the past
half century
Applied as thermal barrier coatings to protect metal structures,
wearing surfaces, or as integral components by themselves.
Engine applications are very common for this class of material
which includes silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon carbide (SiC),
Zirconia (ZrO2) and Alumina (Al2O3)
Heat resistance and other desirable properties have lead to the
development of methods to toughen the material by
reinforcement with fibers and whiskers opening up more
applications for ceramics 13
Advanced Ceramics
15. Mineral silicates, such as clays of various compositions, and silica, such as
quartz, are among the most abundant substances in nature and
constitute the principal raw materials for traditional ceramics
Another important raw material for traditional ceramics is alumina
These solid crystalline compounds have been formed and mixed in
the earth’s crust over billions of years by complex geological processes
15
Raw Materials For Traditional Ceramics
Alumina ceramic components
16. CERAMIC PRODUCTS
Clay construction products - bricks, clay pipe, and building tile
Refractory ceramics - ceramics capable of high temperature
applications such as furnace walls, crucibles, and molds
Cement used in concrete - used for construction and roads
Whiteware products - pottery, stoneware, fine china, porcelain, and
other tableware, based on mixtures of clay and other minerals
Glass - bottles, glasses, lenses, window pane, and light bulbs
Glass fibers - thermal insulating wool, reinforced plastics (fiberglass),
and fiber optics communications lines
Abrasives - aluminum oxide and silicon carbide
Cutting tool materials - tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, and cubic
boron nitride 16
17. 17
tensile
force
Ao
Addie
die
• Die blanks:
-- Need wear resistant properties!
• Die surface:
-- 4 mm polycrystalline diamond
particles that are sintered onto a
cemented tungsten carbide
substrate.
-- polycrystalline diamond helps control
fracture and gives uniform hardness
in all directions.
Courtesy Martin Deakins, GE
Super abrasives,
Worthington, OH. Used with
permission.
Adapted from Fig. 11.8 (d),
Callister 7e.
APPLICATION: DIE
BLANKS
18. 18
• Example: Oxygen sensor ZrO2
• Principle: Make diffusion of ions
fast for rapid response.
APPLICATION: SENSORS
A Ca2+ impurity
removes a Zr4+ and a
O2- ion.
Ca2+
• Approach:
Add Ca impurity to ZrO2:
-- increases O2- vacancies
-- increases O2- diffusion rate
reference
gas at fixed
oxygen content
O
2-diffusion
gas with an
unknown, higher
oxygen content
-+
voltage difference produced!
sensor
• Operation:
-- voltage difference
produced when
O2- ions diffuse
from the external
surface of the sensor
to the reference gas.
20. 20
• Tools:
-- for grinding glass, tungsten,
carbide, ceramics
-- for cutting Si wafers
-- for oil drilling
blades
oil drill bits• Solutions:
coated single
crystal diamonds
polycrystalline
diamonds in a resin
matrix.
Photos courtesy Martin Deakins,
GE Superabrasives, Worthington,
OH. Used with permission.
APPLICATION: CUTTING TOOLS
-- manufactured single crystal
or polycrystalline diamonds
in a metal or resin matrix.
-- optional coatings (e.g., Ti to help
diamonds bond to a Co matrix
via alloying)
-- polycrystalline diamonds
resharpen by microfracturing
along crystalline planes.
21. Ceramic armor systems are used to protect military personnel
and equipment.
Advantage: low density of the material can lead to weight-
efficient armor systems.
Typical ceramic materials used in armor systems include
alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and titanium diboride.
The ceramic material is discontinuous and is sandwiched
between a more ductile outer and inner skin.
Alumina ceramic/Kevlar composite system in sheets about
20mm thick are used to protect key areas of Hercules aircraft
(cockpit crew/instruments and loadmaster station).
21
Applications: Advanced Ceramics
Ceramic Armour
23. 23
APPLICATIONS: ADVANCED CERAMICS
Electronic Packaging
Chosen to securely hold microelectronics & provide
heat transfer
Must match the thermal expansion coefficient of the
microelectronic chip & the electronic packaging
material. Additional requirements include:
good heat transfer coefficient
poor electrical conductivity
Materials currently used include:
Boron nitride (BN)
Silicon Carbide (SiC)
Aluminum nitride (AlN)
thermal conductivity 10x that for Alumina
good expansion match with Si
24. 24
APPLICATIONS: ADVANCED CERAMICS
Heat Engines
Advantages:
Run at higher temperature
Excellent wear &
corrosion resistance
Low frictional losses
Ability to operate without
a cooling system
Low density
• Disadvantages:
– Brittle
– Too easy to have voids-
weaken the engine
– Difficult to machine
• Possible parts – engine block, piston coatings, jet engines
Ex: Si3N4, SiC, & ZrO2
Gears (Alumina)
Rotor (Alumina)