This document discusses capacitors and their uses. It begins by describing the basic construction of a capacitor, which consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. It then discusses different types of capacitors like electrolytic, ceramic, silver mica, and polyester capacitors. The document also covers various applications of capacitors such as for energy storage, pulsed power, power factor correction, capacitive coupling, in tank circuits, and as components in electronic filters. In conclusion, the document provides a brief overview of the key aspects of capacitors.

1. ACTIVE LEARNING PROCESS
BRANCH: FY ELECTRICAL -1
TOPIC: CAPACITOR
Prepared By :
NISARG AMIN 14BEEEG012
KUNJ SHAH 14BEEEG010
Guided By : DEEP PANDYA 14BEEEF011
SHEETAL M PUJARA
HARDIK AGARWAL

2. Capacitors
A basic capacitor has two parallel
conducting plates separated by an
insulating material.
The conducting plates can be thin films,
foils, conductive electrolyte, etc.
A dielectric i.e. insulating material can be
glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum,
paper, mica, etc.
The dielectric increases the capacitor's
charge capacity.

3. A capacitor stores an electrical charge
between the two plates.
The unit of capacitance is Farads (F).
Capacitance values are normally smaller,
such as μF, nF or pF.
Capacitors are widely used as parts
of electrical circuits in many common
electrical devices.
Capacitors doesn’t dissipate energy in
any form.

4. • Basic capacitor construction:-
Dielectric material
Plate 1
Plate 2
The dielectric
material is an
insulator therefore
no current flows
through the
capacitor.

5. • Storing a charge between the plates:-
 Electrons on the left plate are attracted toward the
positive terminal of the voltage source.
 This leaves an excess of positively
charged holes.
 The electrons are pushed towards
right plate.
 Excess electrons leave a negative
charge.
+
_
+ _
+ -

7. Types Of Capacitors
Capacitors are classified into two
groups:-
1. Polarized – Electrolytic capacitors
2. Non-Polarized – Ceramic, Silver Mica,
Polyester, Polystyrene, Teflon
capacitors.

8. • Electrolytic Capacitors:-
An electrolytic capacitor is
a capacitor that uses an electrolyte as
one of its plates to achieve a larger
capacitance per unit volume than other
types.
The large capacitance of electrolytic
capacitors makes them particularly
suitable for passing or bypassing low-frequency
signals and storing large
amounts of energy

9. They are widely used in power supplies and
in interconnecting stages of amplifiers at
audio frequencies.
An electrolytic capacitor will generally have
higher leakage current than a dry capacitor,
and may have significant limitations in its
operating temperature range and the
stability and accuracy of its capacitance
value.
Two types of electrolytic capacitors are in
common use: aluminum and tantalum.

10. • Ceramic capacitor:-
Ceramic material acts as the dielectric in
a ceramic capacitor .
It is constructed of two or more
alternating layers of ceramic and
a metal layer acting as the electrodes. The
composition of the ceramic material
defines the electrical behavior and
therefore applications.

11. • Silver mica capacitor:-
Silver mica capacitors are high precision,
stable and reliable capacitors.
 They are available in small values, and are
mostly used at high frequencies and in
cases where low losses and low capacitor
change over the time is desired.
There are two types of silver mica
capacitors:
1. Clamped Mica capacitors
2. Silvered mica capacitors

12. • Polyester Capacitor:-
Polyester film acts as dielectric
in this type of capacitor.
Polyester capacitors offer
very less tolerance.
There are two types of polyester capacitor:
1. Metalized Film Capacitor
2. Foil Capacitor

13. Applications
• Energy storage:-
 A capacitor can store electric energy
when disconnected from its charging
circuit, so it can be used like a
temporary battery, or like other types of
rechargeable energy storage systems.
 Capacitors are commonly used in
electronic devices to maintain power
supply while batteries are being
changed.

14. • Pulsed power and weapons:-
 Groups of large, specially constructed, low-inductance
high-voltage capacitors are
used to supply huge pulses of current for
many pulsed power applications.
 Large capacitor banks are used as energy
sources for the exploding-bridgewire
detonators or slapper
detonators in nuclear weapons and other
specialty weapons.

15. • Power factor correction:-
 In electric power distribution, capacitors
are used for power factor correction.
 Such capacitors often come as three
capacitors connected as a three
phase load.
 Usually, the values of these capacitors
are given not in farads but rather as
a reactive power in volt-amperes
reactive.

16. • Capacitive Coupling:-
 Polyester film capacitors are frequently
used as coupling capacitors.
 As capacitors pass AC but block
DC signals, they are often used to
separate the AC and DC components of
a signal. This method is known as AC
coupling or "capacitive coupling".

17. • Tank Circuits:-
 Variable Capacitors are used in tank
circuits to control the frequency of the
material.
Frequency is given by:-

18. • Filters:-
Capacitors are the main elements of
filters.
There are several types of filters that are
used in electronic circuits such as Low Pass
Filter(LPF),High Pass Filter(HPF),Band Pass
Filter(BPF),etc.

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